scholarly journals Design and Characterization of a Novel Fermented Beverage from Lentil Grains

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 893
Author(s):  
Michela Verni ◽  
Chiara Demarinis ◽  
Carlo Giuseppe Rizzello ◽  
Federico Baruzzi
Keyword(s):  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Antinutritional Factors ◽  
Soluble Proteins ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Raffinose Oligosaccharides ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Fermented Beverage ◽  
Substrate Ratio ◽  
First Time

The experimental activities carried out in this study aimed at designing a lentil-based beverage rich in soluble and digestible proteins. In order to extract soluble proteins, lentil grains were soaked in water overnight, blended, treated with proteolytic enzymes and fermented with Lactobacillus strains. Protein enzymatic hydrolysis, carried out with four commercial food grade enzyme preparations, showed that bromelin, at the enzyme to substrate ratio of 10%, was the best solution to produce this novel beverage. Even though the seven Lactobacillus strains were all able to ferment aqueous extract within 24 h, L. acidophilus ATCC 4356, L. fermentum DSM 20052 and L. paracasei subsp. paracasei DSM 20312 showed the highest growth rate and the lowest pH values. In fermented lentil-based beverages, the antinutritional factor phytic acid decreased up to 30%, similarly, the highest reduction in raffinose oligosaccharides content reached about 12% the initial concentration. It is worthy of note that the viable density of all strains remained higher than 7 log cfu/mL after 28 days of cold storage. The results here reported show for the first time the possibility to obtain a probiotic lentil-based beverage rich in soluble proteins, peptides and amino acids with low content in main antinutritional factors.

PURIFICATION AND PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THERMOACTINOMYCES VULGARIS AMYLASES

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1157-1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Kuo ◽  
P. A. Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Ion Exchange Column ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Thermoactinomyces Vulgaris

An α-amylase from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris has been purified about 100-fold. Its optimum pH was between 5.9 and 7.0, and the maximum rate was achieved at 60 °C. In the absence of substrate, the enzymes were more stable at pH 5.9 than at higher or lower pH values; inactivation was rapid at pH 7.0. Temperatures of 70 °C or greater also caused rapid denaturation of the enzyme in the absence of substrate. Three major peaks of amylase activity were detected when purified enzyme preparations were passed through Sephadex G-75 columns. At least two of these amylases were interconvertible. Four or five T. vulgaris proteinases also were separated, using ion exchange column chromatography.

scholarly journals Characterization of Proteolytic and Collagenolytic Enzymes from the Larvae of Lucilia cuprina, the Sheep Blowfly

1988 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
VM Bowles ◽  
PR Carnegie ◽  
RM Sandeman
Keyword(s):  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Collagenolytic Activity ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Secretory Enzyme

Isoelectric focusing was used to characterize proteolytic enzymes in homogenate and excretory-secretory preparations of the larvae of L. cuprina, the sheep blowfly. Zymogram overlays showed that the larvae produce a number of highly active proteases which have a wide range of isoelectric points and molecular weights. The alkaline and neutral pI proteases were inhibited by phenylmethyl-sulfonylfluoride, leupeptin and aprotinin; this indicated the presence of serine in the active site. Pepstatin and the metal chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid had no effect Oil the activity of any of the proteases. Optimal pH for activity of the proteases was between 7 and 8. In addition, the proteases were found to be heat labile. Digestion of collagen fibrils confirmed the existence of collagenolytic activity in the excretory-secretory enzyme preparations. It is suggested that these enzymes may be involved in the nutrition of the larvae and in the pathogenesis of the lesion on the skin.

scholarly journals Tejuino, a Traditional Fermented Beverage: Composition, Safety Quality, and Microbial Identification

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2446
Author(s):  
Ángel Eduardo Rubio-Castillo ◽  
José I. Méndez-Romero ◽  
Ricardo Reyes-Díaz ◽  
Lourdes Santiago-López ◽  
Belinda Vallejo-Cordoba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Microbial Identification ◽  
Physicochemical Composition ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Fermented Beverage

This study aims to analyze the chemical and microbial composition and characterize volatile compounds from the artisanal and commercial Tejuino beverage. For this, eight samples are analyzed (four artisanal and four commercial). The chemical and microbiological quality is determined by standard methods, and volatile compounds are determined by solid-phase microextraction. Overall, the physicochemical composition and microbiological quality are higher for artisanal Tejuino (p < 0.05). The pH values were 3.20 and 3.62, and 0.76 and 0.46 meq of lactic acid for artisanal and commercial Tejuino, respectively. With volatile compounds analyzed, esters, benzenes, and aldehydes were predominant; meanwhile, ethanol was a volatile compound with the highest concentration for all samples. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Limosilactobacillus fermentum were identified in artisanal Tejuino; yeasts of the Pichia genera and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, for commercial Tejuino, and Enterococcus genus were identified in both samples. The characterization of both types of Tejuino allows us to update the information available on this important Mexican beverage. In addition, the isolation of lactic acid bacteria, as representative bacteria of both drinks, offers an area of opportunity to know the potential functionality of these bacteria in traditional fermented products.

