scholarly journals Physicochemical and Sensory Assessments in Spain and United States of PGI-Certified Ternera de Navarra vs. Certified Angus Beef

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1474
Author(s):  
María José Beriain ◽  
María T. Murillo-Arbizu ◽  
Kizkitza Insausti ◽  
Francisco C. Ibañez ◽  
Christine Leick Cord ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Force ◽  
The Other ◽  
Product Knowledge ◽  
Percentage Content ◽  
Beef Flavor ◽  
The Us ◽  
Sensory Attribute ◽  
Moisture Percentage ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Certified Angus Beef

The physicochemical and sensory differences between the PGI-Certified Ternera de Navarra (CTNA) (Spanish origin) and Certified Angus Beef (CAB) (US origin) were assessed in Spain and the USA. To characterize the carcasses, the ribeye areas (REAs), and marbling levels were assessed in both testing places. Twenty striploins per certified beef program were used as study samples. For sensory analysis, the striploins were vacuum packaged and aged for 7 days at 4 °C and 85% RH in each corresponding laboratory. Thereafter, the samples were half cut and frozen. One of the halves was shipped to the other counterpart-testing place. The fat and moisture percentage content, Warner Bratzler Shear Force (WBSF), and total and soluble collagen were tested for all the samples. The CAB carcasses had smaller REAs (p < 0.0001) and exhibited higher marbling levels (p < 0.0001). The CAB striploins had a higher fat content (p < 0.0001) and required lower WBSF (p < 0.05) than the CTNA samples. Trained panelists rated the CAB samples as juicer (p < 0.001), more tender/less tough (p < 0.0001), and more flavorful (p < 0.0001) than the CTNA counterparts. This study shows that beef from both countries had medium-high tenderness, juiciness, and beef flavor scores and very low off-flavor scores. Relevant differences found between the ratings assigned by the Spanish and the US panelists suggest training differences, or difficulties encountered in using the appropriate terminology for defining each sensory attribute. Furthermore, the lack of product knowledge (i.e., consumption habits) may have been another reason for such differences, despite the blind sensory evaluation.

The Restructuring of the Automobile Industry in the USA

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 833-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
R D Bingham ◽  
K K Sunmonu
Keyword(s):  
Automobile Industry ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Mature Phase ◽  
The Us ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Spatial Configurations ◽  
The Usa

In this paper, the changes in the US automobile industry which have occurred over the 1979–86 economic downturn and recovery are examined within the framework of Markusen's profit-cycle theory. When viewing the automobile indusltry as a whole, some of the findings support the profit-cycle theory and others do not. The theory is supported, however, within the context of two distinct automobile industries in the USA—one ‘Fordist’ and the other a Japanese ‘post-Fordist’ system. The Fordist system is entering the negative profit-cycle phase and the post-Fordist system is in the mature phase. The two systems have very different spatial configurations and are likely to have very different economic futures.

scholarly journals Quality of plant-based ground beef alternatives in comparison to ground beef of various fat levels

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel G. Davis ◽  
Keayla Harr ◽  
Kaylee J. Farmer ◽  
Erin Beyer ◽  
Sydney B. Bigger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Force ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Retail Markets ◽  
Texture Profile ◽  
Flavor Intensity ◽  
Beef Flavor ◽  
Moisture Percentage ◽  
Fat Level

The objective of this study was to compare the quality characteristics of current plant-based protein ground beef alternatives (GBA) to ground beef (GB) patties of varying fat percentages. Fifteen different production lots (n = 15 / fat level) of 1.36 kg GB chubs of three different fat levels (10%, 20%, and 27%) were collected from retail markets in the Manhattan, KS area. Additionally, GBA products including a foodservice GBA (FGBA), a retail GBA (RGBA), and a traditional soy-protein based GBA (TGBA) currently available through commercial channels were collected. Consumers (n = 120) evaluated sample appearance, juiciness, tenderness, overall flavor liking, beef flavor liking, texture liking, and overall liking. Additionally, samples were evaluated for color, texture profile, shear force, pressed juiciness percentage (PJP), pH, and fat and moisture percentage. All three GB samples rated higher (P &lt; 0.05) than the three GBA samples for appearance liking, overall flavor liking, beef flavor liking, and overall liking by consumers. Similar results were found with trained sensory panelists, which rated the GBA as less (P &lt; 0.05) juicy, softer (P &lt; 0.05), and lower (P &lt; 0.05) for beef flavor and odor intensity and higher (P &lt; 0.05) for off-flavor intensity than the GB. Moreover, the GBA had less (P &lt; 0.05) change in shape through cooking and a lower (P &lt; 0.05) percentage of cooking loss and cooking time than the GB. Also, the GBA all had lower (P &lt; 0.05) shear force and PJP values than the GB. The color of the GBA differed (P &lt; 0.05) from the GB, with the GB samples being more (P &lt; 0.05) red in the raw state. These results indicate that the GBA provide different eating and quality experiences than GB and should thus be considered as different products by consumers and retailers.

