Does Drought Stress on Seedlings Have Longer Term Effects on Sapling Phenology, Reshooting, Growth and Plant Architecture in Quercus robur, Q. petraea and Their Morphological Intermediates?

Background and Objectives: Summer droughts are expected to increase in central and western Europe both in terms of frequency and intensity, justifying studies on longer term legacies of drought stress on tree species and their hybrids. Materials and Methods: We studied the longer-term after effects of water withholding and re-watering in the first growing season of potted seedlings from the sympatric species Quercus robur L., Q. petraea (Matt.) Liebl. and their morphological intermediates. Phenology, growth, and plant architecture were examined after a cut-back of the stems at the end of the third growing season. Results: The legacy of the first-year water limitation is faded in the phenological response. Nonetheless, leaf senescence occurred later in offspring from Q. robur than in offspring from Q. petraea at the end of the fourth growing season and leafing out tended to be later in the subsequent growing season. Offspring from the intermediate forms displayed variable phenological responses. Height and radial growth were still affected by the drought stress in a taxon-dependent way, with the offspring from Q. petraea displaying growth reduction both in height and diameter, whereas offspring from Q. robur did not show any differences anymore between control and treated plants, demonstrating better post-stress recovery in Q. robur. Offspring from morphological intermediates responded again in a variable way. Although the number of reshoots after cutting back the stems was not affected anymore by the drought treatment in the first growing season, the number of side shoots on the reshoots was still reduced in the drought treated group of plants, independent of the taxon of the mother tree. Conclusions: Together, our results demonstrate the longer-lasting effects of drought stress on oak saplings with regard to growth and plant architecture, with the first being taxon dependent.

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Drought Treated Seedlings of Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl., Q. robur L. and Their Morphological Intermediates Show Differential Radial Growth and Wood Anatomical Traits

Forests ◽

10.3390/f11020250 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 250

Author(s):

Kristine Vander Mijnsbrugge ◽

Arion Turcsán ◽

Éva Erdélyi ◽

Hans Beeckman

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Radial Growth ◽

Explanatory Power ◽

Ring Width ◽

Growing Season ◽

Quercus Petraea ◽

Ring Closure ◽

Drought Treatment ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Earlywood Vessels

Background and Objectives: Studying responses in woody plants upon water limitation is gaining importance due to the predicted increase in frequency and intensity of droughts in Europe. We studied the variation in radial growth and in wood anatomical traits caused by water limited growth conditions in offspring from Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl., Q. robur L. and their morphological intermediates grown in the same environment. Materials and Methods: Cross sections were prepared from the stems of 210 three-year-old potted seedlings, comprising control plants and seedlings that experienced from late spring until early autumn of the first growing season two sequential periods of water with-holding each followed by plentiful re-watering. Pith radius, ring width of the three growing seasons and latewood vessel diameter in second and third growing season were measured. Presence of intra-annual density fluctuations, dendritic patterns of latewood vessels and the level of ring closure of earlywood vessels were observed. The traits were modelled to examine the explanatory power of the taxon of the mother tree and the drought treatment. Results: Most of the traits displayed significant differences between offspring from Q. petraea and Q. robur and offspring from the morphological intermediates behaved inconsistent among the traits. Most of the traits were significantly affected by the drought stress in the first growing season. Apart from radial growth, also latewood vessel size was reduced in the two growing seasons following the year in which drought was imposed on the seedlings, suggesting an adaptation to improve the tolerance to drought stress. We also found an indication for a compensation growth mechanism, counteracting the lost growing time during the drought stress, as the level of ring closure of the earlywood vessels in the year following the drought treatment was further advanced in the treated seedlings, an effect that disappeared in the subsequent year. Conclusion: Oaks exposed to drought adapt their growth and xylem structure to improve drought resistance. While youth growth of Q. robur is more competition-oriented, with a faster juvenile growth, Q. petraea seems to invest more in a precautious growth, being more prepared for stressful conditions. It is therefore possible that Q. robur seedlings may suffer more from intensified droughts than Q. petraea seedlings.