scholarly journals SCREENING OF ASPERGILLUS FUNGI FOR EXTRA CELLULAR PROTEASE AND COLLAGENASE PRODUCTION

REPORTS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (330) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
R.K. Blieva ◽  
A.K. Kalieva ◽  
Zh.B. Suleimenova ◽  
A.S. Zhakipbekova ◽  
I.E. Tapenbayeva
Keyword(s):  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Improve Quality ◽  
Meat Processing ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Fungal Association ◽  
Selection Of

Protease and collagenase are the most important enzymes used for the processing of meat raw materials. In the meat industry, proteolytic enzymes are used to accelerate the maturation of meat and increase its yield. The use of enzyme preparations in meat processing makes it possible to rationally use meat raw materials, intensify technological processes, improve quality and expand the range of products. Collagenase, unlike protease, acts on those connective proteins of meat raw materials that determine its stiffness, breaking down hard-hydrolyzable and non-digestible collagen. The aim of this study was selection of strains of industrially valuable micromycetes from the collection of micromycetes that have the ability to synthesize extracellular protease and collagenase and create a fungal association. A comparative characterization of 7 strains of micromycetes of the genus Aspergillus and Penicillium - potential producers of protease and collagenase enzymes, was carried out. A. awamori 16 and A. awamori 22 showed the highest clearance zones and was used for further studies. The clearance zones of casein of A. awamori 16 on day 5 were 22.8 mm, and collagen 20.8 mm, while the clearance zones of casein of A. awamori 22 were 20.1 mm, and collagen - 19.1 mm.

scholarly journals Partial purification and characterization of a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
Wala’a Shawkat Ali ◽  
Nibras Nazar Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Bacteriocin Activity ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate Precipitation ◽  
Purification And Characterization ◽  
Ph Values

Bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus was partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation 60% saturation. The bacteriocin exhibited activity of 320AU/ml against Serratia marcescens. Characterization of bacteriocin showed that its active principle was proteinaceous in nature since it was inactivated by proteolytic enzymes but not by other enzymes. Treatment of bacteriocin with organic solvents 5% concentration did not affect the activity of it, but its activity was reduced to the half at 10% concentration of the solvents. Bacteriocin activity was stable at pH 4 -7, half of its activity was lost at pH8, and whole activity was lost at other pH values. Bacteriocin was stable at 40-100°C for 10min, but it retained only 50% of its activity at 40 and 60°C for 30min. whole activity was lost at 80 and 100°C for 30min and at 121°C for 15 min.

scholarly journals Graphene Oxide/Fe-Based Composite Pre-Polymerized Coagulants: Synthesis, Characterization, and Potential Application in Water Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Athanasia K. Tolkou ◽  
Anastasios I. Zouboulis
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
First Time

This study presents for the first time the synthesis and characterization of GO (graphene oxide), PFSiC (polyferric silicate chloride), and hybrid GO-PFSiC derivatives, aiming to enhance synergistically the performance of coagulation, when applied for the treatment of water. The structure and the morphology of composite GO-PFSiC coagulants were studied in detail by the application of FTIR, XRD, and SEM characterization techniques. Furthermore, the proposed coagulants were applied for the treatment of simulated turbid surface water. The effects of the reagent’s dosage, pH value, and experimental/operational conditions on the coagulation efficiency, applied mainly for the removal of turbidity, were examined. The results, obtained from the FTIR and XRD measurements, showed the presence of a bond between the PFSiC and the GO surface, indicating that the PFSiC particles are distributed uniformly on the surface of graphene, which was also confirmed by the SEM images. Especially, the composite compound GO-PFSiC1.5-15-0.5 presents the most uniform distribution of iron on the surface of graphene oxide and exhibits the optimum coagulation efficiency, while it significantly reduces the turbidity for doses above 3–5 mg/L, i.e., achieving the respective legislation limit as proposed by WHO. Specifically, at the alkaline pH values (>7.9), the removal of turbidity reaches 96%. Consequently, the results of this study render these materials as potential coagulant agents for further research and applications, aiming to also achieve the co-removal of other water components.

