scholarly journals Soil Effects on Stem Growth and Wood Anatomy of Tamboril Are Mediated by Tree Age

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1058
Author(s):  
Talita dos Santos Angélico ◽  
Carmen Regina Marcati ◽  
Sergio Rossi ◽  
Magali Ribeiro da Silva ◽  
Júlia Sonsin-Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Wood Traits ◽  
Soil Effects ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Effect Of Age

Soil influences the growth of trees and the characteristics of the wood; but could this influence change during the ontogeny of trees? To answer this question, we analyzed the wood anatomy of 9-year-old trees and 2-year-old saplings of Enterolobium contortisiliquum, known as “tamboril”, growing in eutrophic and oligotrophic soil in the Brazilian Cerrado, and assessed the effect of age on plant–soil relationship. Sapwood samples were collected from the main stem, anatomical sections were prepared in the lab, and 12 anatomical wood traits were measured. Individuals in eutrophic soil had greater stem diameter and height than those in oligotrophic soil. Trees in eutrophic soil had vessel-associated parenchyma cells with abundant storage compounds. Fibers walls were 47% thicker and intervessel pits diameter were 14% larger in trees of eutrophic soil. A greater proportion of solitary vessels (74%) was observed in trees rather than in saplings (50%). The secondary xylem of trees was mainly formed by fibers (63%) whereas in saplings it was mainly formed by storage tissue (64%). Our study provides evidence that the influence of soil conditions on tree growth reflects variations in wood anatomical features. No significant response to soil type was observed in saplings, thus demonstrating that the relationship between soil type and wood growth is mediated by tree age. These findings help to develop reliable reforestation strategies in tropical ecosystems characterized by different levels of soil fertility.

scholarly journals SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS CONSIDERING WEIGHT OF TREES AND ROOT REINFORCEMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-208
Author(s):  
Majid Lotfalian ◽  
Mehran Nasiri ◽  
Amir Modarres ◽  
Wei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Slope Stability ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Soil Reinforcement ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Stability Factor ◽  
Slope Stabilization ◽  
Root Reinforcement ◽  
Root Cohesion ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Old Trees

We study the effect of roots of alder trees on soil reinforcement and slope stabilization. Two types of soil, i.e. Marl and Clayey soils and alders of three ages are considered. The slope stability is studied according to the tree indices based on tree age and soil type. The effect of root reinforcement on slope stability is considered by an additional cohesion. The stability analyses are carried out by the FEM. We perform parameter studies considering tree age, soil type and surcharge. The results indicate that soil type is effective on cohesion. The results also showed that with increasing age of trees from 7 to 15 years, the amount of additional root cohesion increased and with the increase of the age of trees to 20 years this amount slightly decreased. Also, with regard to a constant slope geometry, the type of soil and the uniform surcharge pressure, 7-year-old trees have shown better performance in slope stabilization. It has been observed that as the age of alder trees grows, although the amount of additional root cohesion increases, however, due to increased surcharge pressure, the overall slope stability factor decreases.

The Impact of Financial Literacy on Financial Preparedness for Retirement in the Small and Medium Enterprises Sector in Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-41
Author(s):  
Colin Agabalinda ◽  
Alain Vilard Ndi Isoh
Keyword(s):  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Retirement Preparedness ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Effect Of Age

The study investigated the direct effects of financial literacy (knowledge, skills, and attitudes) on financial preparedness for retirement and the moderating effect of age among the small and medium enterprises in Uganda. Primary data was collected from a sample of n = 380 selected from the SME workforce. Descriptive analysis was run on SPSS, while validity and reliability of the measurement items yielded satisfactory composite reliability scores and average variance explained (AVE) scores for all items. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to test the hypotheses and multi-group analysis conducted to test for the moderating effect of age on the relationship between financial literacy and retirement preparedness. The results revealed that knowledge and skills were significant predictors of retirement preparedness. However, ‘attitude' was not a significant predictor, and age had no moderating effect on the relationship between the study variables. These findings present practical implications for policymakers and financial educators in a developing country context.

scholarly journals Richness of Rhizosphere Organisms Affects Plant P Nutrition According to P Source and Mobility

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Jean Trap ◽  
Patricia Mahafaka Ranoarisoa ◽  
Usman Irshad ◽  
Claude Plassard
Keyword(s):  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Organic P ◽  
P Nutrition ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Acquisition ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
The Relationship

Plants evolve complex interactions with diverse soil mutualist organisms to enhance P mobilization from the soil. These strategies are particularly important when P is poorly available. It is still unclear how the soil P source (e.g., mineral P versus recalcitrant organic P) and its mobility in the soil (high or low) affect soil mutualist biological (ectomycorrhizal fungi, bacteria and bacterial-feeding nematodes) richness—plant P acquisition relationships. Using a set of six microcosm experiments conducted in growth chamber across contrasting P situations, we tested the hypothesis that the relationship between the increasing addition of soil mutualist organisms in the rhizosphere of the plant and plant P acquisition depends on P source and mobility. The highest correlation (R2 = 0.70) between plant P acquisition with soil rhizosphere biological richness was found in a high P-sorbing soil amended with an organic P source. In the five other situations, the relationships became significant either in soil conditions, with or without mineral P addition, or when the P source was supplied as organic P in the absence of soil, although with a low correlation coefficient (0.09 < R2 < 0.15). We thus encourage the systematic and careful consideration of the form and mobility of P in the experimental trials that aim to assess the role of biological complexity on plant P nutrition.

