scholarly journals Photobiomodulation for Taste Alteration

Encyclopedia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 240-248
Author(s):  
Marwan El Mobadder ◽  
Samir Nammour
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Or Management ◽  
Oral Complications ◽  
Infrared Wavelengths ◽  
Oral Complication ◽  
Taste Alteration

Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy employs light at red and near-infrared wavelengths to modulate biological activity. The therapeutic effect of PBM for the treatment or management of several diseases and injuries has gained significant popularity among researchers and clinicians, especially for the management of oral complications of cancer therapy. This entry focuses on the current evidence on the use of PBM for the management of a frequent oral complication due to cancer therapy—taste alteration.

scholarly journals Photobiomodulation Therapy in the Treatment of Oral Mucositis, Dysphagia, Oral Dryness, Taste Alteration, and Burning Mouth Sensation Due to Cancer Therapy: A Case Series

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 4505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwan El Mobadder ◽  
Fadi Farhat ◽  
Wassim El Mobadder ◽  
Samir Nammour
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Oral Mucositis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Oral Complications ◽  
Oral Dryness ◽  
Burning Mouth ◽  
Taste Alteration ◽  
Burning Mouth Sensation

Oral complications of cancer therapy, such as oral dryness, dysphagia, and taste alteration, are associated with a negative impact in the quality of life of the patients. Few supportive care measures are available for such complications. This case series reveals the effectiveness of the photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy when used in a specific protocol and parameters, in the management of oral complications related to cancer therapy. Dysphagia was measured using the functional outcome swallowing scale for staging oropharyngeal dysphagia (FOSS). Oral mucositis was measured according to the National Cancer Institute scale. The quantity of the whole resting and stimulated saliva was measured in order to assess the oral dryness. In addition, the taste alteration was measured according to a protocol suggested by the International Standards organization (ISO). Sensation of burning mouth was measured using a visual analogue scale. These measurements were made before treatment, during, and at the end of the treatment. Diode laser 635 nm was used in 3 J/cm2. Five sessions interleaved with 24 h breaks were conducted for the dysphagia and oral dryness, and 10 sessions were conducted for the taste alteration and burning mouth sensation. Regardless of the limitations of this case series, PBM can be considered safe, time saving, and a promising approach for the management of the oral complications due to cancer therapy and the quality of life of cancer patients.

Near Infrared Photothermal Conversion Materials: Mechanism, Preparation and Photothermal Cancer Therapy Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Li ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Wenhui Ji ◽  
Jiqing Wang ◽  
Nanxiang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Photothermal Conversion ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Good Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Conversion Materials ◽  
Localized Treatment

Photothermal therapy (PTT) has been widely applied in cancer therapy as a result of its non-invasive, localized treatment and good therapeutic effect. In general, the final therapeutic effect of PTT...

scholarly journals Recent Near-Infrared Light-Activated Nanomedicine toward Precision Cancer Therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Luan ◽  
Yongchun Pan ◽  
Yanfeng Gao ◽  
Yujun Song
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Near Infrared Light ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Universe

Light has witnessed the history of mankind and even the universe. It is of great significances to the life of human society, contributing to energy, agriculture, communication, and much more....

Bi19S27I3 nanorods: a new candidate for photothermal therapy in the first and second biological near-infrared windows

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinsong Xiong ◽  
Qinghuan Bian ◽  
Shuijin Lei ◽  
Yatian Deng ◽  
Kehan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Research Interest ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nir Light ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Key Factor

Near-infrared (NIR) light induced photothermal cancer therapy using nanomaterials as photothermal agents has attracted considerable research interest over the past few years. As the key factor in the photothermal therapy...

scholarly journals Electromechanically reconfigurable optical nano-kirigami

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Chen ◽  
Zhiguang Liu ◽  
Huifeng Du ◽  
Chengchun Tang ◽  
Chang-Yin Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Si Substrate ◽  
High Modulation ◽  
Gold Nanostructure ◽  
Infrared Wavelengths ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Nano Electromechanical System