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Quantitative Lasting Effects of Drought Stress at a Growth Stage on Soybean Evapotranspiration and Aboveground BIOMASS

Water ◽

10.3390/w13010018 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 18

Author(s):

Yi Cui ◽

Shaowei Ning ◽

Juliang Jin ◽

Shangming Jiang ◽

Yuliang Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Aboveground Biomass ◽

Growth Stage ◽

Biomass Yield ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Agricultural Drought ◽

Drought Risk ◽

After Effects ◽

Effects Of Drought ◽

High Biomass Yield

Quantifying the lasting effects of drought stress on crop growth is a theoretical basis for revealing agricultural drought risk mechanism and formulating adaptive irrigation strategies. Based on two-season pot experiments of soybean in the Huaibei Plain, quantitative responses of plant evapotranspiration and aboveground biomass at each growth stage from a drought were carried out. The results showed that drought stress at a certain stage of soybean not only significantly reduced the current evapotranspiration and aboveground biomass accumulation during this stage, compared with full irrigation, but also generated the after-effects, which resulted in the reductions of evapotranspiration and biomass accumulation at the subsequent periods. Furthermore, the damaged transpiration and growth mechanism caused by drought gradually recovered through the rewatering later, and the compensation phenomenon even occurred. Nevertheless, the specific recovery effect was decided by both the degree and period of drought before. It is practical to implement deficit irrigation at the seedling and branching stages, but the degree should be controlled. Meanwhile, it is crucial to ensure sufficient water supply during the reproductive growth phase, especially at the flowering and pod-enlargement stage, to guarantee a normal transpiration function and a high biomass yield for soybeans in the Huaibei Plain.

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The role of calcium in drought stress response induced through antioxidant activity in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) seedlings

E-Journal Menara Perkebunan ◽

10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v89i1.425 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 89 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Endah NURWAHYUNI ◽

Eka Tarwaca Susila PUTRA

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Essential Element ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽

Drought Treatment ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Effects Of Drought

Oil palm productivity in Indonesia faces challenges related to drought that occur during the dry season. Calcium is an element that plays a role in determining the response of plant resistance to drought through biochemical activity. This study aims to determine the contribution of calcium in biochemical mechanisms involving various antioxidants. The treatment was arranged in factorial of 3 x 4 in a split-plot design. The first factor was calcium dosage, which consisted of 0 g (control/without calcium), 0.04 g, 0.08 g, and 0.12 g of calcium per plant. The second factor was the intensity of drought stress, referred as the Fraction of Transpirable Soil Water (FTSW) at 1 (control/field capacity), 0.35 (moderate drought), and 0.15 (severe drought) with a week duration of intensity. Calcium was applied in a ring placement on four-month-old seedlings planted in 40 x 40 cm polybags with alfisol soil planting medium and given drought treatment two months later for three weeks. The results showed that calcium could induce plant response to drought through the increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, the decrease in hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) concentration, and the decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. The study concluded that calcium is an essential element used to reduce the effects of drought on oil palm seedlings through the change of biochemical activities regulated by enzymatic antioxidants.

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Effects of drought stress on antioxidant enzymes in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedlings

Bangladesh Journal of Botany ◽

10.3329/bjb.v50i5.56439 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 873-878

Author(s):

Zhengong Yin ◽

Xianxin Meng ◽

Qiang Wang ◽

Yifan Guo ◽

Shuhong Wei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Common Bean ◽

Physiological Mechanism ◽

Resistant Variety ◽

Efficient Production ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Common Beans ◽

Drought Treatment ◽

Effects Of Drought

Drought is one of the most severe environmental constraints which reduces common bean production worldwide. Exploration of the physiological mechanism of common bean under drought stress is important for the efficient production and variety selection of common beans. In the present study, non-droughtresistant variety (Longyundou10) and drought-resistant variety (Longyundou17) were identified to elucidate the effects of drought stress on antioxidant system of common beans at seedling stage. Under drought stress, APX and SOD activities showed a single peak curve that first increased and then decreased, and the dynamic changes of CAT and POD activities were more complicated. Under different levels of drought treatment, the average values of APX, SOD, CAT and POD activities of common bean were found to be higher than those of normal water conditions, and the average values were the highest under severe drought stress, indicating that these antioxidant enzymes were stimulated under drought stress. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 873-878, 2021 (September) Special

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Drought Impact on Leaf Phenology and Spring Frost Susceptibility in a Quercus robur L. Provenance Trial

