scholarly journals Nutrient Dynamics Assessment of Coarse Wood Debris Subjected to Successional Decay Levels of Three Forests Types in Northeast, China

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 401
Author(s):  
Kashif Khan ◽  
Tran Thi Tuyen ◽  
Lixin Chen ◽  
Wen Biao Duan ◽  
Anwaar Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Wood Debris ◽  
Tilia Amurensis ◽  
Picea Koraiensis

Coarse wood debris (CWD) plays a critical role in forest productivity, nutrient cycling, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, and shapes the carbon pool in the forest ecosystem. However, the elemental composition of CWD varies among different forest types and decay classes for the same dominant tree species (Pinus koraiensis, PK). We compared CWD elemental composition across different forest types (Picea koraiensis-Abies nephrolepis-Pinus koraiensis forest (PAPF), Betula costata-Pinus koraiensis forest (BPF), Tilia amurensis-Pinus koraiensis forest (TPF)), considering four classes of wood decay. Results showed that N, P, Mg, Mn, Na, Zn, S, Al, and Fe concentrations almost totally increased with decay level for all three forest types, except for K in all three forest types and B in Picea koraiensis-Abies nephrolepis-Pinus koraiensis forest (PAPF). Similarly, maximum concentrations of N, P, B, Mg, K, C, Zn, and Mn of CWD were observed in Betula costata-Pinus koraiensis forest (BPF) under varying decay classes, but their maximum concentrations of Fe and S were found in Picea koraiensis-Abies nephrolepis-Pinus koraiensis forest (PAPF) and Tilia amurensis-Pinus koraiensis forest(TPF), respectively. Only C content did not significantly differ in decay classes across all three forest types. The C:N ratio decreased significantly with increasing decay levels across all forest types. The decay rates were significantly related to N concentration and C:N ratio in decay classes across all forest types. These results suggest that C and N concentration are the key factors affecting its decomposition. The variation in nutrient concentrations observed here underscores the complexity of nutrients stored in wood debris in forested ecosystems.

scholarly journals Seasonal changes in water quality and macrophytes and the impact of cattle on tropical floodplain waterholes

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 788 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Pettit ◽  
T. D. Jardine ◽  
S. K. Hamilton ◽  
V. Sinnamon ◽  
D. Valdez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Dry Tropics ◽  
The Impact

The present study indicates the critical role of hydrologic connectivity in floodplain waterholes in the wet–dry tropics of northern Australia. These waterbodies provide dry-season refugia for plants and animals, are a hotspot of productivity, and are a critical part in the subsistence economy of many remote Aboriginal communities. We examined seasonal changes in water quality and aquatic plant cover of floodplain waterholes, and related changes to variation of waterhole depth and visitation by livestock. The waterholes showed declining water quality through the dry season, which was exacerbated by more frequent cattle usage as conditions became progressively drier, which also increased turbidity and nutrient concentrations. Aquatic macrophyte biomass was highest in the early dry season, and declined as the dry season progressed. Remaining macrophytes were flushed out by the first wet-season flows, although they quickly re-establish later during the wet season. Waterholes of greater depth were more resistant to the effects of cattle disturbance, and seasonal flushing of the waterholes with wet-season flooding homogenised the water quality and increased plant cover of previously disparate waterholes. Therefore, maintaining high levels of connectivity between the river and its floodplain is vital for the persistence of these waterholes.

Topsoil replacement depth and organic amendment effects on plant nutrient uptake from reclaimed natural gas wellsites

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 859-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Zvomuya ◽  
Francis J Larney ◽  
Olalekan O Akinremi ◽  
Reynald L Lemke ◽  
Vasile E Klaassen
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Organic Amendment ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
South Central ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Cattle Feedlot

Sustained plant nutrient a vailability on reclaimed wellsites is critical to the successful restoration of crop productivity. This study evaluated topsoil replacement depth (TRD) (0, 50, 100, and 150% of mandatory TRD) and organic amendment [beef cattle feedlot manure, compost derived from straw-bedded cattle feedlot manure, wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) straw, alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.) hay, and unamended control] effects on nutrient uptake by a wheat crop at three abandoned gas wellsites in south-central Alberta. Grain N uptake increased by 0.055 kg ha-1 for each percent increase in TRD, reflecting the corresponding linear increase in grain N concentration. Low carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratio amendments, particularly compost and alfalfa, were the most effective for improving grain N concentration and uptake. Conversely, N concentration and uptake were lowest for the high C:N (53:1) wheat straw amendment. Reclamation programs should, therefore, consider incorporation of the low C:N alfalfa or compost in order to safeguard against N deficiency in the first 1–2 yr following reclamation. Our results also show that high P amendments, such as manure and compost, are better choices for improving P uptake by spring wheat. These results emphasize the importance of topsoil replacement and amendment quality (C:N ratio and P concentration) in ensuring adequate N and P supply in the 1–2 yr following reclamation. Based on this, compost appears to be the best single amendment for ensuring enhanced uptake of both N and P on reclaimed wellsites in the short term. Key words: Topsoil replacement; organic amendments; reclamation; nitrogen; phosphorus

scholarly journals Capacity of Caulerpa lentillifera in the Removal of Fish Culture Effluent in a Recirculating Aquaculture System

