Blockchain as a Disruptive Technology

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-173
Author(s):  
Gopala Krishna Behara ◽  
Tirumala Khandrika
Keyword(s):  
Digital Signature ◽  
Disruptive Technology ◽  
Distributed Network ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger

Blockchain is a digital, distributed, and decentralized network to store information in a tamper-proof way with an automated way to enforce trust among different participants. An open distributed ledger can record all transactions between different parties efficiently in a verifiable and permanent way. It captures and builds consensus among participants in the network. Each block is uniquely connected to the previous blocks via a digital signature which means that making a change to a record without disturbing the previous records in the chain is not possible, thus rendering the information tamper-proof. Blockchain holds the potential to disrupt any form of transaction that requires information to be trusted. This means that all intermediaries of trust, as they exist today, exposed to disruption in some form with the initiation of Blockchain technology. Blockchain works by validating transactions through a distributed network in order to create a permanent, verified, and unalterable ledger of information.

Semantic and Blockchain Technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-71
Author(s):  
Aswini R. ◽  
Padmapriya N.
Keyword(s):  
Digital Signature ◽  
Third Party ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Information Distribution ◽  
The Past ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Semantic Layer

Blockchain is a distributed ledger with the ability of keeping up the uprightness of exchanges by decentralizing the record among participating clients. The key advancement is that it enables its users to exchange resources over the internet without the requirement for a centralised third party. Also, each 'block' is exceptionally associated with the past blocks by means of digital signature which implies that creation a change to a record without exasperating the previous records in the chain is beyond the realm of imagination, in this way rendering the data tamper-proof. A semantic layer based upon a blockchain framework would join the advantages of adaptable administration disclosure and approval by consensus. This chapter examines the engineering supporting the blockchain and portrays in detail how the information distribution is done, the structure of the block itself, the job of the block header, the block identifier, and the idea of the Genesis block.

Blockchain and Its Integration as a Disruptive Technology

2020 ◽  
pp. 261-290
Author(s):  
Dhanalakshmi Senthilkumar
Keyword(s):  
Elliptic Curve ◽  
Digital Signature ◽  
Public Key ◽  
Disruptive Technology ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Digital Signature Algorithm ◽  
Record Data ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Financial Transactions

Blockchain is the process of development in bitcoin. It's a digitized, decentralized, distributed ledger of cryptocurrency transactions. The central authorities secure that transaction with other users to validate transactions and record data, data is encrypted and immutable format with secured manner. The cryptography systems make use for securing the process of recording transactions in private and public key pair with ensuring secrecy and authenticity. Ensuring bitcoin transaction, to be processed in network, and ensuring transaction used for elliptic curve digital signature algorithm, all transactions are valid and in chronological order. The blockchain systems potential to transform financial and model of governance. In Blockchain, databases hold their information in an encrypted state, that only the private keys must be kept, so these AI algorithms are expected to increasingly be used, whether financial transactions are fraudulent, and should be blocked or investigated.

Concept of Blockchain Technology and Its Emergence

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Padmavathi U. ◽  
Narendran Rajagopalan
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Disruptive Technology ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Authentication And Authorization ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Blockchain refers to a distributed ledger technology that helps people to regulate and manage their information without any intermediaries. This technology emerges as a promising panacea for authentication and authorization with potential for use in every possible domain including financial, manufacturing, educational institutions, etc. Blockchain has its birth through the concept of Bitcoin, a digital cryptocurrency by Satoshi Nakamoto, called as Blockchain 1.0. Blockchain 2.0 came into existence in 2014 with Ethereum and smart contracts. The challenges such as scalability, interoperability, sustainability, and governance led to the next generation of Blockchain also called as IOTA, a blockchainless cryptocurrency for the internet of things runs on the top of their own ledger called Tangle, which is immune towards quantum computers. This disruptive technology evolved to provide cross chain support and more security through Blockchain 4.0. Finally, the chapter concludes by discussing the various applications of this technology and its advantages and security issues.

scholarly journals Blockchain Technology in Agriculture

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
V. V. S. S. Anusha ◽  
S. R. Padma
Keyword(s):  
Digital Signature ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
Working Mechanism ◽  
Agricultural Insurance ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic

