Growth and Nitrogen Retranslocation of Nutrient-Loaded Clonal Betula alnoides Transplanted with or without Fertilization

Nutrient loading can improve the growth and nutrient content of nursery-grown Betula alnoides Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, but it is unknown whether nutrient loading enhances growth and nutrient uptake after transplanting. Plants were grown with three nutrient loading treatments (N100, N200, and N400; 100, 200, and 400 mg N per plant as 15N-urea) in nursery containers and then transplanted into plastic pots, with or without controlled-release fertilizer (F0 and F10, 0 and 10 g per plant). The N400 plants had a smaller size but higher nitrogen concentration relative to the N100 and N200 plants before transplanting. However, 180 days after transplanting, the N200 and N400 plants had superior root collar diameter, root length, and root area compared to the N100 plants, due to an increase in 15N retranslocation to new stems and new leaves. Moreover, transplant fertilization (F10) enhanced the height, root collar diameter, root length, and plant dry mass, but not nitrogen concentration or retranslocation, relative to F0. We recommend that medium- and high-dose nutrient loading is implemented in B. alnoides nurseries to optimize growth after transplanting. Additional fertilizer at transplanting may be advantageous in supporting growth, owing to the rapid depletion of nutrient reserves after planting out in the field.

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Effects of mycorrhizas on growth of pine seedlings

Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.5564/mjas.v28i03.1299 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (03) ◽

pp. 41-47

Author(s):

Gantuya B ◽

Burenjargal O

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Root Length ◽

Glomus Mosseae ◽

Root Collar Diameter ◽

Percentage Survival ◽

Pine Seedlings ◽

Collar Diameter ◽

Root Collar

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) is an economically important source of timber in Mongolia and has been widely used in reforestation programs. In this study, we investigated the effects of mycorrhizas on the growth of pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedlings. Inoculation with ectomycorrhizas and endomycorrhizas increased the height, root length, and root collar diameter of the pine seedlings compared to the non-inoculated seedlings. Furthermore, the results of the study showed that the percentage survival rate is higher in mycorrhizal inoculated pine seedlings than control seedlings. These results demonstrated that inoculation could effectively form ectomycorrhizas with pine seedlings and promote its growth, which can be used to restore Mongolian forest. Нарсны тарьцын ургалтанд микоризын үзүүлэх нөлөө Эгэл нарс (Pinus sylvestris) нь Монгол орны хувьд эдийн засгийн чухал ач холбогдолтой мод бөгөөдойжуулалтанд өргөн ашигладаг. Бид энэхүү судалгаагаараа эгэл нарсны (Pinus sylvestris) тарьцныургалтанд микоризaхэрхэн нөлөөлж буйг судлав. Эктомикоризa (Pisolithus tinctorius, Lactarius laccata)болон эндомикоризийн (Glomus mosseae, Glomus spurcum хх) бэлдмэл ашиглан тарьсан тарьцын өндөр,үндэсний хүзүүвчийн диаметр болон үндэсний урт нь микоризын бэлдмэл ашиглаагүй тарьцуудтайхарьцуулахад илүү байв. Түүнчлэн микоризын бэлдмэл ашигласан тарьцуудын амьдралтын хувийнүзүүлэлт хяналтын тарьцуудаас өндөр байгааг уг судалгааны үр дүн харуулав. Дээрх үр дүнгээрмикоризын бэлдмэл нь нарсны суулгацын үндсэнд микориза болон хэлбэржиж, түүний өсөлтийгдэмжиж байгааг илрүүлсэн бөгөөд уг бэлдмэлийг ойг нөхөн сэргээхэд ашиглах боломжтой юм.Түлхүүр үг: Нарс, өндөр, үндэсний урт, диаметр

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Growth Responses of Chemically Root-pruned Cork Oak Seedlings in the Nursery

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-19.2.69 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 69-72

Author(s):

M. Pardos ◽

J.A. Pardos ◽

G. Montero

Keyword(s):

