scholarly journals SASLedger: A Secured, Accelerated Scalable Storage Solution for Distributed Ledger Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Haoli Sun ◽  
Bingfeng Pi ◽  
Jun Sun ◽  
Takeshi Miyamae ◽  
Masanobu Morinaga
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
Transaction Data ◽  
Scalable Storage ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Replicated Data ◽  
Block Data ◽  
Full Copy ◽  
Storage Solution

Blockchain technology provides a “tamper-proof distributed ledger” for its users. Typically, to ensure the integrity and immutability of the transaction data, each node in a blockchain network retains a full copy of the ledger; however, this characteristic imposes an increasing storage burden upon each node with the accumulation of data. In this paper, an off-chain solution is introduced to relieve the storage burden of blockchain nodes while ensuring the integrity of the off-chain data. In our solution, an off-chain remote DB server stores the fully replicated data while the nodes only store the commitments of the data to verify whether the off-chain data are tampered with. To minimize the influence on performance, the nodes will store data locally at first and transfer it to the remote DB server when otherwise idle. Our solution also supports accessing all historical data for newly joined nodes through a snapshot mechanism. The solution is implemented based on the Hyperledger Fabric (HLF). Experiments show that our solution reduces the block data for blockchain nodes by 93.3% compared to the original HLF and that our advanced solution enhances the TPS by 9.6% compared to our primary solution.

scholarly journals Blockchain Technology Adoption in Supply Chain Finance

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 3078-3098
Author(s):  
Arief Rijanto
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Accounts Receivable ◽  
Transaction Data ◽  
Purchase Order ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Supply Chain Finance ◽  
Distributed Ledger

Supply Chain Finance (SCF) faces the complex problem of implementing inventory, purchase order and accounts receivable financing automation in terms of transaction data trust and validation. This paper aims to explore how blockchain technology adoption solves the SCF problem using a multi-case method based on the Technological Acceptance Model (TAM). With purposive sampling, 30 cases were selected on the criteria of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use in solving SCF problems. The results show that trust, validity and distributed ledger transaction data as perceived usefulness are the main drivers of blockchain adoption because it provides solutions to SCF automation problems such as Know Your Customer (KYC), accounting, and transaction settlement. Smart contracts offer easy and fast transactions such as in L/C export processing as perceived ease to use. Of the 30 blockchain projects, 21 offer the usefulness of automated accounts receivable financing, 15 offer easy-to-use purchase order financing and 8 offer easy-to-use inventory financing processes. This study provides the current state of blockchain technology adoption by exploring 30 real application cases in SCF globally. Blockchain advantages provide automation solutions in global supply SCF practices with smart contracts, transparency and security of distributed ledger data feature.

From Supply Chain Management to Blockchain-Based Management

2019 ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
G. V. Zubakov ◽  
O D. Protsenko ◽  
I. O. Protsenko
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Mutual Trade ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Supply Chain Management System ◽  
The Government

The presented study addresses the current problems in the implementation of the distributed ledger (blockchain) technology in supply chain management mechanisms in the context of the digital economy. Aim. The study aims to analyze the application of the blockchain technology in modern economic processes from the perspective of logistics.Tasks. The authors consider the possibility of using the blockchain technology in the supply chain management system and explore ways to use the findings of the Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) in the fieldof digital economy to organize information standardization processes within the supply chains of foreign and mutual trade.Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition to examine approaches to the implementation of the blockchain technology in transport and logistics processes and to find opportunities for the implementation of smart contracts to ensure the traceability of the entire chain of commodity and information fl ws.Results. Implementation of the distributed ledger (blockchain) technology in the logistics processes of foreign and mutual trade increases the transparency of information fl ws and the speed of decisionmaking. This technology would allow the parties to negotiate directly, minimizing potential risks and the time required to approve a supply deal.Conclusions. The authors consider the possibility of using a systematic approach to the digitalization of transport and logistics processes and the subsequent standardization of information interaction at the B2B, B2G, and G2G levels, segmented by separate fields of transport and foreign trade and individual economic sectors. As a conclusion, the study assesses the prospects of the practical implementation of blockchain mechanisms in the creation of industrial platforms — digital platforms that provide integrated services for businesses and the government using a single window system.