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 440 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. V. A. S. Manori Bambaranda ◽  
Takuji W. Tsusaka ◽  
Anong Chirapart ◽  
Krishna R. Salin ◽  
Nophea Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Inorganic Nutrients ◽  
Fish Culture ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
Recirculating Aquaculture ◽  
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems ◽  
Caulerpa Lentillifera ◽  
Aquaculture Effluent

Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing food producing industries in the world. Aquaculture effluent contains high concentrations of inorganic nutrients. Reduction of these inorganic nutrients in aquaculture effluent is crucial for fulfilling the effluent standards or reuse of aquaculture effluent. This study investigated the effective use of green macroalga Caulerpa lentillifera as a bioremediatory species for nutrient removal from aquaculture effluent by conducting an on-station experiment and measurements. The effluent of a fish culture unit was circulated through a macroalgal culture unit every four days for a total of 60 days, allowing 15 circulations. Concentrations of inorganic nutrients (NO2−-N, NO3−-N, NH3-N, and PO43−) were measured in the integrated system consisting of a fish unit, settling unit, macroalgal unit and extra tank for water circulation in triplicates. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the application of the bioremediation system led to a significant reduction in nutrient concentrations within one day, and slightly further in the following two days. On average over the 15 circulations, the first one day of application decreased the concentrations of NO2−-N, NO3−-N, NH3-N, and PO43− by 0.247 mg/L, 81.6 mg/L, 0.682 mg/L, and 0.352 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, the C:N ratio of macroalgae decreased during the 60-day application period, providing evidence of the nutrient uptake by macroalgae. Based on the European Union (EU) standard and quality criteria of France and the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee (JFWEC), the macroalgae grown in the integrated system were at the safe level for human consumption in terms of contents of Cd, Pb, and As. The results of our study imply that recirculating aquaculture systems utilizing C. lentillifera for biofiltration have the potential for effective treatment of aquaculture effluent integrating fish and macroalgae production.

Effects of soil compaction and chipped aspen residue on aspen regeneration and soil nutrients

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian G. W. Corns ◽  
D. G. Maynard
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Wood Residue ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Plant Community Development ◽  
Whole Tree Harvesting

The effects of soil compaction and depth of chipped aspen residue on aspen regeneration, plant community development, decomposition, and nutrient cycling were tested on an Orthic Gray Luvisol in the Lower Foothills of Alberta. Twenty-seven 100-m × 15-m plots were established in 1992. Three depths of chipped aspen residue (0, 1–5 cm and >10 cm) and three levels of compaction (no compaction, 6 and 16 skidder passes) were applied following whole-tree harvesting in 1993. Sixteen skidder passes and chip residue depths >10 cm resulted in reduced plant cover and aspen sucker densities for at least 2 yr following treatment. Nutrient concentrations of the chip residue and surface organic horizon (LFH) were similar for the three compaction treatments. The initial total nitrogen (N) concentration of the chipped aspen residue was 3.6 g kg−1. Ammonium (NH4+-N) concentrations in the LFH of the chip residue treatments, particularly at the >10-cm residue depth, were lower compared with the no-residue treatment. However, adequate N apparently was available to the aspen suckers and understory vegetation as the NH4+-N concentration remained higher than in the LFH before harvesting. Compaction and woody residue applications had only short-term (3 yr) effects on soil properties, plant community development and aspen suckering at this site when clear-cut harvesting was done in the fall with low soil moisture content. Key words: Ammonium, aspen regeneration, wood residue, compaction

Radial growth of Pinus koraiensis and Picea koraiensis response to climate change in Yichun City,Heilongjiang Province

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
苑丹阳 YUAN Danyang ◽  
赵慧颖 ZHAO Huiying ◽  
李宗善 LI Zongshan ◽  
朱良军 ZHU Liangjun ◽  
国淼 GUO Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Heilongjiang Province ◽  
Picea Koraiensis

The Spatial Heterogeneity of the Soil Bulk Density under Different Management Types of Pinus koraiensis Forests

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 4315-4318
Author(s):  
Shu Li Wang ◽  
Chao Ma
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Betula Platyphylla ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Mixed Forests

Through the manner of field investigation and room experiments, by using software SPSS 13.0, software ArcGis 9.3 and geostatistical analysis tool, the spatial heterogeneity of the soil bulk density under virgin Pinus koraiensis forest, Betula platyphylla and Pinus koraiensis mixed forest (Pinus koraiensis natural regeneration), Betulaplatyphylla and Pinus koraiensis mixed forest (Pinus koraiensis planted) and pure Pinus koraiensis plantation were studied. The characteristics of the spatial heterogeneity of the soil bulk density under different forest types were different, the spatial heterogeneity of the soil bulk density under four forest types were influenced by random factors, but the auto relationship part of the soil bulk density spatial heterogeneity under Betula platyphylla and Pinus koraiensis mixed forests were bigger, and the change distance was smaller than that under pure Pinus koraiensis plantation. The spatial distribution pattern of the soil bulk density under Betula platyphylla and Pinus koraiensis mixed forests was superior to that under pure Pinus koraiensis plantation. The results would provide a theory basis for the recovery and the sustainable management of the Pinus koraiensis forest.

