Effect of Partial Soybean Replacement by Shrimp By-Products on the Productive and Economic Performances in African Catfish (Clarias lazera) Diets

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of partial replacement of soybean with shrimp by-products (SBp) in African catfish (Clarias lazera) diets on productive (growth, digestibility, body composition, dressing yield, blood parameters, immunity) and economic performances. Therefore, 750 fingerlings (~20.0 g) were distributed into five groups of 150 fingerlings/group with three replicates (n = 50) per group. Group 1 was fed a basal diet, while G2 and G3 were fed diets containing 25% SBp (autoclaved and acid-treated, respectively) as soybean replacer for 12 weeks, while, in G4 and G5, SBp level was 50%. All growth and nutrient utilization parameters (body weight, Wg, ADG, PER, FCR, and digestibility), plasma proteins, and immunity significantly increased in G4 and G5. Anemia screening markers recorded insignificant differences between the tested groups and control one, whereas lipid markers of plasma and fish body decreased by autoclaved SBp and increased by acid-treated SBp. The African catfish body dry matter and crude protein percentages were enriched by the addition of SBp. Replacing the soybean meal decreases diet costs and diet costs/1 kg of weight gain. In conclusion, replacing soybean with SBp (especially 50% acid-treated) positively influenced productive and economic performances with friendly effects to avoid the environmental pollution by these wastes.

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Effect of using green beans processing by-products with and without enzyme supplementation on broilers performance and blood parameters

Journal of Agrobiology ◽

10.2478/agro-2013-0005 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 43-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mamdouh Abbas Abbel-Monein

Keyword(s):

Basal Diet ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Control Group ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Green Beans ◽

Economic Point ◽

Normal Ranges ◽

Enzyme Supplementation ◽

By Products

Abstract The present study was performed to evaluate the possible inclusion of the by-products of green beans (GB) into the diet of broiler chickens. A total number of 288 one day old male Ross broiler chicks were randomly distributed into eight experimental groups. The chicks in the first group were fed a basal diet only and this was the negative control group. The second group served as positive control and the chicks were fed on a basal diet supplemented with a commercial enzyme (Benzyme-A). The six remaining groups were fed diets containing GB at three inclusion levels 8%, 16% and 24% in partial replacement of yellow corn. For each inclusion level one group was fed a diet free of enzyme and the other was fed a diet supplemented with enzyme. The results showed that including GB in broilers diet up to 16% did not significantly affect the chickens’ performance. The recorded blood parameters of the chickens were found to be in normal ranges. The results also revealed that enzyme supplementation enhanced the performance of the chickens. The use of GB in the broilers diet was found to be beneficial from the economic point of view by reducing the total cost of the diet and thus increasing the profit.

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Influence of Sodium Humate on the Growth Performance, Diarrhea Incidence, Blood Parameters, and Fecal Microflora of Pre-Weaned Dairy Calves

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani12010123 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 123

Author(s):

Dong Wang ◽

Zhendong You ◽

Yuanyi Du ◽

Duo Zheng ◽

Haotian Jia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Dairy Calves ◽

Milk Replacer ◽

Control Group ◽

Sodium Humate ◽

Fecal Microflora ◽

Diarrhea Incidence ◽

And Control

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the administration of sodium humate (NaH) on the growth performance, diarrhea incidence, and fecal microflora of pre-weaned Holstein calves. In a 53-day experiment, forty healthy newborn female calves were randomly allocated to the following four treatment groups: (1) control (basal diet); (2) 1-gram NaH (basal diet extra orally supplemented with 1 g of NaH dissolved in 100 mL of milk or milk replacer daily); (3) 3-gram NaH (basal diet extra orally supplemented with 3 g of NaH dissolved in 100 mL of milk or milk replacer daily); and (4) 5-gram NaH (basal diet extra orally supplemented with 5 g of NaH dissolved in 100 mL of milk or milk replacer daily). NaH was mixed with milk (d 2–20) or milk replacer (d 21–53). Calves in the 5-gram NaH group had a higher ADG during d 1 to 21 and d 21 to 53 than the other groups did (p < 0.05). Fecal scores and diarrheal incidence were significantly lower in the 3-gram and 5-gram NaH groups than the 1-gram NaH and control groups during d 1 to 20 (p < 0.05). The serum IgA, IgG and IL-4 concentrations, and T-SOD and T-AOC activities were higher, and the serum IL-6, TNF-α, D-lactic acid, and MDA concentrations were lower in the 5-gram NaH group than the control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, NaH supplementation increased the abundances of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus but decreased the abundance of Escherichia coli in feces (p < 0.05). These encouraging findings indicated that supplementation with 5 g of NaH effectively improved the immune status, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal beneficial bacteria, and further improved the growth performance and reduced the diarrhea incidence of the pre-weaned dairy calves.