scholarly journals Self-censorship threatens US press freedom: Fear of costly legal actions is inhibiting the media

1982 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-16
Author(s):  
Robert G. Picard
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Press Freedom ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
Investigative Journalism ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Media

‘American publishers and broadcasters are increasingly exercising self-censorship to avoid costly litigation’ says the editor of Freedom of Information Digest, giving a pessimistic assessment of the situation Despite a strong tradition of press freedom and (especially since Watergate) increasingly aggressive investigative journalism in the USA, the country's libel laws can inhibit journalists and lead to self-censorship. The authors of the two articles that follow examine the effect of libel legislation on the US press — one from a journalist's, the other a lawyer's point of view.

“Russian celebrations” and American debates about Russia in 1813

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-123
Author(s):  
Ivan Kurilla
Keyword(s):  
War Of 1812 ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Federalist ◽  
Political Views ◽  
The Us ◽  
Sociocultural Approach ◽  
The Usa

In the article, the author uses a sociocultural approach to analyze debates in the US press that accompanied “Russian celebrations” in 1813. During the War of 1812, the Federalist opposition to President Madison's administration organized several celebrations of Russia's victories over Napoleon, who was a de facto ally of the USA in its war against England. As a result, harsh debates arose about the relative merits of the Russian nation. Madison's supporters described Russia in extremely critical terms, while the critics of the administration mostly spoke positively of the distant country. For both sides, the Russian victories were just a pretext for formulating their own political views, but by using an image of “the Other,” they elaborated and affirmed two major characterizations of Russia: in one view, it was a barbaric and uncivilized country; in the other, a guarantor of liberty and a rapidly developing and freedom-loving nation. The main difference was summarized in a pamphlet publication of correspondence between Robert Harper and Robert Walsh. The article affirms that the level of civilization in Russia was not just used as an argument in domestic polemics, but was determined according to the demands of that polemic.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Two Different Slaughter Systems for Lambs. Effects on Carcass Characteristics, Technological Meat Quality and Sensory Attributes

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2935
Author(s):  
Elin Stenberg ◽  
Katarina Arvidsson-Segerkvist ◽  
Anders H. Karlsson ◽  
Aðalheiður Ólafsdóttir ◽  
Óli Þór Hilmarsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Rigor Mortis ◽  
Sensory Attribute

Two slaughter systems for lambs and their effects on meat quality in terms of texture, colour and sensory attributes were compared. The slaughter systems differed in methods for controlling rigor mortis and carcass chilling. One slaughter system (large-scale) used electrical stimulation and fast chilling of carcasses, while the other system (small-scale) did not use electrical stimulation and applied slower chilling, with carcass temperature decreasing over a longer period after slaughter. Ten pairs of ram lamb twins were selected, and one of each pair was slaughtered at the large-scale abattoir and the other at the small-scale abattoir. Carcass weight, conformation, fatness, pH and temperature were recorded. Musculus longissimus thoracis et lumborum was analysed for colour, cooking loss, Warner–Bratzler shear force and sensory attributes. For meat quality attributes, the only differences were found in meat colour L* (lightness; p = 0.0073), sensory attribute “appearance colour” (p = 0.0089) and “fatty flavour” (p = 0.0554). Meat from the small-scale abattoir was darker in colour and had a more fatty flavour than the meat from the large-scale abattoir. For sensory attributes (apart from colour), no significant differences were found between the two abattoir systems.

scholarly journals Relevance and Significance of Pak- China Relationship for USA in Changing Regional Dynamics

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
Brigadier Muhammad Shakoor Anwar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
East Asia ◽  
The United States ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Regional Dynamics ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Economic Domain

Pakistan and China enjoy the bilateral and friendly diplomatic relations since 1951. Both countries are trustworthy allies of one another. China has always backed Pakistan in the difficult matters to stabilize the geo-political and geo-economic situation in the region. Although, Pakistan also enjoys good diplomatic relations with America but down the line these relations and ties weakened due to increasing mistrust and unreliability between both the countries. Pakistan had various occasions has been ally of the United States (US) such as War against USSR in Afghanistan. But after the war the US has put sanctions on Pakistan and tensions between both countries arose. On the other hand, China has always supported Pakistan stance even in the wars against India. These relations took a new turn with the Chinese project of Belt Road Initiative (BRI) generally and China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) from 2013 onwards. This huge transformation of Pak-China dealings seen the two-sided connections long-drawn-out from military to the economic domain. The collaboration under CPEC, with increased investment of China in building Pakistan’s power and infrastructure segments. The deepening relations of China and Pakistan and Pakistan’s decreasing dependency on the US has grabbed attention of the USA. America has moved its all energies to East Asia from the European and Arab countries. Therefore, the aim of current study is to look headlong from this viewpoint and pursue to sightsee and explore the expansions that took place in two-sided associations outside CPEC keeping the US stance on this collaboration and its significance.

