scholarly journals Polystyrene Waste in Panels for Thermal Retrofitting of Historical Buildings: Experimental Study

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1844
Author(s):  
Bożena Orlik-Kożdoń
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Resistance Coefficient ◽  
Diffusion Resistance ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
In Situ Tests ◽  
Historical Building ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Cellular Concrete

The following article presents comprehensive research results for the insulation material based on polystyrene wastes. The presented product has the form of plates to be applied for thermal insulation of external envelopes from the inside. The laboratory tests were focused on the determination of basic technical parameters for this type of materials, i.e., thermal conductivity coefficient, diffusion resistance coefficient, reaction to fire, material sorption, and strength characteristics. For the recycling material, the obtained thermal conductivity value was 0.055 [W/mK]. The diffusion resistance coefficient was 5 [–], and therefore, this component has been qualified to a group of solutions that allow for interstitial condensation in the envelope. For the developed product, in situ tests were carried out on the actual wall system in a historical building. Based on the research, temperature and humidity profiles were obtained in the selected planes of the envelope. The performance of this material in real conditions was observed in relation to the reference product, i.e., lightweight cellular concrete (commonly used as thermal insulation from the inside). For the conducted in situ research, statistical inference was applied, which included the verification of the hypothesis-recycling panels in wall systems follow a trend of changes similar to that of slabs made of lightweight cellular concrete (a group of materials that allows for interstitial condensation). The proposed method of using secondary raw materials in insulation products allows us to obtain a product with high technical parameters that do not differ in quality from new components.

scholarly journals IN-SITU TESTS OF COUNTERMEASURE TECHNIQUE USING GEOCELL AND THERMAL INSULATION MATERIAL FOR THE FROST HEAVE ON CUT SLOPES

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (0) ◽  
pp. 163-170
Author(s):  
Yutaka HASHIZUME ◽  
Naoki OYAMA ◽  
Toshio HAMANAKA ◽  
Daigo ISHII ◽  
Kenji KANEKO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Frost Heave ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
In Situ Tests ◽  
Thermal Insulation Material ◽  
Cut Slopes

Cryogenic thermal insulating and mechanical properties of rigid polyurethane foams blown with hydrofluoroolefin: Effect of perfluoroalkane

2021 ◽  
pp. 0021955X2110626
Author(s):  
Tae Seok Kim ◽  
Yeongbeom Lee ◽  
Chul Hyun Hwang ◽  
Kwang Ho Song ◽  
Woo Nyon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Pu Foams

The effect of perfluoroalkane (PFA) on the morphology, thermal conductivity, mechanical properties and thermal stability of rigid polyurethane (PU) foams was investigated under ambient and cryogenic conditions. The PU foams were blown with hydrofluorolefin. Morphological results showed that the minimum cell size (153 μm) was observed when the PFA content was 1.0 part per hundred polyols by weight (php). This was due to the lower surface tension of the mixed polyol solution when the PFA content was 1.0 php. The thermal conductivity of PU foams measured under ambient (0.0215 W/mK) and cryogenic (0.0179 W/mK at −100°C) conditions reached a minimum when the PFA content was 1.0 php. The low value of thermal conductivity was a result of the small cell size of the foams. The above results suggest that PFA acted as a nucleating agent to enhanced the thermal insulation properties of PU foams. The compressive and shear strengths of the PU foams did not appreciably change with PFA content at either −170°C or 20°C. However, it shows that the mechanical strengths at −170°C and 20°C for the PU foams meet the specification. Coefficient of thermal expansion, and thermal shock tests of the PU foams showed enough thermal stability for the LNG carrier’s operation temperature. Therefore, it is suggested that the PU foams blown by HFO with the PFA addition can be used as a thermal insulation material for a conventional LNG carrier.

Unused Plant Waste and Thermal Insulation Composition Boards on their Basis

2021 ◽  
Vol 887 ◽  
pp. 480-486
Author(s):  
T.N. Vachnina ◽  
I.V. Susoeva ◽  
A.A. Titunin ◽  
S.V. Tsybakin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Mineral Wool ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Plant Fibers ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Plant Waste ◽  
Technology Of Production

Many plant wastes are not currently used in production, they are disposed of in landfills or incinerated. The aim of this study is to develop a composite thermal insulation material from unused spinning waste of flax and cotton fibers and soft wood waste. Samples of thermal insulation materials from plant waste were made by drying using the technology of production of soft wood fiber boards. For composite board defined physico-mechanical characteristics and thermal conductivity. The experiment was carried out according to a second-order plan, regression models of the dependences of the material indicators on the proportion of the binder additive, drying temperature and the proportion of wood waste additives were developed. The study showed that composites from unused spinning waste of plant fibers and soft wood waste have the necessary strength under static bending, the swelling in thickness after staying in water is much lower in comparison with the performance of boards from other plant fillers. The coefficient of thermal conductivity of the boards is comparable with the indicator for mineral wool boards.