Root Length ◽

Lateral Roots ◽

Cork Oak ◽

Root Weight ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Latex Paint ◽

Root Collar Diameter ◽

Tap Root ◽

Collar Diameter ◽

Root Collar

Abstract Cork oak (Quercus suber L.) seedlings of two Iberian provenances (PA-SR and SM-Lp) were grown for one growing season in non-treated containers or in containers treated on their interior surfaces with white exterior latex paint containing 80 g CuCO3/liter. Copper carbonate-treated containers effectively prevented root deformation and decreased the amount of circled, kinked and matted roots formed at the container wall-medium interface. Root morphology was altered by the copper coating, so elongation of lateral roots contacting CuCO3-treated surfaces was more reduced than that of the tap root (82.7% vs 1.5%). These lateral roots showed higher branching frequency than roots contacting untreated container walls. CuCO3 treatment decreased root collar diameter, but did not influence seedling height, leaf area and tap root length. No sign of copper toxicity was observed in any seedling treated with CuCO3. Provenance had a significant effect on height, root collar diameter, tap root length and root weight per unit length; these results may reflect differences in growth habit of the two provenances. Other growth parameters measured were affected by a copper × provenance interaction. Seedlings of the PA-SR provenance produced less root and plant dry wt when grown in CuCO3-treated than in control containers, but shoot:root ratio was not influenced.

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Effect of Different Types of Mulching on Soil Properties and Tree Growth of Magnolia champaca Planted at the Montane Rainforest in Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Malaysia

International Journal of Forestry Research ◽

10.1155/2021/5517238 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Wahidullah Rahmani ◽

Mohd Nazre Salleh ◽

Mohd Zaki Hamzah ◽

Aminu Abdu ◽

Mohamad Fakhri Ishak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Length ◽

Soil Moisture Content ◽

Root Diameter ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Main Root ◽

Root Collar Diameter ◽

Breast Height ◽

Cameron Highlands ◽

Collar Diameter ◽

Root Collar

Tropical Montane Cloud Forest (TMCF) is among the most vulnerable habitats to fragmentation, deforestation, and global climate change. A successful restoration program requires a comprehensive understanding of variables influencing seedling efficiency. This study was conducted on Sg. Terla Forest Reserve Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Malaysia. In this study, we used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and measured the Magnolia champaca height, root collar diameter, diameter at breast height, plant survival, root diameter, main root length, lateral root length, root coiling, root direction, and chlorophyll content. The soil samples were taken to study the effect of different mulching materials on soil characteristics. We also measured soil compaction, soil texture, soil colour, soil moisture content, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total sulphur, available phosphorus, and exchanged potassium. This study indicates that mulching had no significant effect on plant height, diameter breast height, root collar diameter, and chlorophyll content between treatments. Although mulching had a significant effect on root diameter, main root length, and root distributions among treatments while for lateral root length and root:shoot ratio did not show a significant effect among treatments. However, oil palm mulching treatment had a greater effect on plant height, root collar diameter, and diameter at breast height growth, among treatments. Mulching significantly affected soil pH, soil moisture content, total sulphur, and potassium exchange. In contrast, mulching did not significantly affect soil organic carbon, total soil nitrogen, and soil available phosphorus between treatments.

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Machine Vision System for Quality Control Assessment of Bareroot Pine Seedlings

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/sjaf/21.2.90 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 90-96

Author(s):

J. H. Wilhoit ◽

L. J. Kutz ◽

W. A. Vandier

Keyword(s):

