scholarly journals In Situ Tests of the Monitoring and Diagnostic System for Individual Photovoltaic Panels

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1770
Author(s):  
Mariusz Woszczyński ◽  
Joanna Rogala-Rojek ◽  
Sławomir Bartoszek ◽  
Marian Gaiceanu ◽  
Krzysztof Filipowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
In Situ Tests ◽  
Photovoltaic Panel ◽  
Photovoltaic Panels

The dynamic development of photovoltaic systems in the world and in Poland is mainly related to the drop in prices of installation components. Currently, electricity from photovoltaics is one of the cheapest renewable energy sources. The basis for effective energy generation is, first of all, failure-free operation of the photovoltaic system over a long period of operation, up to 30 years. The paper presents the results of a study of a low-cost distributed system for monitoring and diagnosis of photovoltaic installations (SmartPV), capable of assessing the operating parameters of individual photovoltaic panels. The devices were tested by connecting them to an existing photovoltaic installation, allowing the measurement of operational parameters of individual photovoltaic panels as well as operating conditions such as illuminance and panel surface temperature. The data were recorded on a server using wireless Wi-Fi transmission. Interesting data were collected during the tests, confirming the usefulness of the suggested device for monitoring the photovoltaic installations. Differences in performance of the photovoltaic panel depending on solar radiation and surface temperature were recorded. The temperature coefficient of power was determined, allowing for increased accuracy in the prediction of generated power. The correct recording in different situation, i.e., shading, sensor damage or weather anomalies, was verified. Based on the collected data, rules will be defined for an expert application which, in combination with SmartPV devices, will ensure a quick response to any malfunctions of the photovoltaic system, both related to failures and those resulting from natural degradation during operation.

scholarly journals Research of material and power of photovoltaic panels of various types of degradation in operating conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 06008
Author(s):  
Peter Tauš ◽  
Jana Tomčejová ◽  
Marcela Taušová ◽  
Ľubomíra Gabániová ◽  
Dušan Kudelas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Photovoltaic Panel ◽  
Photovoltaic Panels ◽  
Photovoltaic Power ◽  
Number Of Factors

The paper deals with the results of research on the influence of material and operating parameters on the performance characteristics and efficiency of photovoltaic panels. The disadvantage of PV panels is that their performance depends on a number of factors such as the intensity of the sun's radiation, the outside air temperature, the surface temperature of the photovoltaic panel, its pollution, shielding, etc. In the paper is analyzed the model photovoltaic power plant, from which data were obtained during the monitored period and subsequently the progress of individually measured parameters was evaluated.

scholarly journals Design of floating photovoltaic system for fish pond lighting

2021 ◽  
Vol 926 (1) ◽  
pp. 012005
Author(s):  
G S H Arimufti ◽  
W Sunanda ◽  
R F Gusa
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Fish Pond ◽  
Photovoltaic Panel

Abstract The floating photovoltaic panel is increasingly being used. This is one of the ways to reduce temperature rise in photovoltaic panel. The floating photovoltaic panel is used for lighting at the fish pond. A unit of 8-watt lamp for lighting supplied by 1 unit of 50 Wp photovoltaic panel and 1 unit of 12 V/3.5 Ah battery. The heatsink attached to the bottom of the floating photovoltaic panel transfers heat from the panel to the fish pond water. Sensors are connected to Arduino to measure photovoltaic panel output voltage and current, solar irradiance, photovoltaic panel temperature and fish pond water temperature. From the measurement, the voltage generated from the floating photovoltaic panel is 12.71 – 14.71 V and the current is 0.15 - 1.17 A. While the solar irradiance value is 71 W/m2 to 396 W/m2, the surface temperature of photovoltaic panel is 26.9°C - 32.4°C and fish pond water temperature is 27.1°C - 30.2°C.

scholarly journals Characteristics of a New Polymer Electrolyte Electrolysis Technique with Only Cathodic Media Supply Coupled to a Photovoltaic Panel

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 4150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Müller ◽  
Zwaygardt ◽  
Rauls ◽  
Hehemann ◽  
Haas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Photovoltaic Panel ◽  
Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
The Individual

Herein we discuss polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolysis stacks and systems we developed that are optimized for direct coupling to a photovoltaic (PV) panel. One advantage of PEM systems is their use of non-corrosive and non-toxic media. Thus, safe outdoor operation can be guaranteed, even in the case of a leakage. The system design was adapted to reduce the number of connection tubes, allowing for a series connection of multiple stacks at low cost and high reliability. One coupled PEM/PV system was tested under various temperature and irradiance conditions. All system components were also thoroughly characterized. The characterization was used to calibrate simple models of the individual components. Finally, the models were used to predict the system’s solar-to-hydrogen efficiency under different operating conditions and to find an optimal configuration for real-world outdoor operation.