scholarly journals Design and Verification of a Deep Rock Corer with Retaining the In Situ Temperature

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang He ◽  
Heping Xie ◽  
Mingzhong Gao ◽  
Ling Chen ◽  
Bo Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Electric Heating ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Hollow Glass Microsphere ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Insulation System ◽  
Deep Rock ◽  
Active Thermal Insulation

Deep rock is always under high-temperature conditions. However, traditional coring methods generally have no thermal insulation design, which introduces large deviations in the guidance required for resource mining. Thus, a thermal insulation design that utilizes active and passive thermal insulation was proposed for deep rock corers. The rationale behind the active thermal insulation scheme was to maintain the in situ core temperature through electric heating that was controlled by using a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) chip. Graphene heating material could be used as a heating material for active thermal insulation through testing. In regard to the passive thermal insulation scheme, we conducted insulation and microscopic and insulation effectiveness tests for hollow glass microsphere (HGM) composites and SiO2 aerogels. Results showed that the #1 HGM composite (C1) had an excellent thermal insulation performance (3 mm thick C1 can insulate to 82.6°C), high reflectivity (90.02%), and wide applicability. Therefore, C1 could be used as a passive insulation material in deep rock corers. Moreover, a heat transfer model that considered multiple heat dissipation surfaces was established, which can provide theoretical guidance for engineering applications. Finally, a verification test of the integrated active and passive thermal insulation system (graphene heating material and C1) was carried out. Results showed that the insulating effect could be increased by 13.3%; thus, the feasibility of the integrated thermal insulation system was verified. The abovementioned design scheme and test results provide research basis and guidance for the development of thermally insulated deep rock coring equipment.

The Development and Application of Non-Shrinking Composite Silicate Insulation Material

2013 ◽  
Vol 772 ◽  
pp. 178-181
Author(s):  
Yong Liang Zhan ◽  
Hai Yang Chen ◽  
Xing Hua Hou ◽  
Fei He
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Structural Member ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Technical Performance

Non-shrinking composite silicate insulation material has advantages of low drying shrinkage, density, thermal conductivity and good thermal insulation which withstands high temperature and militates in favor of specially shaped structural member construction, etc. This article describes raw materials and the production process of the above material, discusses thermal insulation characteristics, technical performance and the features of use and particularizes the application effect in the project.

Effect of Operating Temperatures on Thermal Conductivity of Polystyrene Insulation Material: Impact on Envelope-Induced Cooling Load

2014 ◽  
Vol 564 ◽  
pp. 315-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maatouk Khoukhi ◽  
Mahmoud Tahat
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Cooling Load ◽  
Thermal Insulation Material ◽  
Insulation Materials ◽  
Energy Performance Of Buildings ◽  
The Impact

The impact of the thermal conductivity (k-value) change of polystyrene insulation material in building envelope due to changes in temperature on the thermal and energy performance of a typical residential building under hot climate is investigated. Indeed, the thermal and energy performance of buildings depends on the thermal characteristics of the building envelope, and particularly on the thermal resistance of the insulation material used. The thermal insulation material which is determined by its thermal conductivity, which describes the ability of heat to flow cross the material in presence of a gradient of temperature, is the main key to assess the performance of the thermal insulation material. When performing the energy analysis or calculating the cooling load for buildings, we use published values of thermal conductivity of insulation materials, which are normally evaluated at 24°C according to the ASTM standards. In reality, thermal insulation in building is exposed to significant and continuous temperature variations, due essentially to the change of outdoor air temperature and solar radiation. Many types of insulation materials are produced and used in Oman, but not enough information is available to evaluate their performance under the prevailing climatic condition. The main objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between the temperature and thermal conductivity of various densities of polystyrene, which is widely used as building insulation material in Oman. Moreover, the impact of thermal conductivity variation with temperature on the envelope-induced cooling load for a simple building model is discussed. This work will serve as a platform to investigate the effect of the operating temperature on thermal conductivity of other building material insulations, and leads to more accurate assessment of the thermal and energy performance of buildings in Oman.

