scholarly journals Empirical Estimation of the Energy Impacts of Projects Installed through Residential Property Assessed Clean Energy Financing Programs in California

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 8060
Author(s):  
Jeff Deason ◽  
Sean Murphy ◽  
Charles A. Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Residential Property ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Empirical Estimation ◽  
Gas Consumption ◽  
First Time

We examine the energy use impacts of energy efficiency and solar PV projects financed by residential property assessed clean energy (R-PACE) programs in California. We leverage household-level interval meter data to apply normalized metered energy consumption (NMEC) methods at significant scale—more than 25,000 electric meters and more than 15,000 gas meters. We develop a comparison group to account for non-project-related changes in usage. The projects include homes that replaced existing HVAC equipment with higher-efficiency units and homes that installed central heating or air conditioning equipment for the first time. We have limited information on pre-project household equipment stock so we develop a method to infer new installations. We find that projects that installed energy efficiency technologies reduce electricity consumption by approximately 3% and gas consumption by approximately 3.5% on average. When we remove homes that installed new cooling and heating equipment for the first time, savings rise to approximately 5% for electricity and approximately 6% for gas. Given the California climate and the results of an existing study of similar California projects, these results are in line with expectations. Solar PV projects produce electricity that offsets approximately 69% of household electricity consumption on average. We estimate that California R-PACE projects installed through the end of 2019 produce annual reductions in grid-tied electricity consumption of 506 GWh (equivalent to the electricity consumption of approximately 74,000 California households) and gas consumption reductions of 2 million therms (equivalent to the gas consumption of approximately 4700 California households) in a typical weather year.

Communicating About Clean Energy and Efficiency Policies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Shapiro ◽  
Toby Bolsen ◽  
Anna McCaghren Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Household Energy ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Energy Efficiency And Conservation

Public opinion plays a central role in determining the feasibility of efforts to transform energy systems in the coming years, yet scholarship on communication effects and public opinion about clean energy and energy efficiency seems to have expanded only relatively recently. There is a growing body of work that explores how targeted and strategically framed messages affect individuals’ beliefs and motivations to act on matters affecting household energy choices as well as energy policies. One must attend particularly to the principal communication-based factors that shape the public’s understanding of clean energy sources and promote efficiencies in energy use. To better understand the communication vehicles for improving both household energy efficiency and conservation, two research foci are most relevant: (1) field experiments that primarily assess how household energy consumption shifts after receiving energy consumption reports and (2) surveys/laboratory experiments that focus on the nuances of energy-related communications, paying particular attention to the role of politics and ideology. This bimodal classification of clean energy and efficiency communication research genres is not exhaustive but can be synthesized into two major contributions. First, providing households with information about specific benefits that would result from a greater reliance on clean energy may increase support for its development and move individuals toward energy efficiency outcomes; however, exposure to counter-messages that emphasize costs associated with clean energy and the associated policies can negate the effects of pro-clean energy messages. Second, there is still no reprieve from the politicization of energy, and thus the role of partisanship and motivated reasoning must be accounted for when assessing how individuals modify their decision-making processes regarding energy efficiency.

Solar Energy in the Housing: Case — Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor Enrique Campbell Ramírez ◽  
René Delgado Rendón ◽  
Alejandro A. Lambert Arista ◽  
Margarita Gil Samaniego Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Baja California ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Electric Utility ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Pv Systems

A study was designed and implemented to simulate and validate experimentally the thermal performance and energy of two houses equipped for efficient use of energy in Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico. The objectives were the simulation and the assessment of energetic, economic, social and environmental impacts of the use of high efficiency air conditioning, high efficiency refrigerators, Solar Water Heater (SWH) and photovoltaic (PV) modules. The simulations carried out were validated by field measurements during years 2011 and 2012. For PV systems, we estimated generation of 1837 kWh/yr. and in the annual monitoring values were obtained 1855 kWh/yr. For SWH, the investment is recovered within a reasonable time (6 years) by saving conventional energy. Electricity consumption per unit area of building for winter and summer was 0.23 and 0.46 kWh/ft2, respectively. The field data of average power for the AC is consistent with the SEER 13 being of 1.0 kW, and for the refrigerator, average power was 128 W. For the 2-story house (1033 sq. ft.), simulation predicted an annual consumption of 4559 kWh and measured value was 4197, PV system contributed 55% of consumption. In regard to the estimated electric bill was for $233 USD, and the reported value was $207 USD. The PV cells contributed with 60%, and the electric utility invoice was $78 USD. In these prototype homes is significantly diminishing electricity consumption in contrast to habitual housing. When energy efficiency is achieved as a first goal, the contribution of renewable energy becomes significant. However, for the PV systems, there is much to do, as combining lower investment with funding polices, because, when energy use is reduced, by energy efficiency and saving programs, customers have a subsidized electricity rate. We strongly recommend focus the subsidy for the users and not to the electricity rates. The way to use energy and habits of user, impacts significantly saving actions and energy efficient and the development of renewable energy. It is not easy to compare houses with different family behaviors. We recommend carry out energy education programs, to induce the market for energy saving and renewable. The monitoring allowed a better assessment of current performance of photovoltaic modulus and inverters, and the effects of temperature; radiation changes due to shade and clouds; dust on surfaces, and of the quality and stability of the supply lines (voltage variations), over their behavior and efficiency. Finally, field experiences will help to develop non-invasive systems, using telemetry of data and control commands, which must be combined with the design of house facilities in such a way forward to smart systems.