Machine Vision ◽

Root Length ◽

Vision System ◽

Machine Vision System ◽

Forest Nursery ◽

Root Collar Diameter ◽

Pine Seedlings ◽

Tap Root ◽

Collar Diameter ◽

Root Collar

Abstract A PC-based multiple camera machine vision system for measuring bareroot pine seedlings has been developed for operational data collection in a forest nursery. The system was used for quality control sampling in a forest nursery for 2 lifting seasons. In tests conducted during the first lifting season measuring 100 loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings, there was only moderate correlation on a seedling-by-seedling basis between manual measurements made by nursery personnel and machine vision measurements of root collar diameter, shoot height, and tap root length. Overall machine vision and manual measurement distribution results for seedling samples were in close agreement, however. A bud tip height measurement routine was added to the system after the first lifting season, and a second set of tests was conducted measuring 175 history plot seedlings. In these tests, manual measurements made by researchers correlated well with machine vision measurements of root collar diameter and tap root length. Overall sample distribution results were also in close agreement for root collar diameter, tap root length, and bud tip height. With the machine vision system, seedling samples can be measured by 1 person in approximately the same or less time than it takes 2 people to measure them manually. South. J. Appl. For. 21(2):90-96.

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Influence of mycorrhizal preparation on seedling growth and Armillaria infestation

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/198/2020-jfs ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 67 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 155-164

Author(s):

František Lorenc ◽

Jan Lubojacký ◽

Tomáš Tonka

Keyword(s):

Seedling Survival ◽

Abies Alba ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Control Group ◽

Root Collar Diameter ◽

Diameter Increment ◽

Survival Percentage ◽

Treatment Type ◽

Collar Diameter ◽

Root Collar

The influence of three types of treatment on seedling survival percentage, growth and Armillaria infestation of Fagus sylvatica L. (FAGUS), Abies alba Mill. (ABIES) and Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. (PICEA) seedlings were tested in this study: (i) inoculation with the Ectovit® preparation containing ectomycorrhizal fungi (INOCUL), (ii) Ectovit® preparation + Conavit® fertilizer (INOCUL + FERTILIZ) and (iii) the untreated group (CONTROL). The selected sample contained 100 seedlings per each tree species and treatment type (900 seedlings in total). Besides that, 18 months after planting, 10 living seedlings per each species and treatment (90 seedlings in total) were sampled to evaluate root dry mass and Armillaria infestation. The data were statistically evaluated by frequency analysis, analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis test. The overall seedling survival percentage was very low, probably due to extreme drought and high temperatures, with significantly lower results for the ABIES INOCUL + FERTILIZ and PICEA INOCUL + FERTILIZ groups. All tested growth characteristics (seedling height increment, root collar diameter increment, seedling shoot dry weight, root dry mass) were significantly higher in PICEA seedlings. Root collar diameter increment showed significant differences within each species and inconsistent results. Armillaria was detected only in the PICEA CONTROL group as rhizomorphs identified as A. ostoyae. The results suggest that the artificial mycorrhizal preparation can be an efficient method of preventing Armillaria infestation, especially in spruce seedlings.

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Variability of some morphological traits of one-year old red oak, black walnut, birch and wild pear seedlings in the nurseries of Jastrebac region

Glasnik Sumarskog fakulteta ◽

10.2298/gsf0286147k ◽

2002 ◽

pp. 147-160

Author(s):

Milun Krstic ◽

Nevena Vojinovic

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Root Length ◽

Black Walnut ◽

Red Oak ◽

Root Collar Diameter ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Collar Diameter ◽