DIFFERENCES IN THE CONCENTRATION OF SOLAR ENERGY INVESTMENTS USING PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS AND SOLAR COLLECTORS IN LUBELSKIE AND MAZOWIECKIE VOIVODSHIPS’ MUNICIPALITIES

2018 ◽  
Vol XX (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Klepacka
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Photovoltaic Panel ◽  
Photovoltaic Panels ◽  
Percentage Share ◽  
Total Capacity

The paper emphasizes the differences in the concentration of investments with the use of photovoltaic panels and solar collectors in voivodships with significant potential for using solar energy. The subject of the paper addresses, among others, the significant changes in renewable energy sources (RES) and EU subsidies that affect the economics of solar micro-installations in Poland. The study applied data from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, which included completed operations under the rural development program (RDP) for the period 2007-2013. The percentage share of the number of photovoltaic panel installations in Lubelskie and Mazowieckie Voivodships constituted 22% of that type of investments in the country (13% and 9% respectively, with a total capacity of 2,634 kW). However, in the case of the number of solar collector installations, the percentage share in Lubelskie and Mazowieckie Voivodships accounted for 44% of such installations in Poland (29% and 15%, respectively, with a total capacity of 4,239 kW). The results confirm the view that the location is an important determinant of photovoltaic panel and solar collector installations in Poland as shown in the examined voivodships characterized by the favorable solar radiation conditions.

scholarly journals Highly Efficient and Robust Grid Connected Photovoltaic System Based Model Predictive Control with Kalman Filtering Capability

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Ahmed ◽  
Mohamed Abdelrahem ◽  
Ralph Kennel
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Model Predictive Control ◽  
Extended Kalman Filter ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Efficient Estimation ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Power Point

Renewable energy sources, especially photovoltaic (PV) ones, are gaining more and more interest due to the predicted lack of conventional sources over the coming years. That shortage is not the only concern, as environmental issues add to this concern also. Thus, this study proposes two-stage PV grid connected system, which is supported with extended Kalman filter (EKF) for parameter estimation. In the first stage, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for the boost converter is accomplished using new MPPT method in which the switching state of the converter is directly generated after the measurement stage, so it is called direct switching MPPT technique. This technique is compared with the conventional finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) method, where the design of the cost function is based on minimizing the error between the reference and the actual current. The reference current is obtained by employing perturb and observe (P&O) method. In the second stage, the two-level inverter is controlled by means of model predictive control (MPC) with reduced computation burden. Further, to overcome the parameter variations, which is a very common problem in MPC applications, an extended Kalman filter is utilized to eliminate the control algorithm’s dependency on the parameters by providing an efficient estimation. After the inverter, an RL filter is inserted to guarantee the quality of the currents injected into the grid. Finally, the system is validated using Matlab under different operating conditions of atmospheric variation and parameter changes.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT AND JUSTIFICATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF ASSEMBLIES OF PYROLYSIS INSTALLATION FOR UTILIZATION OF MEDICAL WASTE

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Rostyslav Iskovich-Lototskyy ◽  
Nataliia Veselovska ◽  
Oleksii Tokarchuk ◽  
Oleksandr Skliaruk
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Degree ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Medical Waste ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Hazardous Chemical

When developing a pyrolysis plant for the disposal of medical waste, the evaluation criteria were ergonomics, operational reliability, simplicity and manufacturability of its manufacture, as well as maintainability. In certain operating conditions, given the high degree of epidemiological danger, ensuring the minimum degree of operator contact with the most medical waste is an urgent task. Therefore, the most effective solution in the development of a simple and operationally reliable pyrolysis plant for waste disposal, provided the use of a special robotic loading device and a furnace design for incinerating medical waste. The application of the above developments made it possible to efficiently for the environment, in an automated mode, dispose of medical waste with a minimum degree of operator contact with the most medical waste, as well as with minimal economic and technological disposal costs. The creation of a simpler, highly reliable and safe pyrolysis plant for the disposal of medical waste with a low cost of their manufacture, increased maintainability and a high environmental safety degree necessitates special design and theoretical calculations. Plants for the disposal of medical waste are distinguished by a special nature of work, which is the excessive creation of high temperatures, for the complete neutralization (oxidation) of hazardous chemical compounds contained in medical waste. Therefore, when developing the pyrolysis plant itself for the disposal of medical waste, one should take into account the temperature difference at the inlet and outlet of the furnace itself for incinerating medical waste. In the process of developing and justifying the design of the units of the new installation for the disposal of medical waste, the following tasks were solved: - development of a schematic diagram of the units of the facility for the disposal of medical waste, reflects the relationship between the operating and operational parameters of the facility itself; - design calculations for the units of the facility for the disposal of medical waste; - theoretical studies of the influence of the operating and operational parameters of the installation for the disposal of medical waste in the technological process of disposal of medical waste.

scholarly journals Energy Saving in Batteries Using the Photovoltaic System

2020 ◽  
Vol 04 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-94
Author(s):  
Ali Ibrahim ◽  
Ramzi Ibraheem ◽  
Rizgar Weli
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Lead Acid Battery ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Parallel Connection ◽  
Photovoltaic Panel ◽  
Photovoltaic Panels ◽  
Full Charge

