Drought Treated Seedlings of Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl., Q. robur L. and Their Morphological Intermediates Show Differential Radial Growth and Wood Anatomical Traits

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Kristine Vander Mijnsbrugge ◽  
Arion Turcsán ◽  
Éva Erdélyi ◽  
Hans Beeckman
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Ring Closure ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Earlywood Vessels

Background and Objectives: Studying responses in woody plants upon water limitation is gaining importance due to the predicted increase in frequency and intensity of droughts in Europe. We studied the variation in radial growth and in wood anatomical traits caused by water limited growth conditions in offspring from Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl., Q. robur L. and their morphological intermediates grown in the same environment. Materials and Methods: Cross sections were prepared from the stems of 210 three-year-old potted seedlings, comprising control plants and seedlings that experienced from late spring until early autumn of the first growing season two sequential periods of water with-holding each followed by plentiful re-watering. Pith radius, ring width of the three growing seasons and latewood vessel diameter in second and third growing season were measured. Presence of intra-annual density fluctuations, dendritic patterns of latewood vessels and the level of ring closure of earlywood vessels were observed. The traits were modelled to examine the explanatory power of the taxon of the mother tree and the drought treatment. Results: Most of the traits displayed significant differences between offspring from Q. petraea and Q. robur and offspring from the morphological intermediates behaved inconsistent among the traits. Most of the traits were significantly affected by the drought stress in the first growing season. Apart from radial growth, also latewood vessel size was reduced in the two growing seasons following the year in which drought was imposed on the seedlings, suggesting an adaptation to improve the tolerance to drought stress. We also found an indication for a compensation growth mechanism, counteracting the lost growing time during the drought stress, as the level of ring closure of the earlywood vessels in the year following the drought treatment was further advanced in the treated seedlings, an effect that disappeared in the subsequent year. Conclusion: Oaks exposed to drought adapt their growth and xylem structure to improve drought resistance. While youth growth of Q. robur is more competition-oriented, with a faster juvenile growth, Q. petraea seems to invest more in a precautious growth, being more prepared for stressful conditions. It is therefore possible that Q. robur seedlings may suffer more from intensified droughts than Q. petraea seedlings.

Weekly xylem production in trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) in response to artificial defoliation

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 590-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brin Jones ◽  
Jacques Tardif ◽  
Richard Westwood
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Significant Difference

The present study investigated the effect of artificial defoliation on weekly radial xylem production in trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). It was hypothesized that defoliated trees would show reduced xylem and vessel production and thinner secondary walls in fibres. Two adjacent natural forest sites were selected within Winnipeg, Manitoba. Microcores were extracted weekly from the stems of 30 aspen trees from May to October 2002. Ten aspen trees were defoliated using pole pruners between 22 June and 6 July. Measurements included weekly xylem increment, annual vessel characteristics, and late growing season fibre dimensions. No significant difference in overall ring width was observed; however, trees from both groups showed a significant reduction in ring width in 2002. The ratio of radial growth in 2002 / radial growth in 2001 was significantly less in defoliated trees, suggesting a higher reduction in radial growth due to defoliation. Sigmoidal regression models suggested early growth cessation in defoliated trees. No significant differences in vessel characteristics were observed between groups; however, the diameter and lumen width of fibres was significantly reduced in defoliated trees. It is speculated that a shorter radial growing season may have led to a reduced cell elongation period. An early cessation of the radial growing season associated with a reallocation of carbohydrates to produce a second flush of leaves could explain the reduced size of fibres from defoliated trees.Key words: wood anatomy, diffuse porous, image analysis, radial growth, cell dimension, dendrochronology.

False rings in jack pine and black spruce trees from eastern Manitoba as indicators of dry summers

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1722-1736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Hoffer ◽  
Jacques C. Tardif
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Juvenile Period ◽  
False Rings

False rings (FRs) are a tree-ring anomaly that can be used to better understand tree growth and potentially reconstruct past climatic events. The main objective of this study was to explore the association between FRs and climate, especially drought occurrence. Sampling was conducted in Nopiming Provincial Park. Wood cores were extracted from jack pine ( Pinus banksiana Lamb.) in five stands and from co-occurring black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) in three of these stands. After cross-dating, earlywood, latewood, and total ring width were measured on all cores. All FRs were identified, and their position within a tree ring was determined. Both species showed similar radial growth and FR patterns. Jack pine and to a lesser extent black spruce both showed abundant FRs in the juvenile period. Springs with cool and snowy conditions and summers with severe drought were associated with a higher frequency of FRs. These anomalies could be formed partly in response to timing of the start of the growing season and to conditions during that growing season that lead to interruption and subsequent resumption of normal growth. Jack pine radial growth was found to be more sensitive to precipitation, whereas that of black spruce was more sensitive to temperature.