scholarly journals Using sustainable development tools for solving property rights in Montenegro

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 127-131
Author(s):  
Jelena Janjusevic
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Use Of Space ◽  
Energy Efficiency Measures ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Integrated Policy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Negative Impacts

In recent months Montenegro has been faced with serious budget problems , one proposed solution of which has been to reduce the number of employees in state administration. Additionally, the costs of living are above the disposable budget of most households, in particular the high cost of electricity. While the government warns about a lack of electricity, the citizens are hardly in the position to cover these costs. Montenegro is dealing with the double challenge of inefficient use of space (the country features over 100,000 illegal homes)(I don’t understand the link between inefficient use of space and illegal homes) and inefficient energy use (Montenegro needs an average of 8.5 times more energy per unit produced than an average EU country). How can these problems be solved in a way which pleases both sides? In this paper, an approach is presented which links the solving of the problem of illegal construction with increasing the level of energy efficiency in households, businesses and other facilities. There is a model developed by UNDP Montenegro – an integrated policy solution to the double challenge of providing energy efficiency measures to incentivise households to legalise their homes. The legalisation of illegal buildings by the introduction of mandatory energy efficiency measures in them may at the same time result in an increase of revenue to the central and local budgets, the reduction of negative impacts on the environment, an increase in employment, the engagement of the economy, a reduction of electricity consumption and thereby to reduce the need to import electricity, and ultimately the increased welfare of the population.

Evaluation of H.R. 2454’s Potential Impacts on Texas’s Electricity Profile Using the Rosenfeld Effect as a Basis for Evaluation

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa C. Lott ◽  
Michael E. Webber
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Federal Standard ◽  
Renewable Electricity Generation ◽  
And Shifts

The American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009 (H.R. 2454) introduces a combined federal standard for efficiency and renewable electricity. This standard requires utilities to supply a portion of their customer’s demand using energy efficiency measures and renewable electricity generation. (1) This manuscript discusses an analysis conducted on the effect of H.R. 2454 on Texas’s electricity generation mix. In order to benchmark the net opportunity for energy efficiency, this analysis includes the historical trends in electricity consumption by sector and per capita for two states, Texas and California. This manuscript contains discussion on findings in two key areas. First, the overall consumption patterns seen historically in Texas compared to California including key differences found in each sector: residential, industrial and commercial/other. Second, the factors that contributed to these patterns including policy mechanisms, technological advances, and shifts in industry that contributed to these patterns. These findings are then applied to electricity consumption and generation mix projections in Texas. Evaluating these projections reveals the potential environmental impacts of H.R. 2454 on Texas.

Electricity consumption and economic growth in ASEAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ghazali Ismail ◽  
Arlinah Abd Rashid ◽  
Azlina Hanif
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Panel Estimation ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship and causality direction between electricity consumption and economic growth is an important issue in the fields of energy economics and policies towards energy use. Extensive literatures has discussed the issue, but the array of findings provides anything but consensus on either the existence of relations or direction of causality between the variables. This study extends research in this area by studying the long-run and causal relations between economic growth, electricity consumption, labour and capital based on the neo-classical one sector aggregate production technology mode using data of electricity consumption and real GDP for ASEAN from the year 1983 to 2012. The analysis is conducted using advanced panel estimation approaches and found no causality in the short run while in the long-run, the results indicate that there are bidirectional relationship among variables. This study provides supplementary evidences of relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth in ASEAN.

scholarly journals Statistical and machine learning models for optimizing energy in parallel applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1079-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Endrei ◽  
Chao Jin ◽  
Minh Ngoc Dinh ◽  
David Abramson ◽  
Heidi Poxon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Parallel Applications ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Machine Learning Models

Rising power costs and constraints are driving a growing focus on the energy efficiency of high performance computing systems. The unique characteristics of a particular system and workload and their effect on performance and energy efficiency are typically difficult for application users to assess and to control. Settings for optimum performance and energy efficiency can also diverge, so we need to identify trade-off options that guide a suitable balance between energy use and performance. We present statistical and machine learning models that only require a small number of runs to make accurate Pareto-optimal trade-off predictions using parameters that users can control. We study model training and validation using several parallel kernels and more complex workloads, including Algebraic Multigrid (AMG), Large-scale Atomic Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator, and Livermore Unstructured Lagrangian Explicit Shock Hydrodynamics. We demonstrate that we can train the models using as few as 12 runs, with prediction error of less than 10%. Our AMG results identify trade-off options that provide up to 45% improvement in energy efficiency for around 10% performance loss. We reduce the sample measurement time required for AMG by 90%, from 13 h to 74 min.

scholarly journals Energy Policies at Crossroads − Will Europe's 2030 targets and framework be in line with the Paris Climate Agreement?

