scholarly journals Evolution of Solar Energy in Chile: Residential Opportunities in Arica and Parinacota

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 551
Author(s):  
Claudia Moraga-Contreras ◽  
Lorena Cornejo-Ponce ◽  
Patricia Vilca-Salinas ◽  
Edgar Estupiñan ◽  
Alejandro Zuñiga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Barriers And Opportunities ◽  
The City ◽  
Residential Projects

Chile has set itself to achieve Greenhouse Gas emission neutrality, with at least 70% of electricity coming from renewable energy sources by 2050. To this end, institutional and regulatory frameworks have been improved, resulting in significant progress in medium and large-scale projects. However, solar energy production at residential level and its surplus injection to all distribution networks has been very limited. This paper analyzes the evolution of the regulatory energy policies in Chile in order to contrast it with an economic evaluation of residential projects. The analysis focuses on the city of Arica, one of the highest potential regions in terms of solar energy within the country. There, a particularly low penetration of residential solar energy usage has been observed. Based on the current situation, projections are made for Arica in 2050, through the identification of barriers and opportunities on a residential scale development. According to some recommendations, there is the need to design policies that take into account the particular characteristics of each region within the country.

scholarly journals Evaluation of GIS based Ranking and AHP methods in selecting the most suitable site: A case study in Kayseri, Turkey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Akif Günen
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Suitable Site ◽  
Poor Site

Abstract Demand for renewable energy sources is increasing since traditional energy sources (i.e., coal, oil, and natural gas) have limited reserves and cause high greenhouse gas emission. Suitable site selection for new generation renewable resources is vital in large-scale projects. In this paper, suitable sites for solar photovoltaic (PV) power plants were selected for a Kayseri, Turkey case. Geographic information systems and multi criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods were integrated to exploit and construct the best location for solar PV power plants. In this context, three main, twelve sub-criteria, and their indicators were determined by considering expert opinion and previous studies. The rank based (i.e., rank sum, rank reciprocal weights, and rank order centroid weights) and analytical hierarchical process (AHP) methods were used to determine the weights of the criteria. The suitability maps created according to the calculated weights were divided into 5 levels (i.e., excellent, good, fair, low, poor site). To compare the success of MCDM methods, 33 existing installed PV power plants were randomly selected and used for validation. It was determined that the rank reciprocal method was the most successful in selection of the most suitable site. Four MCDM methods determined that the Sarız, Tomarza, and Incesu districts of Kayseri were the most suitable sites.

scholarly journals Experimental studies on the hybrid system of heat and cold production from solar energy

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (6 Part B) ◽  
pp. 2827-2835
Author(s):  
Stanislaw Gil ◽  
Boguslaw Gradon ◽  
Wojciech Bialik
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
The Impact

In recent years more and more energy is consumed in the European Union countries for summer air conditioning in buildings. This consumption will probably increase even more due to the predicted climate warming and the desire to improve the quality of life. At present final energy as heat and electricity is sourced mainly from fossil fuels. However, recently alternative renewable energy sources are increasingly taken into account as a result of efforts toward environmental protection and fuels savings. This paper presents results of the analysis of a hybrid solar-assisted heating and cooling system for buildings in the temperate climate of west and central Europe. Solar energy potential was estimated. The investigation was performed using a large scale laboratory installation, which contains an evacuated solar collector, a single-stage NH3-H2O absorption chiller and a hot water tank. The impact of the main system parameters on its performance was analyzed on the basis of energy balances.

scholarly journals Statistical Machine Learning Model for Uncertainty Planning of Distributed Renewable Energy Sources in Distribution Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueqian Fu ◽  
Xianping Wu ◽  
Nian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Programming ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Point Estimation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Order Moment ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
New Energy