AbstractKirigami, with facile and automated fashion of three-dimensional (3D) transformations, offers an unconventional approach for realizing cutting-edge optical nano-electromechanical systems. Here, we demonstrate an on-chip and electromechanically reconfigurable nano-kirigami with optical functionalities. The nano-electromechanical system is built on an Au/SiO2/Si substrate and operated via attractive electrostatic forces between the top gold nanostructure and bottom silicon substrate. Large-range nano-kirigami like 3D deformations are clearly observed and reversibly engineered, with scalable pitch size down to 0.975 μm. Broadband nonresonant and narrowband resonant optical reconfigurations are achieved at visible and near-infrared wavelengths, respectively, with a high modulation contrast up to 494%. On-chip modulation of optical helicity is further demonstrated in submicron nano-kirigami at near-infrared wavelengths. Such small-size and high-contrast reconfigurable optical nano-kirigami provides advanced methodologies and platforms for versatile on-chip manipulation of light at nanoscale.

scholarly journals Hormones in international meat production: biological, sociological and consumer issues

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Galbraith
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Free Radical Damage ◽  
Endogenous Production ◽  
Human Pathology

AbstractBeef and its products are an important source of nutrition in many human societies. Methods of production vary and include the use of hormonal compounds (‘hormones’) to increase growth and lean tissue with reduced fat deposition in cattle. The hormonal compounds are naturally occurring in animals or are synthetically produced xenobiotics and have oestrogenic (oestradiol-17β and its esters; zeranol), androgenic (testosterone and esters; trenbolone acetate) or progestogenic (progesterone; melengestrol acetate) activity. The use of hormones as production aids is permitted in North American countries but is no longer allowed in the European Union (EU), which also prohibits the importation of beef and its products derived from hormone-treated cattle. These actions have resulted in a trade dispute between the two trading blocs. The major concern for EU authorities is the possibility of adverse effects on human consumers of residues of hormones and metabolites. Methods used to assess possible adverse effects are typical of those used by international agencies to assess acceptability of chemicals in human food. These include analysis of quantities present in the context of known biological activity and digestive, absorptive, post-absorptive and excretory processes. Particular considerations include the low quantities of hormonal compounds consumed in meat products and their relationships to endogenous production particularly in prepubertal children, enterohepatic inactivation, cellular receptor- and non-receptor-mediated effects and potential for interference with growth, development and physiological function in consumers. There is particular concern about the role of oestradiol-17β as a carcinogen in certain tissues. Now subject to a ‘permanent’ EU ban, current evidence suggests that certain catechol metabolites may induce free-radical damage of DNA in cell and laboratory animal test systems. Classical oestrogen-receptor mediation is considered to stimulate proliferation in cells maintaining receptivity. Mathematical models describing quantitative relationships between consumption of small amounts of oestrogens in meat in addition to greater concentrations from endogenous production, chemical stoichiometry at cellular level and human pathology have not been developed. Such an approach will be necessary to establish ‘molecular materiality’ of the additional hormone intake as a component of relative risk assessment. The other hormones, although generally less well researched, are similarly subject to a range of tests to determine potentially adverse effects. The resulting limited international consensus relates to the application of the ‘precautionary principle’ and non-acceptance by the European Commission of the recommendations of the Codex Alimentarius Commission, which determined that meat from cattle, hormone-treated according to good practice, was safe for human consumers. The present review considers the hormone issue in the context of current international social methodology and regulation, recent advances in knowledge of biological activity of hormones and current status of science-based evaluation of food safety and risk for human consumers.

scholarly journals The effects of exercise training on muscle oxygenation of patients with intermittent claudication

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Chatzinikolaou ◽  
N Cornelis ◽  
J Claes ◽  
R Buys ◽  
I Fourneau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intermittent Claudication ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Muscle Oxygenation ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Test Time ◽  
Treadmill Test ◽  
Walking Capacity