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Growth performance, haematology and histopathology of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed varying levels of Aloe barbadensis leaves

Journal of Fisheries ◽

10.17017/jfish.v6i1.2018.245 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 553 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Adegbesan Sherifat Ibidunni ◽

Obasa Samuel Olubodun ◽

Abdulraheem Ikililu

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Nutrient Utilization ◽

Control Fish ◽

African Catfish ◽

Aloe Barbadensis ◽

Percentage Weight ◽

And Control ◽

Protein Diets

One hundred and twenty Clarias gariepinus fingerlings (2.33 ± 0.07 g) were fed with 40% crude protein diets containing three concentrations of Aloe barbadensis leaves-paste: ABL1, 1%; ABL2, 2%; ABL3, 3%, and control, 0% ad libitum twice daily for 12 weeks. Mean weight gain and percentage weight gain increased (P < 0.05) as concentration of A. barbadensis increased. Survival rate decreased as concentration of paste increased. Differences (P < 0.05) seen in packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), and red blood cell (RBC), thus highest in ABL3: PCV (36.67 ± 0.89%), Hb (12.37 ± 0.37 g dl–1) and RBC (3.47 ± 0.08×106 L–1) and lowest in control: PCV (22.0 ± 0.58%), Hb (7.37 ± 0.20 g dl–1) and RBC (2.07 ± 0.06 ×106 L–1). Liver histology of control fish was normal, while fatty degenerations were seen in the treated fish. The histology of fish kidney was normal in all treatments. The study concluded that 1% A. barbadensis leaves-paste could effectively improve growth performance, nutrient utilization and survival of cultured C. gariepinus.

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GROWTH PERFORMANCE, NUTRIENT UTILIZATION, SURVIVAL AND BODY INDICES OF AFRICAN CATFISH (CLARIAS GARIEPINUS, BURCHELL 1822) REARED ON MAGGOT MEAL BASED DIET

FUDMA Journal of Sciences ◽

10.33003/fjs-2020-0402-109 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 53-59

Author(s):

Ayoola Akinwole ◽

Akeem Dauda ◽

Victore Ogunkunle

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Fish Meal ◽

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Nutrient Utilization ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Water Quality Parameters ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

African Catfish ◽

Efficiency Ratio

Growth performance, feed utilization, survival and body indices of African catfish Clarias gariepinus juveniles fed diets containing maggot meal as replacement of fish meal was evaluated for 42 days. Sixty fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus, average weight of 10 g were randomly distributed into six circular tanks at the rate of 10 fish per tank. There were two treatments, DT1(maggot meal-based diet) and DT2 (fish meal-based diet). The fish were fed twice daily. Water quality parameters were monitored on a weekly basis throughout the experimental period. Growth, nutrient utilization and body indices parameters were evaluated at the end of the experiment. Crude protein, crude lipid and ash were higher in the fish meal-based diet (34.65%, 7.33% and 18.03% in DT2 as against 28.70%, 7.20% and 11.0.1% in DT1 respectively), while crude fibre was higher in maggot meal-based diet. The selected water quality parameters: temperature, dissolved oxygen, ammonia and pH were slightly lower in maggot meal based treatment, but none of them was differently significant. Mean weight gain, specific growth rate, protein intake, protein efficiency ratio, lipid intake and lipid efficiency ratio (17.25±0.70 g, 2.39±0.06 %/day, 95.50±1.27 g, 1.81±0.06, 23.96±0.32 g and 7.20±0.24 respectively) were all significantly higher in DT2. The feed conversion ratio was higher significantly in DT1. Survival, hepatosomatic index and condition factor were similar between the two treatments. Though the aforementioned body indices indicated that the total replacement of fish meal with maggot meal is not harmful to the fish, a partial replacement may be better for optimum output

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The effect of feeding inorganic and organic selenium sources on the hematological blood parameters, reproduction and health of dairy cows in the transition period

Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascianimsci.v42i1.45371 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. e45371