The pathogenesis of footrot in sheep with reference to proteases of Fusiformis nodosus

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Chondroitin Sulphate ◽  
Performic Acid ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Elastase Activity ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Liquid Cultures ◽  
Ph Values

Preparations of cultures of Fusiformis nodosus, the causal organism of footrot in sheep, were tested for their ability to digest substrates of dermal and epidermal tissues. The preparations did not hydrolyse hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulphate, or collagen. Weak elastase activity was demonstrated. Enzyme preparation 1 obtained from the supernatant fluid of liquid cultures during growth of F. nodosus, and enzyme preparation 2 obtained after growth had ceased, digested powdered sheep hoof in the presence of cysteine. Enzyme preparation 1 possessed two pH optima for hoof digestion, at pH values of 7.6 and about 10.5. Enzyme preparation 2 also possessed two optima, at pH 8.2 and at about 10.5. Hoof digestion by either enzyme preparation was enhanced by 4M urea with cysteine, particularly at pH 10.0. Hoof digestion by enzyme preparations 1 and 2 was not inhibited by iodoacetamide. Hoof pretreated with potassium thioglycollate or with performic acid was digested by both enzyme preparations 1 and 2 in the absence of cysteine. For these reasons, cysteine was considered to react with the substrate rather than with the enzymes. The digestion of preparations of amorphous, fibrous, and reduced and carboxymethylated hoof protein, for which cysteine was not required, supported this view, and indicated that cysteine exposed hoof proteins to the digestive action of F. nodosus proteolytic enzymes by sulphydryl transfer. Enzyme preparations 1 and 2 also disintegrated frozen sections of sheep hoof. This effect was greater at pH 10.0 than at 8.0 and in the presence of cysteine. When enzyme preparations 1 and 2 were injected into the skin of sheep at pH 8.0 and 10.0 together with cysteine, ulcers were produced in 24–48 hr. These were similar to the ulceration of the epidermis of the hoof in footrot.

TBE in Sweden

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Specific Immunoglobulin ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
First Time

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) was isolated for the first time in Sweden in 1958 (from ticks and from 1 tick-borne encephalitis [TBE] patient).1 In 2003, Haglund and colleagues reported the isolation and antigenic and genetic characterization of 14 TBEV strains from Swedish patients (samples collected 1991–1994).2 The first serum sample, from which TBEV was isolated, was obtained 2–10 days after onset of disease and found to be negative for anti-TBEV immunoglobulin M (IgM) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), whereas TBEV-specific IgM (and TBEV-specific immunoglobulin G/cerebrospinal fluid [IgG/CSF] activity) was demonstrated in later serum samples taken during the second phase of the disease.

Chemical Constituents and Antibacterial Activity of Cissus Aralioides.

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balogun Olaoye Solomon ◽  
Ajayi Olukayode Solomon ◽  
Owolabi Temitayo Abidemi ◽  
Oladimeji Abdulkarbir Oladele ◽  
Liu Zhiqiang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Chromatographic Purification ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
First Time

: Cissus aralioides is a medicinal plant used in sub-Saharan Africa for treatment of infectious diseases; however the chemical constituents of the plant have not been investigated. Thus, in this study, attempt was made at identifying predominant phytochemical constituents of the plant through chromatographic purification and silylation of the plant extract, and subsequent characterization using spectroscopic and GC-MS techniques. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) for the antibacterial activities of the plant extract, chromatographic fractions and isolated compounds were also examined. Chromatographic purification of the ethyl acetate fraction from the whole plant afforded three compounds: β-sitosterol (1), stigmasterol (2) and friedelin (3). The phytosterols (1 and 2) were obtained together as a mixture. The GC-MS analysis of silylated extract indicated alcohols, fatty acids and sugars as predominant classes, with composition of 24.62, 36.90 and 26.52% respectively. Results of MICs indicated that friedelin and other chromatographic fractions had values (0.0626-1.0 mg/mL) comparable with the standard antibiotics used. Characterization of natural products from C. aralioides is being reported for the first time in this study.

Green Synthesis and Spectroscopic Studies of Ag-rGO Nanocomposites for Highly Selective Mercury (II) Sensing

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubhangi J. Mane-Gavade ◽  
Sandip R. Sabale ◽  
Xiao-Ying Yu ◽  
Gurunath H. Nikam ◽  
Bhaskar V. Tamhankar
Keyword(s):  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Suitable Condition ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Calibration Plot ◽  
First Time

Introduction: Herein we report the green synthesis and characterization of silverreduced graphene oxide nanocomposites (Ag-rGO) using Acacia nilotica gum for the first time. Experimental: We demonstrate the Hg2+ ions sensing ability of the Ag-rGO nanocomposites form aqueous medium. The developed colorimetric sensor method is simple, fast and selective for the detection of Hg2+ ions in aqueous media in presence of other associated ions. A significant color change was noticed with naked eye upon Hg2+ addition. The color change was not observed for cations including Sr2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Fe2+, Ba2+ and Mn2+indicating that only Hg2+ shows a strong interaction with Ag-rGO nanocomposites. Under the most suitable condition, the calibration plot (A0-A) against concentration of Hg2+ was linear in the range of 0.1-1.0 ppm with a correlation coefficient (R2) value 0.9998. Results & Conclusion The concentration of Hg2+ was quantitatively determined with the Limit of Detection (LOD) of 0.85 ppm. Also, this method shows excellent selectivity towards Hg2+ over nine other cations tested. Moreover, the method offers a new cost effective, rapid and simple approach for the detection of Hg2+ in water samples.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document