New energy power systems with high-permeability photovoltaic and wind power are high-dimensional dynamic large-scale systems with nonlinear, uncertain and complex operating characteristics. The uncertainty of new energies creates challenges in detailed analyses of operating conditions and the efficient planning of distribution networks. Probabilistic power flows (PPFs) are effective tools for uncertainty analyses of distribution networks, and they can be applied in stochastic programming, risk assessment and other fields. We propose different forms of PPFs, which are origin moments rather than means and variances, based on point estimation. We design a stochastic programming model suitable for new energy planning in practice, and the PPF results can be used to improve energy stochastic programming methods by considering the principle of maximum entropy (POME) and quadratic fourth-order moment (QFM) estimation. The origin moments of PPFs are transformed into central moments as inputs of QFM based on probability theory. QFM can efficiently estimate the constraint probability levels of stochastic optimal planning models, and the proposed method is verified based on an IEEE 33-node distribution network.

scholarly journals The Knowledge of People About the Use of Renewable Energy and Environmental Awareness in Their Area, Irbid Governorate as a Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-371
Author(s):  
Samia Ayyoub Salim Ayyoub ◽  
Nuha Mahmoud Mesleh Radaydeh
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Photovoltaic Cells ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Energy System ◽  
The North ◽  
The Government

In the global effort to curb energy consumption and promote a sustainable lifestyle for our societies, we must strive to lower our energy needs in all aspects of our lives. One of the biggest contributors to our energy requirements are the buildings we spend most of our time inside. Buildings’ energy consumption can take many forms, such as, air conditioning, heating, ventilation, and lighting systems in order to create a comfortable environment for the users. One way of reducing buildings’ energy consumption is the use of renewable resource for energy. The main aim of this research is to measure and assess the public perceptions, knowledge and awareness of the concept of renewable energy, with specific regards to the use of solar photovoltaic cells, as well as investigate the desire to spend on the installation of renewable energy sources. Data was collected through a survey questionnaire applied in Irbid governorate in the north of Jordan. The statistical SPSS program was used to analyze closed-ended questionnaires and obtain numerical results based on arithmetical averages and percentages. The results show people are adequately aware of the benefits of renewable energy and most would like to have photovoltaic cells installed. However, 54.35% of the study sample live in apartments and do not have the space for the installation. 70.1% are open to the idea of sharing the solar energy system with their neighbors. 50% thought that the photovoltaic cells affected the aesthetics of the architecture style of the buildings especially the more traditional styles. It is concluded that the government needs to build a large-scale solar energy project to sustainably produce electricity instead of relying on individuals who generally lack the ability or the space for such systems, taking in note that the general public supports such concepts.

Practical Estimation of Minimum Night Flow in Water Distribution Networks: Large-scale Application to the City of Patras in Western Greece

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios V. Serafeim ◽  
Irene Karathanasi ◽  
George Kokosalakis ◽  
Roberto Deidda ◽  
Andreas Langousis
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Flow Data ◽  
Point Estimates ◽  
Minimum Night Flow ◽  
The City ◽  
Nominal Resolution ◽  
Western Greece

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>In the present work we develop and test a non-parametric statistical methodology to obtain point estimates of Minimum Night Flow (MNF) in Water Distribution Networks (WDNs). The methodology constitutes a simplified version of the approach of Serafeim et al. (2021) for confidence interval estimation of background losses in WDNs, that simultaneously analyzes all night flow measurements, producing robust estimates independent of the nominal resolution of the available data.</p><p>In addition to being simpler to apply and computationally more efficient, the developed method can be applied to any WDN independent of its size, age and overall condition, its  specific geometric characteristics (intensity of altimetry, average diameter etc.), inlet/operating pressures, and the nominal resolution of the flow data.</p><p>The effectiveness of the method is tested via a large-scale application to the WDN of the City of Patras in western Greece, which consists of 79 Pressure Management Areas (PMAs) with more than 700 km of pipeline grid. To do so, we use flow data at 1 min temporal resolution, provided by the Municipal Enterprise of Water Supply and Sewerage of the City of Patras, for the 4-month winter period from 01 November 2018 – 28 February 2019, which are progressively averaged to coarser temporal resolutions, in an effort to test the sensitivity of the developed method to the nominal resolution of the data.  </p><p>The obtained point estimates of MNF are assessed on the basis of the confidence intervals obtained by the approach of Serafeim et al. (2021), highlighting the accuracy and robustness of a simple non-parametric approach in providing MNF point estimates at a minimum of effort.</p><p><strong>Acknowledgements</strong></p><p>The research work was supported by the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (H.F.R.I.) under the “First Call for H.F.R.I. Research Projects to support Faculty members and Researchers and the procurement of high-cost research equipment grant” (Project Number: 1162).</p><p><strong>References</strong></p><p>Serafeim, A.V., G. Kokosalakis, R. Deidda, I. Karathanasi and A. Langousis, (2021) Probabilistic Estimation of Minimum Night Flow in Water Distribution Networks: Large-scale Application to the City of Patras in Western Greece (submitted).</p>