Money Code Space

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Parkin
Keyword(s):  
Open Source Software ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Challenging Research ◽  
Digital Politics ◽  
Financial Transactions ◽  
And Control

Newly emerging cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology present a challenging research problem in the field of digital politics and economics. Bitcoin—the first widely implemented cryptocurrency and blockchain architecture—seemingly separates itself from the existing territorial boundedness of nation-state money via a process of algorithmic decentralisation. Proponents declare that the utilisation of cryptography to advance financial transactions will disrupt the modern centralised structures by which capitalist economies are currently organised: corporations, governments, commercial banks, and central banks. Allegedly, software can create a more stable and democratic global economy; a world free from hierarchy and control. In Money Code Space, Jack Parkin debunks these utopian claims by approaching distributed ledger technologies as a spatial and social problem where power forms unevenly across their networks. First-hand accounts of online communities, open-source software governance, infrastructural hardware operations, and Silicon Valley start-up culture are used to ground understandings of cryptocurrencies in the “real world.” Consequently, Parkin demonstrates how Bitcoin and other blockchains are produced across a multitude of tessellated spaces from which certain stakeholders exercise considerable amounts of power over their networks. While money, code, and space are certainly transformed by distributed ledgers, algorithmic decentralisation is rendered inherently paradoxical because it is predicated upon centralised actors, practices, and forces.

scholarly journals BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AS AN ANTI-CORRUPTION MANAGEMENT TOOL

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (167) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
S. Burlutska ◽  
O. Chabanenko
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Identity Verification ◽  
Transaction Data ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
The World ◽  
Money Transfers

The world has not yet come up with a single recipe for fighting corruption. But thanks to constant progress, anti-corruption strategies are replenished with effective innovation mechanisms. The global experience of using blockchain opens up new prospects for eliminating corruption in the world. Blockchain is an opportunity not only to modernize outdated functional systems, but also to apply new, more effective means of combating corruption and cybercrime. One of the main advantages of the blockchain is that all network participants have a register of transaction data. Therefore, if someone decides to hide, delete or change their recalculations in the accounting book, then copies of these transactions still remain in tens of thousands of other users and the system immediately accesses them. Therefore, a few minutes will be enough to solve the issues of detecting a crime. Today, it is worth highlighting 3 types of widespread use of blockchain technology in the fight against corruption: identity verification, asset registration and tracking of monetary transactions. For example, you can check the purpose of money transfers in real time, see salary payments, and compare prices among suppliers. Like any type of crime, corruption in human society cannot be completely excluded. However, decentralized platforms functioning on blockchain technology, already today, firstly, can directly bring together the customer and the executor, and secondly, all the conditions agreed upon by the participants can then be easily verified (thus, it will be impossible to imperceptibly inflate the price when using blockchain). Blockchain technology is in demand because it creates an unprecedented degree of trust in information in relationships between individuals and public organizations, or between the state, people and private institutions.

scholarly journals P2P Payment using Blockchain Technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Savinay Mengi ◽  
Astha Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Control ◽  
Distributed Database ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
P2p Network ◽  
The Internet ◽  
P2p Networks ◽  
Transaction Data ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Single User ◽  
Human Problem

A Blockchain protocol operates on top of the Internet, on a P2P network of computers that all run the protocol and hold an identical copy of the ledger of transactions, enabling P2P value transactions without a middleman though machine consensus. The concept of Blockchain first came to fame in October 2008, as part of a proposal for Bitcoin, with the aim to create P2P money without banks. Bitcoin introduced a novel solution to the age-old human problem of trust. The underlying blockchain technology allows us to trust the outputs of the system without trusting any actor within it. People and institutions who do not know or trust each other, reside in different countries, are subject to different jurisdictions, and who have no legally binding agreements with each other, can now interact over the Internet without the need for trusted third parties like banks, Internet platforms, or other types of clearing institutions. Ideas around cryptographically secured P2P networks have been discussed in the academic environment in different evolutionary stages, mostly in theoretical papers, since the 1980s. “Proof-of-Work” is the consensus mechanism that enables distributed control over the ledger. It is based on a combination of economic incentives and cryptography. Blockchain is a shared, trusted, public ledger of transactions, that everyone can inspect but which no single user controls. It is a distributed database that maintains a continuously growing list of transaction data records, cryptographically secured from tampering and revision.

scholarly journals Discussion on Payment Application in Cross-border E-Commerce Platform from the Perspective of Blockchain

