scholarly journals Fine-Root Responses of Populus tomentosa Forests to Stand Density

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijuan Bo ◽  
Chunyan Wen ◽  
Lianjun Song ◽  
Yatao Yue ◽  
Lishui Nie
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Populus Tomentosa ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Root Responses

Stand density directly affects the distribution of ecological factors such as light, heat, and water in forest communities and changes the diversity and structure of undergrowth species, thereby affecting soil health. Fine roots can provide water and nutrients to plants rapidly in the fierce competition of soil resources, so as to get rid of environmental factors. This study examined the fine-root responses of the Populus tomentosa clone S86 to three stand densities (plant × row spacing: 2 × 2 m, 4 × 3 m, 4 × 5 m). We measured the biomass, morphology, and nitrogen content of lower- (1–3 order) and higher-order (>3 order) fine roots, and analyzed soil chemical properties in 10–30 cm. The soil from the density (2 × 2 m) stands showed lower soil organic matter content, available nitrogen, available phosphorous, and available potassium than others. Obviously, lower and higher-order fine roots were different: biomass of the >3 order accounted for 77–87% of the total biomass, 1–3-order fine-root diameter around 0.28–0.38 mm, while >3-order fine root were 1.28–1.69 mm; the length of 1–3-order fine root was longer than the >3 order, and root length density, specific root length, and nutrient content between the 1–3 and >3 orders were different. At 2 × 2 m, 1–3-order fine-root biomass was the highest, 132.5 g/m3, and the 1–3-order fine-root length, diameter, surface, root length density was also the highest; at the same time, the 1–3-order fine-root total nitrogen and organic matter content was also the highest, while the >3 order was highest under 4 × 3 m or 4 × 5 m. The findings of this study show that stand density affected the available nutrient content of the soil. When soil resources were poor, the biomass, morphology, and chemical content of fine roots were adjusted to increase the nutrient absorption rate, particularly in the lower-order roots.

scholarly journals Dwarfing Effect of Apple Rootstocks Is Intimately Associated with Low Number of Fine Roots

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haishan An ◽  
Feixiong Luo ◽  
Ting Wu ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Xuefeng Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Fine Root Production ◽  
The Impact

Fine root (≤2 mm in diameter) systems play a pivotal role in water and mineral uptake in higher plants. However, the impact of fine root architecture on tree growth and development is not fully understood, especially in apple trees. Here, we summarize a 6-year-trial study using minirhizotrons to investigate the relationships between fine root production, mortality, and longevity in ‘Red Fuji’ trees grafted on five different rootstocks/interstems. Based on root length density (RLD), fine root production and mortality were markedly lower in ‘Red Fuji’ trees growing on dwarfing M.9 (M.9) and Shao series no. 40 (SH.40) rootstocks than in trees on standard Malus robusta ‘Baleng Crab’ (BC) rootstock. The use of M.9 and SH.40 as interstems led to an extensive reduction in fine root production and mortality in comparison with BC rootstock. Root number density (RND), but not average root length (ARL), showed similar patterns to RLD. About one-half of fine roots in ‘Red Fuji’ tree growing on M.9 were scattered within the top 0–20 cm of topsoil, indicating shallow root system in M.9, whereas in trees on BC, 55.15% of fine roots were distributed between 100- and 150-cm soil depth, indicating a deep root architecture. The addition of interstems did not alter fine root soil-depth distribution. For all rootstocks/interstems, fine roots with a life span of less than 80 days were generated in spring and summer, but fine roots which lived for more than 81 days were produced almost all the year round. In conclusion, lower fine root numbers were associated with the dwarfing effect in dwarfing rootstocks/interstems, but ARL and shallower rooting were not.

Fine-root distribution of coniferous plantations in relation to site in southern Buenos Aires, Argentina

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1575-1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián Ares ◽  
Norman Peinemann
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Root Density ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Coniferous Plantations

A study was conducted to determine the amounts and vertical distribution of fine roots <2 mm as a function of site quality in a temperate, hilly zone of Argentina. Fine roots were sampled in autumn from 0.2-ha plots established in 12 coniferous plantations of Pinushalepensis Mill., Pinusradiata D. Don, Cedrusdeodara (D. Don) G. Don, and Cupressussempervirens L.f. horizontalis, located in Sierra de la Ventana, southern Buenos Aires. Generally, root density was found to be higher under low-growth stands. The distance from a tree sometimes had an effect on root density, but no clear pattern within stands could be observed. Root density commonly decreased with depth, but slight irregularities in some profiles were observed. Site quality and soil type influenced root distribution. Belowground biomass up to a depth of 50 cm ranged from 1600 to 9800 kg•ha−1 in high-growth stands and from 5400 to 40 700 kg•ha−1 in low-growth stands. Soil organic matter content provided the best correlation with root density. A possible practical implication would be the use of indices related to vertical distribution of organic matter, among other variables, as complementary estimators of effective depth of rooting. The results strongly suggest that trees maintain a large fine-root system in poor sites at the expense of aboveground growth.