The World Economic Forum marked Blockchain technology (BCT) as one of the seven revolutionary technologies of the future. It is a distributed ledger system ensuring transparency, security, immutability, interoperability, and provenance. This article tries to understand the technological aspects, working mechanism and explore different areas where BCT can be applied in agriculture. Data in BCT is stored in a series of blocks contains the hash value (previous and the current), timestamp, and difficulty details, secured cryptographically with a symmetric or asymmetric digital signature to avoid data tampering and fraud. Traceability (supply chain), using Smart contracts (in Agricultural insurance, Crop finance, Land records) achieved by the BCT and the companies (Carrefour, Trace harvest), states (Telangana, Andhra Pradesh), and countries (Kenya, European Union) practicing are discussed. The Farmer producer company- Sahyadri farms keen implementation of blockchain fetched benefits to farmers amid Covid times. Finally, addressing the barriers in practicing the BCT in India- Technology maturity, energy cost, and education. The massive potential of BCT is yet untapped, to reach up to the farmer level, which will flourish in the coming years.

scholarly journals An Overview of Blockchain Technology

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Karthik C
Keyword(s):  
Digital Signature ◽  
Hash Function ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Consensus Algorithm ◽  
Public Key ◽  
Private Key ◽  
Linked List ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
A Chain

Blockchain Technology is an emerging technology nowadays. The Blockchain was first used as a Peer-to-Peer ledger for registering Bitcoin transactions. The blockchain is a singly linked list which consists of a number of transactions. The blockchain is a decentralized distributed ledger which consists of a number of blocks organized in the form of a chain. A block in blockchain consists of two parts data and hash pointer. The first block in the blockchain is known as genesis block. The transactions and data in the block are secured by cryptography. The data inside a block in blockchain can be anything like bank transactions, backup data etc., which are recorded chronologically and publicly. The Hash pointer of a block is a unique code generated by a hash function like SHA256, SHA-3 etc., the hash function used in bitcoin blockchain. A block consists of a public key and a private key, using hash function digital signature is generated to the block. This is how the data inside the blockchain is so secured. The blocks are added into the blockchain by verifying the transaction in the block, the transactions are verified by miners. The miners use consensus algorithm to solve the blocks.

The Implication of Blockchain as a Disruptive Technology for Construction Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-188
Author(s):  
Mohita Gangwar Sharma ◽  
Sunil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Modelling Technique ◽  
Disruptive Technology ◽  
Structural Modelling ◽  
Distributed Consensus ◽  
Interpretive Structural Modelling ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology

Adoption of blockchain technology has been widely construed as disruptive. Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology. It is secure by design because of its cryptography and distributed consensus mechanism, which also offers anonymity, persistence, auditability and resilience. The construction industry adopts a project-based approach and globally has been considered as a fragmented sector, predominantly in unorganised space. Given these characteristics, the technology adoption has been slow. This study looks at the challenges and adopts interpretive structural modelling technique to understand the linkages between these barriers. This study can provide managerial insights into designing strategies for overcoming the barriers for adoption of this disruptive technology.

From Supply Chain Management to Blockchain-Based Management

2019 ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
G. V. Zubakov ◽  
O D. Protsenko ◽  
I. O. Protsenko
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Mutual Trade ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Supply Chain Management System ◽  
The Government

The presented study addresses the current problems in the implementation of the distributed ledger (blockchain) technology in supply chain management mechanisms in the context of the digital economy. Aim. The study aims to analyze the application of the blockchain technology in modern economic processes from the perspective of logistics.Tasks. The authors consider the possibility of using the blockchain technology in the supply chain management system and explore ways to use the findings of the Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) in the fieldof digital economy to organize information standardization processes within the supply chains of foreign and mutual trade.Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition to examine approaches to the implementation of the blockchain technology in transport and logistics processes and to find opportunities for the implementation of smart contracts to ensure the traceability of the entire chain of commodity and information fl ws.Results. Implementation of the distributed ledger (blockchain) technology in the logistics processes of foreign and mutual trade increases the transparency of information fl ws and the speed of decisionmaking. This technology would allow the parties to negotiate directly, minimizing potential risks and the time required to approve a supply deal.Conclusions. The authors consider the possibility of using a systematic approach to the digitalization of transport and logistics processes and the subsequent standardization of information interaction at the B2B, B2G, and G2G levels, segmented by separate fields of transport and foreign trade and individual economic sectors. As a conclusion, the study assesses the prospects of the practical implementation of blockchain mechanisms in the creation of industrial platforms — digital platforms that provide integrated services for businesses and the government using a single window system.