Variation in radial growth patterns of Pseudotsuga menziesii on the central coast of British Columbia, Canada

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1946-1954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi-Bin Zhang ◽  
Richard J Hebda
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Bella Coola ◽  
Growing Season Precipitation

Radial growth of trees in mountainous areas is subject to conditions associated with changes in elevation. We present ring-width chronologies for Douglas-fir trees (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) at nine sites spanning low to high elevations in the Bella Coola area of the central coast of British Columbia, near the northern limits of the species distribution, and investigate the variation in tree-ring growth patterns in relation to different elevations, using principal component (PC) analysis. We find that the first PC, which represents 55.6% of the total variance, reflects a common growth response at sites of different elevation. Response function analysis indicates that growing season precipitation is the major factor in controlling tree-ring growth. This factor explains more of the variance in low-elevation sites than it does in high-elevation ones. Temperature in August of the preceding year shows a negative relationship to ring-width growth. The second PC represents 16.7% of the total variance and reveals a distinct difference in growth response between low- and high-elevation sites. The length and temperature of the growing season seem to play an important role in tree-ring growth at sites of high elevation. Comparison of the Bella Coola records with those from southern Vancouver Island suggests that growing season precipitation influences growth of Douglas-fir on a macroregional scale, but other factors such as temperature modify the growth response at the limits of the distribution of the species.

Spatial variation in oak (Quercus spp.) radial growth responses to drought stress in eastern North America

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 986-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. LeBlanc ◽  
Adam M. Berland
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
North America ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Site Water

Dendroecology provides a means to evaluate how mature trees have responded to climate stresses in the recent past and provides one approach for projecting how existing forests will respond to future climate change. This study documented spatial variation in the strength of growth–climate associations for six oak (Quercus) species at 284 sites in eastern North America that span substantial gradients of temperature and site water balance. Radial growth of oaks was more strongly related to growing-season precipitation and the ratio of precipitation to potential evapotranspiration at sites in the western part of the study region where drought conditions occur more frequently. Growth was more strongly related to growing-season mean maximum temperature in the warmer, southern part of the study region. Growth of oaks was not strongly related to site water balance or temperature in the northeastern part of the study region. These results indicate that if climate change results in increased growing-season drought stress, this will adversely affect mature oak trees growing in the southern and western parts of eastern North America, but oaks growing in northeastern North America have more safe space for change before they will suffer reduced growth and vigor.

scholarly journals Does Drought Stress on Seedlings Have Longer Term Effects on Sapling Phenology, Reshooting, Growth and Plant Architecture in Quercus robur, Q. petraea and Their Morphological Intermediates?

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine Vander Mijnsbrugge ◽  
Arion Turcsan ◽  
Stefaan Moreels ◽  
Michiel Van Goethem ◽  
Steven Meeus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
After Effects ◽  
Effects Of Drought

Background and Objectives: Summer droughts are expected to increase in central and western Europe both in terms of frequency and intensity, justifying studies on longer term legacies of drought stress on tree species and their hybrids. Materials and Methods: We studied the longer-term after effects of water withholding and re-watering in the first growing season of potted seedlings from the sympatric species Quercus robur L., Q. petraea (Matt.) Liebl. and their morphological intermediates. Phenology, growth, and plant architecture were examined after a cut-back of the stems at the end of the third growing season. Results: The legacy of the first-year water limitation is faded in the phenological response. Nonetheless, leaf senescence occurred later in offspring from Q. robur than in offspring from Q. petraea at the end of the fourth growing season and leafing out tended to be later in the subsequent growing season. Offspring from the intermediate forms displayed variable phenological responses. Height and radial growth were still affected by the drought stress in a taxon-dependent way, with the offspring from Q. petraea displaying growth reduction both in height and diameter, whereas offspring from Q. robur did not show any differences anymore between control and treated plants, demonstrating better post-stress recovery in Q. robur. Offspring from morphological intermediates responded again in a variable way. Although the number of reshoots after cutting back the stems was not affected anymore by the drought treatment in the first growing season, the number of side shoots on the reshoots was still reduced in the drought treated group of plants, independent of the taxon of the mother tree. Conclusions: Together, our results demonstrate the longer-lasting effects of drought stress on oak saplings with regard to growth and plant architecture, with the first being taxon dependent.