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10010050 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 50 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ivica Čehulić ◽

Krunoslav Sever ◽

Ida Katičić Bogdan ◽

Anamarija Jazbec ◽

Željko Škvorc ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quercus Robur ◽

Late Spring ◽

Leaf Phenology ◽

Bud Burst ◽

Drought Treatment ◽

Spring Frost ◽

The Third ◽

Autumn Leaf ◽

Effects Of Drought ◽

The Impact

Research highlights: The susceptibility of oaks to late spring and early autumn frosts is directly related to their leaf phenology. Drought may alter the leaf phenology and therefore frost tolerance of oaks. However, the effects of drought on oak leaf phenology and frost resistance have not been thoroughly studied. Background and objectives: One of the consequences of climate change is an increase in the frequency of dry episodes during the vegetation period. Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) is an economically and ecologically important forest tree species that prefers humid habitats. Therefore, knowledge of the impact of drought on this species is of great importance for the adaptation of forestry strategies and practices to altered environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of drought on leaf phenology and spring frost susceptibility in nine provenances. Materials and methods: One-year-old saplings originating from nine European provenances were used in the trial. The saplings were exposed to experimental drought and then re-watered in two subsequent years. Spring and autumn leaf phenology were scored. The trial was impacted by a late spring frost in the third year, and the resulting leaf frost injury was scored. The effects of drought treatment on the phenology and frost susceptibility of plants from the provenances were analysed. Results: Leaf phenology of plants from most of the studied provenances was significantly influenced by the drought treatment (p < 0.001). Drought induced a carry-over effect on flushing phenology, which was observed as delayed bud burst (from 0.6 to 2.4 days) in the second year and as advanced bud burst (from 0.1 to 6.3 days) in the third year. Therefore, opposite shifts in flushing phenology may be induced as a result of differences in the time span when plants sense water deficits. In contrast to flushing, autumn leaf phenology was unambiguously delayed following the drought treatments for all studied provenances (from 2.1 to 25.8 days). Differences in late frost susceptibility were predominantly caused by among-provenance differences in flushing phenology. However, the drought treatment significantly increased frost susceptibility in the plants (the rate of frost-injured plants per provenance increased from 3% to 78%). This higher susceptibility to spring frost was most likely caused by the advanced flushing phenology that resulted from the drought treatment in the previous year.

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Impact of transpiration rates on foliar silicon concentrations across a range of angiosperm species exposed to water stress.

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-7891 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Thomas Guzman ◽

Regis Burlett ◽

Camille Delvigne ◽

Camille Parise ◽

Sabrina Dubois ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Growing Season ◽

Plant Water ◽

Water Fluxes ◽

Evergreen Species ◽

Positive Effects ◽

First Results ◽

Effects Of Drought ◽

The Relationship

<p>It is widely observed that silicon availability (Si) can enhance plant growth and increase the tolerance of plants to a range of biotic and abiotic stresses, although the specific mechanisms underlying these positive effects are not always understood. Silicon is acquired by plants both actively via transporters located in roots and/or passively as plants transport water during transpiration. The relative importance of each of these mechanisms depends strongly on the plant species and the level of stress experienced by the plant. Currently there is a lively debate in the literature regarding the relationship between plant Si accumulation and transpiration rates. Rates of transpiration can affect the amount of Si moving through a plant and in turn the concentration of available Si in soils can make the plant less vulnerable to the effects of drought stress. In order to better understand these relationships between plant water fluxes and Si accumulation in leaves, nine angiosperm tree species (from five families including both deciduous and evergreen species) were grown in a greenhouse and exposed to contrasting watering treatments. For each species, three trees were well watered throughout the growing season whilst three others were exposed to water stress. Whole plant transpiration fluxes were monitored continuously with balances, and pre-dawn leaf water potentials were measured regularly during the experiment. In addition the foliar Si concentrations of each plant were measured by ICP-AES after alkaline fusion both at the beginning and the middle of the growing season. In this presentation, we show our first results examining the relationship between leaf Si concentrations and plant water fluxes in contrasting species. We tested the hypothesis that drought stress significantly decreased the foliar Si concentration in all of the species measured and that foliar Si concentrations were correlated with the cumulative transpiration rates of plants and thus expected to increase significantly over the growing season.&#160;</p>

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