One Year ◽

Root Collar ◽

Oak Seedlings

Five morphological and quantitative characteristics of one-year old seedlings of Red oak (Quercus rubra L), Black walnut (Juglans nigra L), Wild pear (Pyrus pygrowser Borkh) and Birch (Betula verrucosa Ehrh) were studied. The seedlings were produced and cultivated in the controlled conditions of the nursery in the region of Jastrebac, by the classical method. Aboveground seedling height, root collar diameter, root length, number of secondary roots and the leaf assimilation area were analysed. Intraspecific and interspecific variability of morphological features of the above species were assessed by the comparative analysis and statistical methods The comparative analysis shows the great individual variability of seedlings, which can indicate their genetic potential, adaptation to environment conditions, further spontaneous selection and the development in natural conditions. This justifies the need of the quality assessment and the first selection already in the nursery, in order to ensure the quality planting material and to reduce the risk of afforestation failure One-year old birch seedlings have the lowest average height (18.8 cm). Black walnut and Wild pear seedlings are approximately twice as high, and Red oak about 2.5 times higher. At the same time Red oak seedlings have for about one-fourth greater height than Black walnut, and for one-third greater height than Wild pear. Wild pear seedlings attain the averagely twice larger root collar diameter than Birch (2.8 cm), Red oak seedlings about 2.5 times larger diameter, and Black walnut 3.5 times larger diameter. Black walnut has a larger root collar diameter than Red oak for about one third, and almost twice larger than Wild pear. Birch, Red oak and Wild pear have almost twice longer root (1.8-1.9 times), Black walnut about 2.25 times longer. The total assimilation area of a Birch seedling is averagely 89.0 cm2. Compared to birch, wild pear has approximately double assimilation area per tree, Red oak 10 times larger, Black walnut even 14 times larger assimilation area The analysis of variance shows that the experiment is homogeneous in general, i.e. that variance within the group of the same species per all characteristics is not statistically significant at the level p>0.01. The statistically significant difference was found in the attained heights of one-year old seedlings of Red oak and Birch, as well as between them and other species, while there is no difference between Black walnut and Wild pear. All analysed species differ significantly in root collar diameter of one-year old seedlings. Black walnut and Birch differ significantly in root length, and also compared to other species. There are no statistically significant differences in root length between Red oak and Wild pear. All the analysed species differ statistically significantly per total assimilation area of one seedling .

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Growth of bare root Pinus taeda, L. seedlings cultivated under five densities in nursery

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162007000100004 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 23-29

Author(s):

José Geraldo de Araújo Carneiro ◽

Deborah Guerra Barroso ◽

Luis Maurício da Silva Soares

Keyword(s):

Pinus Taeda ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Root Systems ◽

Root Collar Diameter ◽

Plant Densities ◽

Collar Diameter ◽

Bare Root ◽

Pinus Taeda L ◽

Root Collar ◽

Dry Matter Weight

Seedlings compete for nutrients, water and light. The available area for each seedling affects their behavior related to requirements for these resources. This experiment evaluated the influence of five plant densities on the growth of bare root Pinus taeda, L. seedlings in a nursery after outplanting. The analyzed characteristics were: height (H), root collar diameter (D), H/D ratio, and dry matter weight. Higher densities stimulated H growth and the lowest densities increased D average and dry matter weight and lowered the H/D ratio. Seedlings were distributed by H, D and H/D classes. Higher densities had a larger number of seedlings in larger H classes. Larger numbers of seedlings with larger D and lower H/D ratios were found in lower densities. Ten months after outplanting the seedlings grown in lower densities had higher survival percentages and growth. Some saplings of standardized heights were uprooted with the objective of studying their root systems. The lowest densities stimulated higher numbers of first and second order roots as well as fresh and dry matter weights of thin roots with mycorrhizae presence. In both parts of the experiment, the density of 278 seedlings m-2 yielded equivalent averages as compared to the lowest densities.

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Growth Regulators Affect the Growth and Biochemical Activity of Curcuma longa Plants Grown in vitro

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n10p277 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 277 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Meire Pereira de Souza Ferrari ◽

Mayara dos Santos Queiroz ◽

Matheus Marquezini de Andrade ◽

Jessica Rezende Trettel ◽

Hélida Mara Magalhães

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Enzymatic Activity ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Curcuma Longa ◽