Nitrogen immobilization in decomposing litter contributes to productivity decline in ageing pastures of green panic (Panicum maximum var. trichoglume)

1989 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Robbins ◽  
J. J. Bushell ◽  
G. M. McKeon
Keyword(s):  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Study ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Short Term Study ◽  
N Release ◽  
Productivity Decline ◽  
Long Term Studies

SUMMARYThe extent and rate of N release from nylon bags containing green panic (Panicum maximumvar.trichoglume)litter was measured for up to 319 days (long-term studies) in 1978/79 and 1979/80 in Gayndah, Australia. Dry matter (DM) decomposition rates were measured in 41 periods of 39 days and related to environmental variables and initial litter N concentrations (short-term study).About half of litter DM decomposed during the long-term studies, while N concentration in the remaining litter increased from an initial average of 0–57 % N, to 0–95 % N. Net release of N from bags began when its concentration in the residue increased to c.0–65% N (or when the C:N ratio decreased to 75:1). Only a net 20–30 % of the initial N was released for potential plant uptake by the end of the study. The short-term study showed that DM decomposition was rapid and independent of pasture age. Decomposition rate increased with soil moisture and average daily temperature but was unaffected by initial litter N concentration. Release of N from decomposing litter was slow, despite rapid DM decomposition. It was concluded that a major cause of declining productivity in sown grass pastures is the immobilization of N in decomposing grass litter.

scholarly journals Effects of nutrient availability and other elevational changes on bromeliad populations and their invertebrate communities in a humid tropical forest in Puerto Rico

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Richardson ◽  
M. J. Richardson ◽  
F. N. Scatena ◽  
W. H. Mcdowell
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Faunal Abundance ◽  
High Plant Density

Nutrient inputs into tank bromeliads were studied in relation to growth and productivity, and the abundance, diversity and biomass of their animal inhabitants, in three forest types along an elevational gradient. Concentrations of phosphorus, potassium and calcium in canopy-derived debris, and nitrogen and phosphorus in phytotelm water, declined with increasing elevation. Dwarf forest bromeliads contained the smallest amounts of debris/plant and lowest concentrations of nutrients in plant tissue. Their leaf turnover rate and productivity were highest and, because of high plant density, they comprised 12.8% of forest net primary productivity (0.47 t ha−1 y−1), and contained 3.3 t ha−1 of water. Annual nutrient budgets indicated that these microcosms were nutrient-abundant and accumulated < 5% of most nutrients passing through them. Exceptions were K and P in the dwarf forest, where accumulation was c. 25% of inputs. Animal and bromeliad biomass/plant peaked in the intermediate elevation forest, and were positively correlated with the debris content/bromeliad across all forest types. Animal species richness showed a significant mid-elevational peak, whereas abundance was independent of species richness and debris quantities, and declined with elevation as forest net primary productivity declined. The unimodal pattern of species richness was not correlated with nutrient concentrations, and relationships among faunal abundance, species richness, nutrient inputs and environment are too complex to warrant simple generalizations about nutrient resources and diversity, even in apparently simple microhabitats.

Diagnostic nitrogen concentrations for tomatoes grown in sand culture

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
DO Huett ◽  
G Rose
Keyword(s):  
Critical Values ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Total N ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Leaf N Concentration ◽  
Petiole Sap ◽  
N Status ◽  
Leaf N

The tomato cv. Flora-Dade was grown in sand culture with 4 nitrogen (N) levels of 1.07-32.14 mmol L-1 applied as nitrate each day in a complete nutrient solution. The youngest fully opened leaf (YFOL) and remaining (bulked) leaves were harvested at regular intervals over the 16-week growth period. Standard laboratory leaf total and nitrate N determinations were conducted in addition to rapid nitrate determinations on YFOL petiole sap. The relationships between plant growth and leaf N concentration, which were significantly affected by N application level, were used to derive diagnostic leaf N concentrations. Critical and adequate concentrations in petiole sap of nitrate-N, leaf nitrate-N and total N for the YFOL and bulked leaf N were determined from the relationship between growth rate relative to maximum at each sampling time and leaf N concentration. YFOL petiole sap nitrate-N concentration, which can be measured rapidly in the field by using commercial test strips, gave the most sensitive guide to plant N status. Critical values of 770-1 120 mg L-I were determined over the 10-week period after transplanting (first mature fruit). YFOL (leaf + petiole) total N concentration was the most consistent indicator of plant N status where critical values of4.45-4.90% were recorded over the 4- 12 week period after transplanting (early harvests at 12 weeks). This test was less sensitive but more precise than the petiole sap nitrate test. The concentrations of N, potassium, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium in YFOL and bulked leaf corresponding to the N treatments producing maximum growth rates are presented, because nutrient supply was close to optimum and the leaf nutrient concentrations can be considered as adequate levels.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document