Author(s):

Mohsen Khalili ◽

Mohammad Chamani ◽

Hamid Amanlou ◽

Ali Nikkhah ◽

Aliasghar Sadeghi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transition Period ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Selenium Supplementation ◽

Selenium Yeast ◽

Organic Selenium ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

And Control

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of four types of diets containing different forms of selenium on the hematological blood parameters, reproduction and health of dairy cattle during the transition period. Twenty-four close-up dry cows with a mean of 259 ± 1days of pregnancy and expected 21 ± 1days prior to parturition were selected. The cows were fed four diets: 1) basal diet without selenium supplementation (C); 2) basal diet plus 0.5ppm selenium in the form of sodium selenite (Se-S) 3) basal diet plus 0.5ppm selenium in the form of selenium yeast (Se-Y); 4) basal diet plus 0.5ppm selenium in the form of selenomethionine (Se-M). Blood samples for measuring hematological blood parameters (including lymphocyte, red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC and RDWc) were taken at 21 and 10 days before delivery, delivery date, 10 and 21 days after delivery. There was no significant difference in hematological parameters before and after delivery in experimental and control groups. However, in the prepartum period, MCH tended to increase significantly in selenium methionine treatment (p<0.05). Reproductive parameters (including distance to first estrus, insemination indexes and number of open days) and health parameters (including rectum temperature and vaginal content score) have been improved by selenium organic supplements. The results of this experiment showed that feeding organic selenium supplementation in multiparous dairy cow’s diet may improve their health and reproduction.

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Disinfection by-products in desalinated and blend water: formation and control strategy

Journal of Water and Health ◽

10.2166/wh.2018.204 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 1-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Shakhawat Chowdhury

Keyword(s):

Distribution Systems ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Cancer Risks ◽

Domestic Water ◽

Desalinated Water ◽

Water Demands ◽

Product Water ◽

And Control ◽

Different Sources ◽

By Products

Abstract Desalinated seawater is the major source of drinking water in many countries. During desalination, several activities including pretreatment, desalination, stabilization, mixing, storage and distribution are performed. Few disinfectants are used during these activities to control the biofouling agents and microbiological regrowth. The reactions between the disinfectants and natural organic matter (NOM), bromide and iodide form disinfection by-products (DBPs) in product water. The product water is stabilized and mixed with treated freshwater (e.g., groundwater) to meet the domestic water demands. The DBPs in desalinated and blend water are an issue due to their possible cancer and non-cancer risks to humans. In this paper, formation and distribution of DBPs in different steps of desalination and water distribution systems prior to reaching the consumer tap were reviewed. The variability of DBPs among different sources and desalination processes was explained. The toxicities of DBPs were compared and the strategies to control DBPs in desalinated water were proposed. Several research directions were identified to achieve comprehensive control on DBPs in desalinated water, which are likely to protect humans from the adverse consequences of DBPs.

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BARTONELLA BODIES IN THE BLOOD OF A NON-SPLENECTOMIZED DOG

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.62.3.353 ◽

1935 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 353-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

James B. McNaught ◽

Francis M. Woods ◽

Virgil Scott

Keyword(s):

Intravenous Injection ◽

Plasma Protein ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Protein Level ◽

Plasma Proteins ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Blood Stream ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

The Many ◽

Plasma Protein Level

A non-splenectomized dog, on a vitamin-adequate basal diet, in the course of a plasmapheresis experiment, developed an uncontrollable anemia associated with the presence of bodies in or on the erythrocytes, indistinguishable from the descriptions of Bartonella canis. The normal plasma protein level of 7.3 per cent was reduced to 4.1 per cent by diet and the removal of 5354 ml. of whole blood in 33 bleedings. The Bartonella infection was transferred to a splenectomized dog by an intravenous injection of whole blood. Each animal was apparently sterilized by one injection of neoarsphenamine equivalent to 15 mg. per kilo weight. It is possible that the spleen liberates some substance into the blood stream which has an inhibitory effect upon a latent Bartonella infection and that this protective substance was diminished by the many bleedings associated with the lowering of plasma proteins in the non-splenectomized dog and was lacking in the inoculated splenectomized dog.