scholarly journals A Review on Solar Thermal Utilization for Industrial Heating and Cooling Processes: Global and Ethiopian Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-256
Author(s):  
Yacob Gebreyohannes ◽  
Mulu Bayray ◽  
Johan Lauwaert
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Solar Cooling ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Industrial Heating

A substantial share of the total energy in various countries is consumed by industries and manufacturing sectors. Most of the energy is used for low and medium temperature process heating (up to 3000C) as well as low and medium cooling capacity (up to 350kW). To meet the demand, the industrial sector consumes most of its energy in either thermal (heat) or electrical energy forms. The use of fossil fuels accounts for about half of the overall share. This resulted in a necessity to commercialize local and clean renewable energy sources efficiently considering the reduction of economic dependence on fossil fuels and greenhouse gases emission. As such, solar energy has proven potential and resulted in considerable development and deployment of solar heating industrial processes (SHIP) and solar cooling systems in recent times. Thus, an attempt to present a review of the available literature on overall energy intensiveness, process temperature levels, solar technology match, and solar thermal system performance and cost have been made in this paper. The review also includes identifying the potential and relevance of involving solar thermal for industrial heating and cooling demand. As a result, at least 624 SHIP including promising large-scale plants and 1350 solar cooling systems most of them in small and medium capacities in operation are identified. Though limited data is available for solar cooling potential and installation, investigations projected the global SHIP potential to 5.6 EJ for 2050. Consequently, given the presence of many low and medium temperature heating processes and cooling capacities in industries with immense solar energy potential, developing counties such as Ethiopia can take experience and pay attention to the development of sustainable industrial systems.

Cost Effective Synthesis and Fabrication of Phase-Pure Kesterite Cu2-xZn1.3SnS4 P-type Absorber Layer Thin Films by Solvent Based Process Technique for Photovoltaic Solar Energy Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
B. Khadambari ◽  
S. S. Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Absorber Layer ◽  
Window Layer ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Process Technique ◽  
Absorber Material ◽  
Effective Synthesis ◽  
P Type

Solar has become one of the fastest growing renewable energy sources. With the push towards sustainability it is an excellent solution to resolve the issue of our diminishing finite resources. Alternative photovoltaic systems are of much importance to utilize solar energy efficiently. The Cu-chalcopyrite compounds CuInS2 and CuInSe2 and their alloys provide absorber material of high absorption coefficients of the order of 105 cm-1. Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is more promising material for photovoltaic applications as Zn and Sn are abundant materials of earth’s crust. Further, the preparation of CZTS-ink facilitates the production of flexible solar cells. The device can be designed with Al doped ZnO as the front contact, n-type window layer (e.g. intrinsic ZnO); an n-type thin film buffer layer (e.g. CdS) and a p-type CZTS absorber layer with Molybdenum (Mo) substrate as back contact. In this study, CZTS films were synthesized by a non-vaccum solvent based process technique from a molecular-ink using a non toxic eco-friendly solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The deposited CZTS films were optimized and characterized by XRD, UV-visible spectroscopy and SEM.

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