scholarly journals Potential of Alnus acuminata based agroforestry for carbon sequestration and other ecosystem services in Rwanda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanase R. Cyamweshi ◽  
Shem Kuyah ◽  
Athanase Mukuralinda ◽  
Catherine W. Muthuri
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Alnus Acuminata ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Old Trees

AbstractAlnus acuminata Kunth. (alnus) is widely used in agroforestry systems across the globe and is believed to provide multiple ecosystem services; however, evidence is lacking in agroforestry literature to support the perceived benefits, particularly in Rwanda. To understand carbon sequestration potential and other benefits of alnus, a household survey, tree inventory and destructive sampling were conducted in north-western Rwanda. Over 75% of the respondents had alnus trees in their farms. The trees provide stakes for climbing beans, firewood and timber. They also improve soil fertility and control soil erosion. Farmers had between 130 and 161 alnus trees per hectare with an average height of 7.7 ± 0.59 m and diameter at breast height of 16.3 ± 1.39 cm. The largest biomass proportion was found in stems (70.5%) while branches and leaves stock about 16.5 and 13% of the total biomass, respectively. At farm level, aboveground biomass of alnus trees was estimated to be 27.2 ± 0.7 Mg ha−1 representing 13.6 Mg of carbon (C) per hectare. Biomass carbon increased with tree size, from 7.1 ± 0.2 Mg C ha−1 in 3 years old trees to 34.4 ± 2.2 Mg C ha−1 in 10 years old trees. The converse was observed with elevation; biomass carbon decreased with increasing elevation from 21.4 ± 1.29 Mg C ha−1 at low (2011–2110 m) to 9.6 ± 0.75 Mg C ha−1 in the high elevation (> 2510 m). In conclusion, alnus agroforestry significantly contributes to carbon sequestration, although the magnitude of these benefits varies with tree age and elevation. Planting alnus trees on farms can meet local needs for stakes for climbing beans, wood and soil fertility improvement, as well as the global need for regulation of climate change.

scholarly journals The Effect of Sex and Age on Bone Morphology and Strength in the Metacarpus and Humerus in Beef-Cross-Dairy Cattle

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 694
Author(s):  
Michaela Gibson ◽  
Rebecca Hickson ◽  
Penny Back ◽  
Keren Dittmer ◽  
Nicola Schreurs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Size ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Bone Morphology ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Effect Of Age

In cattle, limited data have been reported about the relationship between live weight, bone size, and strength and how this relationship can be altered by factors such as sex and age. The aim of this study was to describe the relationship of peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT)-derived parameters of bone strength and morphology with live weight, age and sex in beef-cross-dairy cattle. All animals were weighed the day before slaughter. The metacarpus and humerus were collected at slaughter and scanned at the mid-diaphysis using pQCT. Live weight was the primary explanatory variable for bone size and strength in all cohorts. However, the effect of age was significant, such that magnitude of response to liveweight was less in the 24-month-old cohort. Sex was significant within cohorts in that bulls had a shorter metacarpus than steers and heifers had a shorter metacarpus than steers at age of slaughter.

Rootstock effect on tree-ring traits in grapevine under a climate change scenario

IAWA Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica De Micco ◽  
Enrica Zalloni ◽  
Giovanna Battipaglia ◽  
Arturo Erbaggio ◽  
Pasquale Scognamiglio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Climate Change Scenario ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
Volcanic Area ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
Wood Traits ◽  
Projected Changes ◽  
Drought Occurrence

ABSTRACTProjected changes in drought occurrence in the Mediterranean region are raising concerns about the adaptive capability of rainfed crops, such as grapevine, to increasing aridity. Cultivation management, especially the techniques influencing the hydraulic pathway, can play a role in plant adaptation to drought for the consequent changes in wood anatomical functional traits. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of grafting on wood anatomy in tree-ring series ofVitis vini-feraL. ‘Piedirosso’ grapevine cultivated in a volcanic area in Southern Italy. Tree-ring anatomy was analysed in vines grown on their own roots or grafted onto 420A rootstock. Results showed that grafted vines had a higher occurrence of wood traits linked with safety of water transport if compared with non-grafted vines. Grafting induced the formation of tree rings with higher incidence of latewood also characterised by narrower and more frequent vessels if compared with non-grafted vines. This study suggested a different regulation of water flow in the grafted and non-grafted vines. Such findings support the analysis of wood anatomy as a tool to drive decisions linked with plant cultivation management. In this specific case, our results encourage to further explore the change from a traditional cultivation with own-rooted grapevines towards grafted models inducing better xylem adaptation to increasing drought.

Effects of pollution and climate change on the ecosystem components

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuriy Lykholat
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine System ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Current State ◽  
Herbaceous Communities ◽  
Active Chemical ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Ecological Patterns ◽  
The Relationship

The book contains the study results of the environmental and soil conditions of the transformed territories, the ecological patterns of woody plants natural communities’ formation as well as the features of the herbaceous communities’ succession in flooded areas. The current state of forest areas is highlighted, the problems of forest management and their exploitation in Ukraine are outlined. Aspects of anthropogenic impact on natural aquatic ecosystems are shown and various biotesting methods of negative effects are characterized. The relationship between the presence of exogenous biologically active chemical compounds in the environment and damage to the endocrine system of animals has been revealed. The scientific manuscript is intended for ecologists, specialists interested in environmental management and environmental protection. The book may be useful for graduate students and scientific researchers.

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