Fine root biomass and nutrient content in a black spruce peat soil with and without alder

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Bhatti ◽  
N. W. Foster ◽  
P. W. Hazlett
Keyword(s):  
Fine Roots ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Fine Root Biomass ◽  
Boreal Peatlands ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship

Vertical distribution of fine root biomass and nutrient content was examined within a black spruce (Picea mariana) stand growing on a boreal peat soil in northeastern Ontario. The influence of site physical and chemical properties on fine root biomass production was assessed. More then 80% of the fine roots were present in moss plus the top 10 cm of peat where nutrients and aeration are most favourable. The fine root biomass (W/V) was significantly higher with alder (5.9 kg m−3) (Alnus rugosa) as understory vegetation compared to non-alder locations (2.9 kg m−3). Total nutrient content in fine roots was 54, 3.2, 5.4, 63 and 5.7 kg ha−1 on the alder site and 20, 1.4, 2.3, 28 and 4.2 kg ha−1 of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg on the non-alder site, respectively. The mass (W/V) of nutrients in fine roots was strongly dependent upon the availability of nutrients in the peat. Fine root content had a strong positive relationship with peat available P and exchangeable K contents suggesting that P and K may be limiting nutrients for black spruce in this peat soil. Key words: Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, boreal peatlands, aeration, water table

scholarly journals The effect of various composts on vegetable green mass on two soil types

2017 ◽  
pp. 179-183
Author(s):  
Judit Szűcsné Szolomájer ◽  
Marianna Makádi ◽  
Ibolya Demeter ◽  
Attila Tomócsik ◽  
Tibor Aranyos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Supply Capacity

Composting of sewage sludges makes easier the utilization of sewage sludge in the agriculture and the composts in good quality could increase the nutrient content of soil. Due to the composting process, the sewage sludge composts with high organic matter content can be utilized in the same way as other composts or farmyard manure.Composts produced in different ways have different effects on the physical, chemical and biological properties of different soils, although their positive effects have already proved in the literature. In our study the effects of composts from different composting processes were investigated in soil-plant systems. The different physical and chemical properties of the two examined soil types (arenosol and chernozem)strongly influenced the nutrient supply capacity of composts which could be characterized by the growth of ray-grass as a test plant in the pot experiment. In this work we examined the effects of three different composts on the green weight of plants on the fourth and eighth weeks after the treatment and sowing.

Endomycorrhizal status of sugar maple in relation to tree decline and foliar, fine-roots, and soil chemistry in the Beauce region, Quebec

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 1168-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rock Ouimet ◽  
Claude Camiré ◽  
Valentin Furlan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Tree Decline

The Beauce region of Quebec has been relentlessly affected by sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) tree decline since the late 1970s. Nutrient disturbances are generally associated with maple decline, but the severity of decline symptoms can vary quite dramatically between individuals within a stand. Possible causes of this variability were investigated, including soil chemistry and endomycorrhization. Within 18 mature sugar maple stands, a comparative study of fine root colonization rate by endomycorrhizal fungi, and foliar, fine-roots, and soil-nutrient status between healthy and declining sugar maple trees was carried out. Three individuals showing a very low degree of decline symptoms (healthy) and three individuals in the vicinity exhibiting severe decline symptoms (declining) were selected in each stand. Although trees of both health classes were K and Ca deficient, the diagnosis revealed that those in the declining group were experiencing a more severe nutrient stress and lower stem radial growth than those in the healthy group. The percent colonization by endomycorrhizal fungi in fine roots of sugar maple varied from 8 to 40% among stands, with an average of 23%. However, the endomycorrhization rate was not related to tree health status. The frequency of endomycorrhization was positively correlated to soil pH and soil exchangeable Mg saturation, but negatively to the proportion of H + Al held on the soil exchange complex. Also, the rate of endomycorrhization was correlated positively to foliar and root Ca content, but negatively to foliar and root N content. Foliar N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Mn contents were positively correlated to corresponding nutrient content in fine roots. Fine-root chemistry was only partly related to soil chemistry. Declining trees had a lower foliar K content and a lower P and Ca content in fine roots than healthy ones. The results do not support the hypothesis that sugar maple decline and its disturbed nutrient status is associated with lower colonization by endomycorrhizal fungi in fine roots. They suggest, however, that soil chemical properties, particularly the soil composition in cations, regulates fine-root colonization by endomycorrhizal fungi and sugar maple nutrition and health. These results can neither confirm nor invalidate the hypothesis according to which a deleterious microbial population may have colonized the soil under declining trees. Key words: Acer saccharum, soil cation saturation, forest decline, nutrient status, fine root, endomycorrhizae.