Ms Medium ◽

Biochemical Activity ◽

Root Collar Diameter ◽

Collar Diameter ◽

Root Collar

This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro growth and biochemical activity of Curcuma longa explants using different MS medium formulations and growth regulators. In all the experiments, plants were grown in MS medium supplemented with agar (6.5 g L-1) and pH adjusted to 5.8. In the first assay, the MS culture medium at 70% strength, supplemented with 30 g L-1 of sucrose, and without the addition of activated carbon, resulted in the highest number of shoots. The sucrose concentration of 60 g L-1, combined with the addition of actived charcoalin half-strength MS medium, resulted in the increased root dry mass, root collar diameter, and relative chlorophyll index. In the second assay, the highest root collar diameter and dry matter of shoots and roots were found in the MS medium supplemented with 4.44 BAP, 0.46 KIN, and 1.08 NAA. The MS medium with 8.88 BAP, 0.92 KIN, and 2.16 μM NAA resulted in the highest number of shoots (7.75), number of leaves (35), and shoot length (88.57 mm). The antioxidant activity was significantly higher in the treatments that resulted in better plantlets growth performance, demonstrating that the antioxidant activity is related to other factors such as a possible role of growth regulators on the elicitation of compounds in plants. Superoxide dismutase had a high enzymatic activity in both assays, whereas the enzymatic activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase was dependent on the culture media used.

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Relationship between morphological and physiological attributes of hop hornbeam seedlings

Glasnik Sumarskog fakulteta ◽

10.2298/gsf1308039i ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 39-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vladan Ivetic ◽

Zoran Davorija ◽

Dragica Vilotic

Keyword(s):

Potassium Concentration ◽

Growing Season ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Seedling Quality ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Strong Correlations ◽

Morphological Attributes ◽

Collar Diameter ◽

Root Collar ◽

Ostrya Carpinifolia

Most commonly used morphological attributes were correlated with nutrient concentration in order to standardize quality assessment of two-year-old hop hornbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia Scop.) seedlings. Diameter has proven to be the best single morphological indicator of seedling quality given its strong positive correlation with all other observed morphological attributes. Seedling dry mass (shoot and root dry mass) and Dickson Quality Index can be considered the most comprehensive indicators of hop hornbeam seedling quality. However, the measuring of mass is destructive and requires a certain amount of time. The absence of strong correlations between physiological and morphological attributes of two-year old seedlings of hop hornbeam suggests the need for further research. The only significant correlation between physiological and morphological attributes (weak and positive) was recorded between the potassium concentration in root and root collar diameter after the second growing season.

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Use of Time-of-Flight Ultrasound to Measure Wave Speed in Poplar Seedlings

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10080682 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 682 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fenglu Liu ◽

Pengfei Xu ◽

Houjiang Zhang ◽

Cheng Guan ◽

Dan Feng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ultrasonic Velocity ◽

Wood Density ◽

Microfibril Angle ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Acoustic Resonance ◽

Ultrasonic Speed ◽

Root Collar Diameter ◽

Collar Diameter ◽

Root Collar ◽

Poplar Seedlings

In this study, 145 poplar (Populus × euramericana cv.’74/76’) seedlings, a common plantation tree species in China, were selected and their ultrasonic velocities were measured at four timepoints during the first growth year. After that, 60 poplar seedlings were randomly selected and cut down to determine their acoustic velocity, using the acoustic resonance method. The effects of influencing factors such as wood green density, microfibril angle, growth days, and root-collar diameter on acoustic speed in seedlings and the relationship between ultrasonic speed and acoustic resonance speed were investigated and analyzed in this work. The number of specimens used for investigating growth days and root-collar diameter was 145 in both cases, while 60 and two specimens were used for investigating wood density and the microfibril angle, respectively. The results of this study showed that the ultrasonic speed of poplar seedlings significantly and linearly increased with growth days, within 209 growing days. The ultrasonic velocity of poplar seedlings has a high and positive correlation with growth days, and the correlation was 0.99. However, no significant relationship was found between the ultrasonic velocity and root-collar diameter of poplar seedlings. Furthermore, a low and negative relationship was found between wood density and ultrasonic speed (R2 = 0.26). However, ultrasonic velocity significantly decreased with increasing microfibril angle (MFA) in two seedlings, and thus MFA may have an impact on ultrasonic speed in poplar seedlings. In addition, ultrasonic velocity was found to have a strong correlation with acoustic resonance velocity (R2 = 0.81) and a good correlation, R2 = 0.75, was also found between the dynamic moduli of elasticity from ultrasonic and acoustic resonance tests. The results of this study indicate that the ultrasonic technique can possibly be used to measure the ultrasound speed of young seedlings, and thus early screen seedlings for their stiffness properties in the future.

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