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High-dose enoxaparin in the treatment of abdominal angiostrongyliasis in Swiss mice

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x17000852 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 92 (6) ◽

pp. 662-667 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A.S.S. Sandri ◽

R. Rodriguez ◽

M.M. Costa ◽

S.M. Porto ◽

D. Schwingel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Survival Rates ◽

Mesenteric Arteries ◽

High Dose ◽

Control Groups ◽

Intestinal Infarction ◽

Intestinal Lesions ◽

Group 2 ◽

High Doses ◽

And Control ◽

Group 1

AbstractAbdominal angiostrongyliasis (AA) is caused by Angiostrongylus costaricensis, which inhabits mesenteric arteries. There is no drug treatment for AA, and since intestinal infarction due to thrombi is one of the main complications of the disease, the use of anticoagulants may be a treatment option. Thus, we aimed to assess the effect of high doses of enoxaparin on the prevention of ischaemic intestinal lesions and on the survival of mice infected with A. costaricensis. Twenty-four mice were infected with L3 of A. costaricensis and divided equally into two groups: Group 1, control treated with placebo, and Group 2, treated daily with enoxaparin (2.5 mg/kg) for 50 days. All mice were subjected to necropsy and histological analysis. The results from gross and microscopic assessments showed no variation in the prevalence of lesions between the groups. An analysis was also performed among survivors and non-survivors, showing that animals that died often presented lesions, such as granulation tissue in the serosa, and intestinal infarction and adhesion. The mortality rate did not vary between the enoxaparin-treated and control groups. Thus, we showed that high doses of enoxaparin have no protective effect against AA, as the survival rates and lesions of mice did not vary between the treated and control groups. Considering that the use of prophylactic doses was also shown to be ineffective in a previous study, we do not recommend the use of enoxaparin for AA treatment.

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Nutritional Evaluation of Crambe Meal as a Partial Replacement of Soybean Meal in Nile Tilapia Diets

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1106791/v1 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Hamilton Hisano ◽

Pamela Souza de Pietro ◽

Márcia Mayumi Ishikawa ◽

Alex Júnio da Silva Cardoso ◽

Arielle Cristina Arena

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Nile Tilapia ◽

Nutrient Utilization ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Crambe Meal ◽

Total Plasma Protein ◽

Fillet Yield

Abstract This study evaluated the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of crambe meal (CM) and its potential to partially replace soybean meal (SM) protein in Nile tilapia diets. The ADC for dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, energy, amino acids, calcium and phosphorus of CM were assessed in fish (n=80; 65.30 ± 5.32 g). Subsequently, an 80-day feeding trial was conducted with Nile tilapia (n=140; 6.04 ± 0.25 g) randomly distributed in 20 experimental cages (70 L; seven fish cage-1) allocated in five circular tanks (1000 L) in recirculation water system, to evaluate the effects of replacement of SM by CM (0, 6, 12, 18 and 24% in isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets) on growth, blood parameters, fillet yield and proximal composition. The CM shows good digestibility of protein (0.824) and amino acids (0.844) by Nile tilapia and its inclusion in the diet does not affect carcass and fillet yield or proximal composition. Fish fed diets with 24.0% of the SM replaced by CM showed the worst weight gain and feed conversion rate. The protein efficiency ratio decreased in fish fed diets with 12.0, 18.0 and 24.0% of the SM replaced by CM. Hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, total plasma protein, glucose and alanine aminotransferase enzyme activity trend to increase at highest levels of CM in the diet. In conclusion, CM has potential to replace SM in Nile tilapia diets, due to high digestibility of protein and amino acids. However, anti-nutritional factors present in untreated CM interfere on the growth and nutrient utilization of Nile tilapia.

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Plasma proteins of young African catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell 1822).

Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.18174/njas.v35i4.16710 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 521-524

Author(s):

J.H. Boon ◽

J.M. Smits ◽

T. Wensing ◽

E. Lo

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Water Supply ◽

Plasma Protein ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Plasma Proteins ◽

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Total Content ◽

African Catfish ◽

Feeding Level ◽

Effect Of Feeding

The effect of feeding level and water supply on the total content of plasma protein (TPP) and fractions of these proteins (PPF) of young African catfish was studied. It was found that TPP can be divided into 4 fractions (PPF I-IV), of which PPF I is predominant. Analysis of the results showed a strong effect of feeding level on TPP and PPF I-IV. There was a positive correlation between TPP and the weights of PPF I-IV, and a negative correlation between PPF I and PPF II. The PPF I fraction might be usable as an indicator for the health status of young catfishes. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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