Photovoltaic panels are used to generate electricity directly or indirectly. in the case of indirect, the energy should be saved in batteries and then it can be used and in this case, the inverter is required to change the direct current of the batteries(DC) to operate alternating current(AC) loads. This paper concentrates on saving energy in batteries and investigating the process of charging and discharging the batteries to operate selective loads in the paper. Using the photovoltaic panels to store energy in batteries, the results reveal that one photovoltaic panel of( 80 W) is placed towards south at a tilt angle of 36o; it could generate (224 W.hr) of energy that was obtained by charging a( 65 A.hr) lead-acid battery for 13 hours in April. Using two solar panels each of( 80 W )is connecting parallel,( 915.6 W.hr) of energy generated in May while using three units in parallel connection the electricity generated was near to that of two panels as the battery reaches nearly the full charge. Ambient temperature rise harms solar panels and leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the solar panel.

A Cost-Effective Active Single Axis Solar Tracking Mechanism Based on Weight Imbalance Principle

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Kader ◽  
Muhammad I. Rashad ◽  
Mahmoud Elzouka ◽  
B. M. El-Souhily
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Photovoltaic Panel ◽  
Photovoltaic Panels ◽  
Solar Tracking ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Energy Independence

Solar trackers are rising in popularity; they benefit a wide range of applications since distributed solar energy generation can reduce electricity costs and support energy independence. In this paper, a simple solar tracking system is introduced. The system is a package unit that can be mounted on any solar panel. The system consists of an electrical motor connected directly to a sliding mass on a linear bearing. The electrical motor is controlled to slide the weight along the shafts in controlled steps. As a result, the photovoltaic panels are rotated automatically under the effect of controlled weight unbalance in fine angle increments to track solar trajectory without the need for traditional complex or costly mechanisms. Two light dependent resistors (LDR) sensors, mounted onto the surface of the solar photovoltaic panel, are exposed to solar irradiance and used to feed signals to a controller. A model of the solar tracking system is developed using ordinary differential equations, and numerically solved by MATLAB/Simulink™. The power consumption and tracking strategy of the proposed tracking system are estimated under realistic operating conditions (e.g. wind and brakes), and the power consumption is compared to the power generated by the photovoltaic panels. Optimum values for the sliding mass are suggested. Two photovoltaic modules are used to calculate the output parameters of the proposed tracking mechanism.

scholarly journals Recent Progresses in Application of Membrane Bioreactors in Production of Biohydrogen

Membranes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahman Jabbari ◽  
Elham Jalilnejad ◽  
Kamran Ghasemzadeh ◽  
Adolfo Iulianelli
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Membrane Bioreactors ◽  
Pure Hydrogen ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Inorganic Membranes ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
The Common

Biohydrogen is a clean and viable energy carrier generated through various green and renewable energy sources such as biomass. This review focused on the application of membrane bioreactors (MBRs), emphasizing the combination of these devices with biological processes, for bio-derived hydrogen production. Direct biophotolysis, indirect biophotolysis, photo-fermentation, dark fermentation, and conventional techniques are discussed as the common methods of biohydrogen production. The anaerobic process membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) technology is presented and discussed as a preferable choice for producing biohydrogen due to its low cost and the ability of overcoming problems posed by carbon emissions. General features of AnMBRs and operational parameters are comprehensively overviewed. Although MBRs are being used as a well-established and mature technology with many full-scale plants around the world, membrane fouling still remains a serious obstacle and a future challenge. Therefore, this review highlights the main benefits and drawbacks of MBRs application, also discussing the comparison between organic and inorganic membranes utilization to determine which may constitute the best solution for providing pure hydrogen. Nevertheless, research is still needed to overcome remaining barriers to practical applications such as low yields and production rates, and to identify biohydrogen as one of the most appealing renewable energies in the future.

scholarly journals Cogeneration of energy in solar systems - a study case, Kosovo

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1675
Author(s):  
Bukurije Hoxha ◽  
Rexhep Selimaj ◽  
Drenusha Krasniqi ◽  
Sabrije Osmanaj
Keyword(s):  
Solar Collector ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Cell Temperature ◽  
Photovoltaic Panel ◽  
Photovoltaic Panels ◽  
Solar Systems ◽  
Sustainable Energy Supply ◽  
Study Case

<p>Nowadays the main goal of sustainable energy supply is the use of renewable energy sources and, in addition, the increased efficiency of the energy used. One possibility of using renewable energies is the use of solar energy through photovoltaic panels. Taking into account the meteorological characteristics of the country in which the study takes place, it appears that the use of photovoltaic panels will be available most of the time during the year. We applied a model of hybrid solar collectors for maintaining the cell temperature near 25°C by introducing a flat plate cover integrated with solar cells. This method represents a way to increase the efficiency of the solar collector. This will enable the production of electricity from the part of the photovoltaic panel incorporated into the solar collector, in which the water temperature will increase, and this heat from the water is due to the effect of sunlight and as a result of cooling the part of the photovoltaic panel. This represents an increase in the efficiency of the system and the main purpose of our analysis.</p>

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