Money Code Space

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Parkin
Keyword(s):  
Open Source Software ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Challenging Research ◽  
Digital Politics ◽  
Financial Transactions ◽  
And Control

Newly emerging cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology present a challenging research problem in the field of digital politics and economics. Bitcoin—the first widely implemented cryptocurrency and blockchain architecture—seemingly separates itself from the existing territorial boundedness of nation-state money via a process of algorithmic decentralisation. Proponents declare that the utilisation of cryptography to advance financial transactions will disrupt the modern centralised structures by which capitalist economies are currently organised: corporations, governments, commercial banks, and central banks. Allegedly, software can create a more stable and democratic global economy; a world free from hierarchy and control. In Money Code Space, Jack Parkin debunks these utopian claims by approaching distributed ledger technologies as a spatial and social problem where power forms unevenly across their networks. First-hand accounts of online communities, open-source software governance, infrastructural hardware operations, and Silicon Valley start-up culture are used to ground understandings of cryptocurrencies in the “real world.” Consequently, Parkin demonstrates how Bitcoin and other blockchains are produced across a multitude of tessellated spaces from which certain stakeholders exercise considerable amounts of power over their networks. While money, code, and space are certainly transformed by distributed ledgers, algorithmic decentralisation is rendered inherently paradoxical because it is predicated upon centralised actors, practices, and forces.

scholarly journals A Cryptography-Powered Infrastructure to Ensure the Integrity of Robot Workflows

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-118
Author(s):  
Benjamin Breiling ◽  
Bernhard Dieber ◽  
Martin Pinzger ◽  
Stefan Rass
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Digital Signature ◽  
Mobile Manipulator ◽  
Separate Entity ◽  
Application Development ◽  
Development Environment ◽  
Essential Step ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Compliant Robot ◽  
Distributed Infrastructure

With the growing popularity of robots, the development of robot applications is subject to an ever increasing number of additional requirements from e.g., safety, legal and ethical sides. The certification of an application for compliance to such requirements is an essential step in the development of a robot program. However, at this point in time it must be ensured that the integrity of this program is preserved meaning that no intentional or unintentional modifications happen to the program until the robot executes it. Based on the abstraction of robot programs as workflows we present in this work a cryptography-powered distributed infrastructure for the preservation of robot workflows. A client composes a robot program and once it is accepted a separate entity provides a digital signature for the workflow and its parameters which can be verified by the robot before executing it. We demonstrate a real-world implementation of this infrastructure using a mobile manipulator and its software stack. We also provide an outlook on the integration of this work into our larger undertaking to provide a distributed ledger-based compliant robot application development environment.

scholarly journals Integration of Blockchain Technology in IoT for High Level Security

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 491-497
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Humidity Sensor ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Distributed Network ◽  
Peer Communication ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
A Chain ◽  
High Level ◽  
Machine Communication

IoT (Internet of Things) made headway from Machine to Machine communication without human intrusion for number of machines to connect with the aid of network. There is esteem; by 2020 there will be 26 times more connected things than people. Hence, the concern of security rises along with the high installments. The BlockChain Technology takes place of all central entities, which is peer to peer communication with the distributed network. In this paper, two Arduino boards as nodes and a Raspberry Pi as server are to be configured to connect to the Wi-Fi using ESP8266(node mc). To make data transmission from the two nodes to server, integration of temperature and humidity sensor in one node and RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) reader in other node is to be done. Data should be in the form of blocks and integration of data is in the form of a chain, forming it a Blockchain. All the blocks are linked in the chain manner of which the current hash of the previous block must match with the previous hash of the next block. Then only the blocks of data are secured. While receiving data every time from nodes to server, the previous hash is to be checked such that the arrival of the information is being verified to know if it’s really genuine. If the cryptographic hash does not match then data manipulation is happened. So, in this paper, we will see, along with how practically the security is highly offered by the blockchain technology and how can we easily identify if the data has been tampered along the way it reaches to us. Henceforth, we will found a way of application to secure our IoT data without any regrets in this paper.

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