scholarly journals The Effect of Inoculation With Amycolatopsis Strains On Yield and Nutrient Content of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) and Soil Microbiological Properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maira Kussainova ◽  
Rıdvan Kızılkaya
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Microbiological Properties

Abstract In this study, the yield and nutrient content of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in greenhouse conditions and soil microbiological properties were investigated. Inoculating Amycolatopsis strains, including A.magusensis DSM 45510T, A.orientalis DSM 40040T, and A.azurea DSM 43854T was considered. The mixture of wheat straw (WS) was used to increase soil organic matter content by 5%. It was determined that the grain and straw yield of wheat increased significantly (P < 0.001) in inoculation with Amycolatopsis strains in soils without WS. However, inoculation with Amycolatopsis strains in soil with WS significantly decreased grain and straw of wheat yield. Also, it was found that soil microbial biomass and soil basal respiration (SBR) increased in inoculation with Amycolatopsis strains in both soils with and without WS. While it was established that Cmic:Corg ratio of the control group in the soil samples at the end of the harvest was 1.23, infusing with Amycolatopsis strains was observed to be around 2.95–3.31. Moreover, inoculation with Amycolatopsis strains in soils with WS varied between 0.32–0.40. In the same way, it was determined the microbial metabolic quotient (qCO2) was 2.58 in the control group. This meaning was between 5.67–5.82 in infusing with Amycolatopsis strains and 6.04–6.41 in inoculating with Amycolatopsis strains in soils mixed with ground wheat stalk. As a result, it suggested that the yield of wheat could be increased inoculation with A.magusensis, A.orientalis, and A.azurea, from Amycolatopsis strains, in soils with low soil organic matter content and soils that cannot be shown an increment in terms of organic matter content.

scholarly journals RAINFALL REGIME ON FINE ROOT GROWTH IN A SEASONALLY DRY TROPICAL FOREST

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 458-469
Author(s):  
EUNICE MAIA DE ANDRADE ◽  
GILBERTO QUEVEDO ROSA ◽  
ALDENIA MENDES MASCENA DE ALMEIDA ◽  
ANTONIO GIVANILSON RODRIGUES DA SILVA ◽  
MARIA GINA TORRES SENA
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Fine Root Biomass ◽  
Rainfall Regime ◽  
Seasonally Dry ◽  
Fine Root Length ◽  
Fine Root Growth

ABSTRACT Seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTF) usually present dry seasons of eight or more months. Considering the concerns about the resilience of SDTF to climate changes, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the rainfall regime on fine root growth in a SDTF. The experiment started at the end of the wet season (July 2015), when fine roots were evaluated and ingrowth cores were implemented. The temporal growth of fine roots in the 0-30 cm soil layer was monitored, considering the 0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm sublayers, through six samplings from November 2015 to July 2017. The characteristics evaluated were fine root biomass, fine root length, fine root specific length, and fine root mean diameter. The significances of the root growths over time and space were tested by the Kruskal-Wallis test (p<0.05). Fine roots (Ø<2 mm) were separated and dried in an oven (65 °C) until constant weight. The root length was determined using the Giaroots software. The fine root biomass in July 2015 was 7.7±5.0 Mg ha-1 and the length was 5.0±3.2 km m-2. Fine root growth in SDTF is strongly limited by dry periods, occurring decreases in biomass and length of fine roots in all layers evaluated. Fine root growth occurs predominantly in rainy seasons, with fast response of the root system to rainfall events, mainly in root length.

Dynamics of fine-root production and mortality of Scots pine in waterlogged peat soil during the growing season

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 510-518
Author(s):  
Tapani Repo ◽  
Timo Domisch ◽  
Jouni Kilpeläinen ◽  
Sirpa Piirainen ◽  
Raimo Silvennoinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Fine Root Length

Excess water in the rooting zone critically reduces tree growth and may even kill trees; however, the relative importance of damage to roots versus aboveground parts and the time course of damage are not well understood. We studied the dynamics of fine-root growth and mortality of 7-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) saplings affected by a 5-week period of waterlogging (WL) during the growing season. Two out of six WL-exposed saplings survived the treatment. After 1–2 weeks of WL, the mortality of the first-order short roots (usually mycorrhizas) started to increase and the production of these roots started to decrease. WL decreased the longevity of short and long roots. Total root length (especially of fine roots with a diameter < 0.5 mm), specific fine-root length, total root dry mass (including stump), and reverse-flow root hydraulic conductance were lower in WL saplings than in control saplings at the end of the experiment; however, several root traits were similar in control and surviving WL saplings. Because of the high importance of fine roots for tree growth and carbon sequestration, their responses to elevated water tables should be considered in sustainable use and management of boreal peatland forests, for example, by continuous cover forestry and (or) ditch network maintenance.

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