scholarly journals Exogenous Application of Proline and Salicylic Acid can Mitigate the Injurious Impacts of Drought Stress on Barley Plants Associated with Physiological and Histological Characters

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled A. A. Abdelaal ◽  
Kotb A. Attia ◽  
Salman F. Alamery ◽  
Mohamed M. El-Afry ◽  
Abdelhalim I. Ghazy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Relative Water

Barley is a very important crop worldwide and has good impact in preserving food security. The impacts of 10 mM proline and 0.5 mM salicylic acid were evaluated on water stressed barley plants (Hordeum vulgare L. Giza126). Salicylic acid and proline treatments led to increased stem length, plant dry weights, chlorophyll concentration, relative water content, activity of antioxidant enzymes, and grain yield under drought stress. Nevertheless, lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage (EL), superoxide (O2·−), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) significantly decreased in treated barley plants with proline and salicylic acid in both growing seasons as compared with drought treatment only, which caused significant decrease in stem length, plant dry weights, chlorophyll concentration, activity of antioxidant enzymes, as well as biological and grain yield. These results demonstrated the importance of salicylic acid and proline as tolerance inducers of drought stress in barley plants.

scholarly journals Changes in Sensitivity of Tree-Ring Widths to Climate in a Tropical Moist Forest Tree in Bangladesh

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Mahmuda Islam ◽  
Jakob Wernicke ◽  
Achim Bräuning
Keyword(s):  
Climate Sensitivity ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Moist Forest

Tree growth in the tropics is strongly influenced by climate. However, reported tree growth responses to climate are largely inconsistent, varying with geographic location, forest type, and tree species. It is thus important to study the growth responses of tropical trees in sites and species that are under-represented so far. Bangladesh, a country influenced by the Asian monsoon climate, is understudied in terms of tree growth response to climate. In the present study, we developed a 121-year-long regional ring-width index chronology of Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss. sampled in two moist forest sites in Bangladesh to investigate tree growth responses to climate in monsoon South Asia. Standard dendrochronological methods were used to produce the ring-width chronologies. The climate sensitivity of C. tabularis was assessed through bootstrap correlation analysis and the stationarity and consistency of climate–growth relationships was evaluated using moving correlation functions and comparing the regression slopes of two sub-periods (1950–1985 and 1986–2015). Tree growth was negatively correlated with the mean, minimum, and maximum temperatures, particularly during the early growing season (March). Likewise, precipitation negatively influenced tree growth in the later growing season (October). Besides, radial growth of Chukrasia sharply ceased in years following strong and moderate El Niño events. In parallel with a significant positive trend in local temperatures, tree growth sensitivity to early growing season (March–April) mean temperatures and July minimum temperatures increased in recent decades. Tree growth sensitivity to October precipitation and April vapor pressure deficit also increased. Overall, climate–growth relationships were stronger during the period 1986–2015 than during 1950–1985. Changes in climate sensitivity might be linked to a warming trend that induced an increase in the dry season length during recent decades. With a further predicted temperature increase at our study sites, our results suggest that radial growth of C. tabularis will further decline in response to climate warming.