scholarly journals Test for monetary measures of the Federal Reserve Bank (FRB): Experiences and lessons in the age of the coronavirus crisis

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-122
Author(s):  
Boris Siljković ◽  
Nedeljka Dedović ◽  
Mihailo Dedović
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Federal Reserve ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Federal Reserve Bank ◽  
Reserve Bank ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa

Coronavirus crisis from 2020 in USA is a mixture of financial and economic crisis that happened in 1929-33 and 2007-09. The body of work is permeated with attitudes in regards to the coronavirus crisis from 2020 and previous financial crisis from 2007 to 2009 by the world renowned economists and Nobel Prize winners Joseph Stiglitz and Pol Krugman and former presidents of the Federal Reserve Bank Ben Bernanke, Alen Greenspan and others. The US Federal Reserve Bank opted with a relaxed approach to the monetary politics during the coronavirus crisis - a new-old approach that they picked many times before. Current coronavirus crisis measures to the monetary politics in USA on one side will contribute to deflation while on the other side it will grow consumption and production with delay until 2021. Because of the social distancing during the coronavirus crisis, new problems emerged like the economic distancing of the USA economy, enormous debts to FRB on all levels because of emission of securities, bonds, mortgage and other form of securities which caused growth of activity of the top notch monetary institution in USA.

The 1970s: The Nuclear Relationship under the Shah

2018 ◽  
pp. 23-61
Author(s):  
Steven Hurst
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Fuel Cycle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nuclear Technology ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Key Features

The main focus of the chapter is on the period between 1974 and 1978, when the Shah sought to accelerate Iran's nuclear programme, creating tensions with the USA. This short period witnessed the emergence of a number of key features of the US-Iranian nuclear relationship: The divergence of perspectives on proliferation and the fuel cycle quickly became clear. Even in a context in which the two were Cold War allies, Iranian nationalism and ambition and American fear of proliferation produced deadlock in their nuclear negotiations. The American refusal to provide Iran with fuel cycle technology was, moreover, strongly influenced by pressure from Congress, which was able to exploit the need for its ratification of any nuclear agreement to great effect. Finally, the chapter reveals a tension between unilateralism and multilateralism that would recur in US policy, as it tried to persuade the other nuclear powers to join it in not transferring sensitive nuclear technology whilst also pursuing its own national interests and accommodating domestic pressures.

scholarly journals The attitudinal gender gap across generations: support for redistribution and government spending in contexts of high and low welfare provision

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalind Shorrocks ◽  
Maria T. Grasso
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Spending ◽  
Gender Gaps ◽  
Welfare Provision ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa

We compare gender gaps in attitudes towards redistribution and social spending across generations in the USA and Britain. We show that the US context, characterized by lower welfare provision, results in consistent or even widening gender gaps for generations born post-1925. On the other hand, the British context, characterized by higher welfare provision relative to the USA, exhibits a narrowing and closing of the gender gap for younger generations, for two out of three indicators of spending preferences. These findings provide some, albeit mixed, evidence that women are more consistently in favour of social spending and redistribution than men in contexts characterized by low welfare provision such as the USA. Where there are higher levels of social support, we argue women could become increasingly more likely to express a preference for levels of spending and redistribution that is similar to men's, narrowing the gender gap among younger generations.

scholarly journals Propaganda and Lobbying against the Future Prospect of Pakistan: Causes, effects and its Implications

2020 ◽  
Vol V (III) ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
Shabnam Gul ◽  
Muhammad Faizan Asghar
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Future Prospect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Policy Tools ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Cold War

The concept of propaganda and lobbying is not new to researchers. Historically, propaganda was used by many states to manipulate policies in their own favors and to oppose the other states. During WW1, WW2 and the Cold war, media was used as a propaganda tool to demoralize opponents. Gradually lobbying was initiated as foreign policy tools. Like Israel, Saudi Arabia and Russia was the most powerful lobbyist in the USA. Indian lobbyist started an anti-Pakistan campaign in the USA based on rivalry since the creation of Pakistan. This is true focuses on destabilization of the US-Pakistan relationship and to weaken the strong lobbyism between the US and Pakistan.

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