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background. Intermittent claudication (IC) is characterized by a cramp-like pain during walking caused by insufficient blood flow to the lower limbs during exercise. The walking impairment caused by IC can lead to a vicious cycle of physical inactivity, decreased quality of life and progression of cardiovascular risk factors. Although current evidence supports the benefits of walking training to increase walking capacity, little is known about its effect on muscle oxygenation in this population. Purpose. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a hybrid 12-week walking program (combined center- and home-based walking) on muscle oxygenation of IC patients. Methods. Thirty-seven patients with IC were enrolled of which 33 completed follow-up measurements (age 71 ± 9 yrs, body mass index 26 ± 4 kg/m2, ankle brachial index (ABI) 0.7 ± 0.2) after the 12-week intervention. Outcome measures were pain-free walking capacity (PFWC), maximal walking capacity (MWC) and calf muscle oxygenation, respectively evaluated using a submaximal treadmill test, a Gardner treadmill test and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Results. After the 12-week intervention, significantly higher values (reported as median and interquartiles) for PFWC (162 m [122, 217] to 272 m [150, 401]; p < 0.001) and MWC (458 m [260, 638] to 611 m [333, 840]; p < 0.001) were observed. As shown in Table 1, NIRS data measured during the submaximal walking test showed an increased availability of oxygenated hemoglobin (p = 0.048) and decreased deoxyhemoglobin (p = 0.013), while total hemoglobin remained unchanged after the 12-week intervention. During the Gardner test, time to reach minimum tissue saturation index (TSI%) increased (p < 0.001), yet no change was noted on minimum TSI during exercise, despite increased MWC. Despite a trend towards faster recovery times, no significant changes were observed after the 12-week intervention. Conclusion. Hybrid walking exercise therapy improves deoxygenation kinetics and walking capacity in IC patients. Increased availability of oxygenated hemoglobin might underly the improvement in walking capacity.

Remotely Delivered Monitoring and Management of Diabetes-Related Foot Disease: An Overview of Systematic Reviews

2021 ◽  
pp. 193229682110124
Author(s):  
Aaron Drovandi ◽  
Shannon Wong ◽  
Leonard Seng ◽  
Benjamin Crowley ◽  
Chanika Alahakoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Limb Amputation ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Or Management ◽  
Foot Disease ◽  
Poor Reporting

Background: Diabetes-related foot disease (DFD) management requires input from multiple healthcare professionals, and has worse outcomes for people living in remote localities by comparison to urban areas. Remotely delivered healthcare may reduce this disparity. This overview summarizes current evidence on the effectiveness, stakeholder perceptions, and cost-effectiveness of remotely delivered healthcare for DFD. Methods: A search of 5 databases was conducted to identify systematic reviews published between January 2000 and June 2020. Eligible reviews were those evaluating remotely delivered monitoring or management of patients at risk of or with active DFD, or clinicians managing these patients. Risk of bias was assessed using the AMSTAR-2 tool. Results: Eight reviews were eligible for inclusion, including 88 primary studies and 8509 participants, of which 36 studies involving 4357 participants evaluated remotely delivered monitoring or management of DFD. Only one review had a low risk of bias, with most reviews demonstrating limited search strategies and poor reporting of participants. Evidence on effectiveness was mixed, with meta-analyses demonstrating long-term ulcer healing and mortality were not significantly different between telehealth and standard care groups, although the lower-limb amputation rate was significantly decreased in one meta-analysis. Perceptions of telehealth by patients and clinicians were generally positive, whilst acknowledging limitations relating to access and use. Cost-effectiveness data were limited, with poor reporting preventing clear conclusions. Conclusions: Remotely delivered healthcare of DFD is well received by patients and clinicians, but its effectiveness is unclear. High quality trials are needed to evaluate the risks and benefits of remotely delivered DFD management.

scholarly journals Erratum to “Near-infrared responsive 5-fluorouracil and indocyanine green loaded MPEG-PCL nanoparticle integrated with dissolvable microneedle for skin cancer therapy” [Bioact. Mater. 5 (2020) 542–552]

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 297-298
Author(s):  
Ying Hao ◽  
YuWen Chen ◽  
XinLong He ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
RuXia Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Indocyanine Green ◽  
Near Infrared

Biodegradable Nano-photosensitizer with Photoactivatable Singlet Oxygen Generation for Synergistic Phototherapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaxin Shen ◽  
Dandan Chen ◽  
Ye Liu ◽  
Guoyang Gao ◽  
Zhihe Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Singlet Oxygen ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Promising Method ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Oxygen Generation ◽  
Singlet Oxygen Generation ◽  
Nir Light

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising method for cancer therapy and also may initiate unexpected damages to normal cells and tissues. Herein, we developed a near-infrared (NIR) light-activatable nanophotosensitizer, which...

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