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Rainer Hinrichs-Rahlwes
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
New Governance ◽  
Energy Policies ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Legislative Proposals ◽  
Paris Climate Agreement ◽  
The Eu

In November 2016, the European Commission presented the Clean-Energy-for-all-Europeans Package. It consists of eight legislative proposals which should define targets and policy and regulatory frameworks for the EU's climate and energy policies up to 2030 and beyond. Recasts of the existing Renewable Energies Directive and the Energy Efficiency Directive, as well as proposals for a new energy market design, which should be fit for renewables, are among the key elements of the package, which aims at replacing the existing 2020-framework. The package includes 2030-targets for Greenhouse Gas Reduction (at least 40%), Energy Efficiency (at least 27/30%), and the share of Renewables in Gross Final Energy Consumption (at least 27%). In contrast to the 2020-framework, the EU-wide renewables-target would no longer be underpinned by binding national targets but should be reached in a joint effort with a new governance system. Since the proposal was submitted to the European Parliament and the European Council for the legislative procedures which must end in an agreement before the next elections for the European Parliament in 2019, controversial debates are taking place. The intention is to finalise the legal procedures before the end of 2018. Parliament and Council had planned to decide about their respective opinions about the various pieces by February 2018. Afterwards, probably not finished before the end of 2018, compromise negations will take place, before the whole package will eventually be accepted by both bodies. Among the most controversially discussed topics is the ambition level of the proposals and whether or not it is in line with the commitments signed by the EU and all its Member States in the context of the Paris Agreement. Industry stakeholders not only from the renewable energy sector and environmental NGOs have proposed significantly higher targets in order to stay “well below 2 °C” of global warming before the end of the century. They also suggested continuing binding national targets or − as a compromise − enacting a very strict governance system. I shall present and evaluate the state of play of the 2030-framework decision process. And I shall end with some policy recommendation still to be considered in the ongoing debate.

scholarly journals Impact of Passive Energy Efficiency Measures on Cooling Energy Demand in an Architectural Campus Building in Karachi, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7251
Author(s):  
Mushk Bughio ◽  
Muhammad Shoaib Khan ◽  
Waqas Ahmed Mahar ◽  
Thorsten Schuetze
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Energy Efficiency Measures ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cooling Energy Demand ◽  
Campus Building

Electric appliances for cooling and lighting are responsible for most of the increase in electricity consumption in Karachi, Pakistan. This study aims to investigate the impact of passive energy efficiency measures (PEEMs) on the potential reduction of indoor temperature and cooling energy demand of an architectural campus building (ACB) in Karachi, Pakistan. PEEMs focus on the building envelope’s design and construction, which is a key factor of influence on a building’s cooling energy demand. The existing architectural campus building was modeled using the building information modeling (BIM) software Autodesk Revit. Data related to the electricity consumption for cooling, building masses, occupancy conditions, utility bills, energy use intensity, as well as space types, were collected and analyzed to develop a virtual ACB model. The utility bill data were used to calibrate the DesignBuilder and EnergyPlus base case models of the existing ACB. The cooling energy demand was compared with different alternative building envelope compositions applied as PEEMs in the renovation of the existing exemplary ACB. Finally, cooling energy demand reduction potentials and the related potential electricity demand savings were determined. The quantification of the cooling energy demand facilitates the definition of the building’s electricity consumption benchmarks for cooling with specific technologies.

scholarly journals Evaluation of CO2 emissions and energy use with different container terminal layouts

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arif Budiyanto ◽  
Muhammad Hanzalah Huzaifi ◽  
Simon Juanda Sirait ◽  
Putu Hangga Nan Prayoga
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Container Terminal ◽  
Container Terminals ◽  
Future Planning ◽  
Container Handling

AbstractSustainable development of container terminals is based on energy efficiency and reduction in CO2 emissions. This study estimated the energy consumption and CO2 emissions in container terminals according to their layouts. Energy consumption was calculated based on utility data as well as fuel and electricity consumptions for each container-handling equipment in the container terminal. CO2 emissions were estimated using movement modality based on the number of movements of and distance travelled by each container-handling equipment. A case study involving two types of container terminal layouts i.e. parallel and perpendicular layouts, was conducted. The contributions of each container-handling equipment to the energy consumption and CO2 emissions were estimated and evaluated using statistical analysis. The results of the case study indicated that on the CO2 emissions in parallel and perpendicular layouts were relatively similar (within the range of 16–19 kg/TEUs). These results indicate that both parallel and perpendicular layouts are suitable for future ports based on sustainable development. The results can also be used for future planning of operating patterns and layout selection in container terminals.

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