2021 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 03020
Author(s):  
Qian Liao ◽  
Mimi Shao
Keyword(s):  
Information Leakage ◽  
Consumer Information ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Cash Payment ◽  
Asymmetric Encryption ◽  
Further Development

Features like the distributed ledger, consensus mechanism, asymmetric encryption technology, smart contract and Token of blockchain can lower transaction cost, enhance trust between customers and merchants, as well as eliminate false payment and consumer information leakage, problems which are common in current payment of cross-border E-Commerce platform. Based on the analysis of existing scholars, this paper studied two payment models: digital cash payment based on blockchain technology and the application of blockchain in third-party payment platform. Then the paper discussed the mechanism of blockchain in cross-border e-commerce payment platform, and creatively proposed a blockchain cross-border e-commerce payment platform, serving as reference and guidance for further development of blockchain technology in cross-border payment.1

Blockchain as a Disruptive Technology

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-173
Author(s):  
Gopala Krishna Behara ◽  
Tirumala Khandrika
Keyword(s):  
Digital Signature ◽  
Disruptive Technology ◽  
Distributed Network ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger

Blockchain is a digital, distributed, and decentralized network to store information in a tamper-proof way with an automated way to enforce trust among different participants. An open distributed ledger can record all transactions between different parties efficiently in a verifiable and permanent way. It captures and builds consensus among participants in the network. Each block is uniquely connected to the previous blocks via a digital signature which means that making a change to a record without disturbing the previous records in the chain is not possible, thus rendering the information tamper-proof. Blockchain holds the potential to disrupt any form of transaction that requires information to be trusted. This means that all intermediaries of trust, as they exist today, exposed to disruption in some form with the initiation of Blockchain technology. Blockchain works by validating transactions through a distributed network in order to create a permanent, verified, and unalterable ledger of information.

Blockchain Technology in Higher Education

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irshad Hussain ◽  
Ozlem Cakir
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Distributed Learning ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
The Social

Blockchain, which is also called a distributed ledger technology (DLT), is an emerging and ever advancing technology having flourishing potential for nourishing and revolutionizing higher education. It stems in decentralization and distributed learning with characteristics of permanence of records, pursuit and transfer of knowledge, authority of institutions, and reliability of teaching and learning. These characteristics of blockchain attract educational institutions particularly the higher education institutions to adopt it. However, in spite of all potential and benefits of blockchain technology, the higher education stakeholders currently seem to be less aware of the social benefits and educational/instructional potential of blockchain technology. It can be addressed through proper advocacy and campaign. The complete chapter will demonstrate possibilities of blockchain technologies in higher education along with its issues and challenges.

Blockchain Technology as a Bridging Infrastructure Among Formal, Non-Formal, and Informal Learning Processes

2021 ◽  
pp. 959-970
Author(s):  
Aras Bozkurt ◽  
Hasan Ucar
Keyword(s):  
Informal Learning ◽  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Educational Experiences ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Web 3.0 ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Educational Processes ◽  
Formal And Informal Learning

Blockchain is an online decentralized and distributed ledger technology that has the ability to keep and track records in a safe, verifiable, and transparent manner. More significantly, it has an infrastructure that is compatible with Web 3.0, which offers great potential for lifelong learning. This chapter explains the different modalities of learning (formal, non-formal, informal), blockchain technology, and its current use in educational processes. Based on the findings, the authors suggest that blockchain technology can be used to connect and interlink different educational experiences that occur in different educational modalities, enabling us to evaluate educational processes holistically and thus promote lifelong learning through the use of cutting-edge technologies.

Semantic and Blockchain Technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-71
Author(s):  
Aswini R. ◽  
Padmapriya N.
Keyword(s):  
Digital Signature ◽  
Third Party ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Information Distribution ◽  
The Past ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Semantic Layer

Blockchain is a distributed ledger with the ability of keeping up the uprightness of exchanges by decentralizing the record among participating clients. The key advancement is that it enables its users to exchange resources over the internet without the requirement for a centralised third party. Also, each 'block' is exceptionally associated with the past blocks by means of digital signature which implies that creation a change to a record without exasperating the previous records in the chain is beyond the realm of imagination, in this way rendering the data tamper-proof. A semantic layer based upon a blockchain framework would join the advantages of adaptable administration disclosure and approval by consensus. This chapter examines the engineering supporting the blockchain and portrays in detail how the information distribution is done, the structure of the block itself, the job of the block header, the block identifier, and the idea of the Genesis block.

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