On fluting of the trunk in young trees of Pinus taeda L. (Loblolly Pine) with an appendix on the measurement of radial growith as ring-width

1956 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
IV Newman
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Dead Branch ◽  
Grooved Surface ◽  
Cambial Zone ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Appearance of fluting of the trunk in young trees of Pinus taeda L. (loblolly pine) from Queensland is due to near alignment of greatly extended depressions produced by suppression of radial growth above and below the insertion of branch-bases. Inclination of the fluting accompanies inclination of grain (spiral grain) in the tree. This suppression, chiefly of early wood, operates for 2–3 years and differs from the very slightly extended suppression associated normally with dead branch-bases on both normal and abnormal trees. A pathological condition of the cambial zone seems to affect not only the quantity but also the structure of the cells formed. In the two butt logs examined, suppression ocourred only in the growing seasons beginning 1948, 1949, and sometimes 1950. After that, the depressions were being obliterated by local excess of radial growth, mainly in apparent late wood, and the surface would probably have appeared undisturbed by the end of the season beginning 1955 or 1956 (trees about 18–20 years old). In a note on measurement of "radial growth" at a grooved surface, of the three possible measurements of ring-width, namely, radial (along the radius of the tree-as-a-whole), histological (along the direction of the rows of wood cells), and apparent (along the shortest distance across the ring), the histological ring-width is suggested as most correctly representing "radial growth". The implied "stepped" arrangement of the cambium is demonstrated.

The effect of climatic factors on the radial growth of Japanese ash in northern Hokkaido, Japan

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 2052-2055 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Yasue ◽  
R. Funada ◽  
T. Kondo ◽  
O. Kobayashi ◽  
K. Fukazawa
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Ring Network ◽  
Autoregressive Modeling ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Residual Chronology

The influence of climate on the radial growth of Japanese ash (Fraxinusmandshurica Rupr. var. japonica Maxim.) in northern Hokkaido, Japan, was investigated. Fifteen trees were selected and ring widths were measured. Standardization and autoregressive modeling were applied to the series of ring widths for isolation of the climatic signal. A response function was calculated for the relationship between residual chronology and monthly temperature and precipitation. In the season that preceded the growth, December precipitation is negatively correlated with ring width. During the growing season, May temperature is negatively correlated with ring width, while both temperature and precipitation in July are positively correlated with ring width. The results reveal the potential usefulness of Japanese ash for reconstruction of past climate in Hokkaido. The chronology of Japanese ash contributes to a development of a tree-ring network in Japan that is still sparse.

scholarly journals Relating Climate, Drought and Radial Growth in Broadleaf Mediterranean Tree and Shrub Species: A New Approach to Quantify Climate-Growth Relationships

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1250
Author(s):  
J. Julio Camarero ◽  
Álvaro Rubio-Cuadrado
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Shrub Species ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Correlation Analyses

The quantification of climate–growth relationships is a fundamental step in tree-ring sciences. This allows the assessment of functional responses to climate warming, particularly in biodiversity and climate-change hotspots including the Mediterranean Basin. In this region, broadleaf tree and shrub species of pre-Mediterranean, subtropical origin, have to withstand increased aridification trends. However, they have not been widely studied to assess their long-term growth responses to climate and drought. Since these species evolved under less seasonal and wetter conditions than strictly Mediterranean species, we hypothesized that their growth would mainly respond to higher precipitation and water availability from spring to early summer. Here, we quantified climate–growth relationships in five of these broadleaf species showing different leaf phenology and wood type (Pistacia terebinthus L., Pistacia lentiscus L., Arbutus unedo L., Celtis australis L., and Laurus nobilis L.) by using dendrochronology. We calculated Pearson correlations between crossdated, indexed, mean ring width series of each species (chronologies) and monthly climate variables (mean temperature, total precipitation). We also calculated correlations between the species’ chronologies and a drought index on 7-day scales. Lastly, we compared the correlation analyses with “climwin” analyses based on an information-theoretic approach and subjected to cross-validation and randomization tests. As expected, the growth of all species was enhanced in response to wet and cool conditions during spring and early summer. In some species (P. lentiscus, A. unedo, C. australis,) high prior-winter precipitation also enhanced growth. Growth of most species strongly responded to 9-month droughts and the correlations peaked from May to July, except in L. nobilis which showed moderate responses. The “climwin” analyses refined the correlation analyses by (i) showing the higher explanatory power of precipitation (30%) vs. temperature (7%) models, (ii) selecting the most influential climate windows with June as the median month, and (iii) providing significant support to the precipitation model in the case of P. terebinthus confirming that the radial growth of this species is a robust proxy of hydroclimate variability. We argue that “climwin” and similar frameworks based on information-theoretic approaches should be applied by dendroecologists to critically assess and quantify climate–growth relationships in woody plants with dendrochronological potential.

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