A Novel Building Thermal Insulation Material: Expanded Perlite Modified by Aerogel

2011 ◽  
Vol 250-253 ◽  
pp. 507-512
Author(s):  
Zi Sheng Wang ◽  
Hao Chi Tu ◽  
Jin Xiu Gao ◽  
Guo Dong Qian ◽  
Xian Ping Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Expanded Perlite ◽  
Thermal Insulation Material ◽  
Supercritical Fluid Drying

Aerogel is regarded as one kind of super thermal insulation materials which could be large-scalely used as building materials. However, the aerogel’s production cost and poor mechanical property limit the its applications. In this paper, we put forward a new low cost way to produce a novel building thermal insulation material: synthesized the aerogel within the expanded perlite’s pores, and using sodium silicate as precursor without adopting supercritical fluid drying and surface modification. The thermal conductivity of expanded perlite was successfully decreased after modified by aerogel.

scholarly journals Rigid Polyurethane Foam Thermal Insulation Protected with Mineral Intumescent Mat

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikelis Kirpluks ◽  
Ugis Cabulis ◽  
Viesturs Zeltins ◽  
Laura Stiebra ◽  
Andris Avots
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Expandable Graphite ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Pu Foam ◽  
Fibre Products ◽  
Pu Foams

Abstract One of the biggest disadvantages of rigid polyurethane (PU) foams is its low thermal resistance, high flammability and high smoke production. Greatest advantage of this thermal insulation material is its low thermal conductivity (λ), which at 18-28 mW/(m•K) is superior to other materials. To lower the flammability of PU foams, different flame retardants (FR) are used. Usually, industrially viable are halogenated liquid FRs but recent trends in EU regulations show that they are not desirable any more. Main concern is toxicity of smoke and health hazard form volatiles in PU foam materials. Development of intumescent passive fire protection for foam materials would answer problems with flammability without using halogenated FRs. It is possible to add expandable graphite (EG) into PU foam structure but this increases the thermal conductivity greatly. Thus, the main advantage of PU foam is lost. To decrease the flammability of PU foams, three different contents 3%; 9% and 15% of EG were added to PU foam formulation. Sample with 15% of EG increased λ of PU foam from 24.0 to 30.0 mW/(m•K). This paper describes the study where PU foam developed from renewable resources is protected with thermally expandable intumescent mat from Technical Fibre Products Ltd. (TFP) as an alternative to EG added into PU material. TFP produces range of mineral fibre mats with EG that produce passive fire barrier. Two type mats were used to develop sandwich-type PU foams. Also, synergy effect of non-halogenated FR, dimethyl propyl phosphate and EG was studied. Flammability of developed materials was assessed using Cone Calorimeter equipment. Density, thermal conductivity, compression strength and modulus of elasticity were tested for developed PU foams. PU foam morphology was assessed from scanning electron microscopy images.

scholarly journals Thermal Insulation and Mechanical Properties of Polylactic Acid (PLA) at Different Processing Conditions

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2091
Author(s):  
Mohamed Saeed Barkhad ◽  
Basim Abu-Jdayil ◽  
Abdel Hamid I. Mourad ◽  
Muhammad Z. Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Annealing Time ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Thermal Insulation Material

This work aims to provide an extensive evaluation on the use of polylactic acid (PLA) as a green, biodegradable thermal insulation material. The PLA was processed by melt extrusion followed by compression molding and then subjected to different annealing conditions. Afterwards, the thermal insulation properties and structural capacity of the PLA were characterized. Increasing the annealing time of PLA in the range of 0–24 h led to a considerable increase in the degree of crystallization, which had a direct impact on the thermal conductivity, density, and glass transition temperature. The thermal conductivity of PLA increased from 0.0643 W/(m·K) for quickly-cooled samples to 0.0904 W/(m·K) for the samples annealed for 24 h, while the glass transition temperature increased by approximately 11.33% to reach 59.0 °C. Moreover, the annealing process substantially improved the compressive strength and rigidity of the PLA and reduced its ductility. The results revealed that annealing PLA for 1–3 h at 90 °C produces an optimum thermal insulation material. The low thermal conductivity (0.0798–0.0865 W/(m·K)), low density (~1233 kg/m3), very low water retention (<0.19%) and high compressive strength (97.2–98.7 MPa) in this annealing time range are very promising to introduce PLA as a green insulation material.

scholarly journals Moisture Transport in Cellular Concrete Walls with the Connector for Thermal Insulation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Ponikiewski ◽  
Tomasz Steidl ◽  
Paweł Krause
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Moisture Transport ◽  
Concrete Wall ◽  
Concrete Walls ◽  
Steel Core ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cellular Concrete ◽  
Research Studies

The paper presents the results of in-situ research studies and hygrothermal simulations for a fragment of prefabricated cellular concrete wall, insulated with Styrofoam, allowing for two types of external plasters. The disruption of heat and mass transfer is effected by the connector for thermal insulation mounted in the layer of cellular concrete. The carried out research studies and simulations have demonstrated that the impact of the insulation connector with a steel core is observed only locally, but its destructive impact should not be ignored.

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