scholarly journals Improving the Stability of Lycopene from Chemical Degradation in Model Beverage Emulsions: Impact of Hydrophilic Group Size of Emulsifier and Antioxidant Polarity

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 971
Author(s):  
Jinhyuk Kim ◽  
Seung Jun Choi
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Storage Stability ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Food Emulsions ◽  
Hydrophilic Group ◽  
Lycopene Content ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Lauryl Gallate ◽  
Interfacial Characteristics

The chemical stability of the lipophilic bioactives encapsulated in emulsions can be influenced by emulsion droplet interfacial characteristics as well as by the ability of antioxidants incorporated in emulsion to prevent the degradation of the encapsulated compounds. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of the interfacial characteristics of emulsions and the polarity of antioxidants on the storage stability of lycopene in emulsions. Emulsions with 5% (w/w) oil containing lycopene (30 µmol/kg emulsion) were prepared using a series of polyethylene glycol acyl ether-type emulsifiers through microfluidization. Change in lycopene content in emulsions was monitored by high performance liquid chromatography. Our findings show that the hydrophilic group size (or length) of emulsifiers and the emulsifier concentration at the interfacial film play a role, albeit minor, in controlling the storage stability of lycopene encapsulated in emulsions. Lipophilic (tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ)) and amphiphilic (lauryl gallate) antioxidants similarly improved the storage stability of lycopene in emulsions from acid- and radical-mediated degradation, independent of the characteristics of interfacial films of emulsions. However, TBHQ inhibited the degradation of lycopene in emulsions more effectively than lauryl gallate under conditions intended to accelerate the acid-mediated degradation of lycopene. Therefore, our findings can provide helpful information about what type of emulsifiers and antioxidants can be chosen for preparing food emulsions capable of maximizing the stability of lycopene encapsulated therein.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Storage Stability and Quality Properties of Fresh Noodles Mixed with Plasma-Activated Water

Foods ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Yawei Wang ◽  
Yuchang Liu ◽  
Man Li ◽  
Meng Ma ◽  
Qingjie Sun
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Storage Stability ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Hplc Profiles ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stability Time ◽  
Activation Times ◽  
Plasma Activated Water

Enhancing the quality retention of fresh noodles remains challenging. In this study, we investigated the effect of dough mixing with plasma-activated water (PAW) of different activation times on the storage stability and quality characteristics of fresh noodles. It was found that the total plate count in the fresh noodles prepared by PAW (PAWN) showed no obvious inhibition during storage at 25 °C, but could be significantly reduced at 4 °C as compared with the control. The decrease in L* value and pH of the PAWN was significantly retarded during storage, indicating an enhanced storage stability. The stability time of dough mixed with PAW could be significantly improved. PAW treatment decreased the viscosity properties and setback value of starch, while enhancing the interaction of water and non-water components in fresh noodles. In addition, dynamic polymerization and depolymerization of proteins were detected in Size-Exclusion High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (SE-HPLC) profiles of PAWN. The hardness and adhesiveness of the cooked noodles decreased, while the springiness significantly increased. These results implied the potential of PAW in improving the storage stability and quality of fresh noodles.

scholarly journals Influence of Oxidants on the Stability of Tocopherol in Model Nanoemulsions: Role of Interfacial Membrane Organized by Nonionic Emulsifiers

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jinhyuk Kim ◽  
Ha Youn Song ◽  
Seung Jun Choi
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Storage Stability ◽  
Tocopherol Concentration ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mediated Oxidation ◽  
Interfacial Membrane ◽  
Interfacial Characteristics

Nanoemulsions were prepared by using emulsifiers with various sizes of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups to determine the impact of interfacial characteristics on the stability of α-tocopherol incorporated into the nanoemulsions. The α-tocopherol concentration remaining after 3 weeks of storage at 25°C depended greatly on the type of oxidative stress, which indicated that the environment surrounding the oil droplets could determine the stability of α-tocopherol in nanoemulsions. α-Tocopherol was gradually degraded by radical-mediated oxidation over storage, and approximately 60% of its initial concentration remained after 3 weeks of storage. However, under acid- and iron-mediated oxidation, α-tocopherol concentration steeply decreases for the initial 3-day storage, but the degradation rate of α-tocopherol decreased after 3 days of storage and over 90% of the initial α-tocopherol remained after 3 weeks of storage. Interestingly, and contrary to our expectations, the thickness and/or density of the droplet interfacial membrane rarely affected the stability of α-tocopherol incorporated into nanoemulsions. Although it is difficult to generalize beyond α-tocopherol, we conclude that the properties of oil droplet surfaces had no influence on the storage stability of α-tocopherol encapsulated in the droplets.

Extensive Chemical Degradation of Bleomycin during Attempted Labelling with 51-Cr

1999 ◽  
Vol 38 (04) ◽  
pp. 120-123
Author(s):  
S. Björkman ◽  
J. Areberg
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Activity Measurement ◽  
Hydrolytic Cleavage ◽  
Labelling Efficiency ◽  
Biodistribution Studies ◽  
Labelling Procedure ◽  
Considerable Degradation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Incubation Temperatures

Summary Aim: Labelling of the cytostatic agent bleomycin with 51-Cr and use of the product for biodistribution studies have been reported in the literature. The labelling procedure involves incubation for 40 min at 130° C. Since bleomycins are polar glycopeptides sensitive to hydrolytic cleavage we were concerned about possible degradation of the drug during these unfavourable conditions. We have therefore investigated the stability of bleomycin as a function of temperature and pH of the solution and attempted to achieve the maximum labelling efficiency with minimal degradation of the two principal bleomycin components. Methods: The chemical stability of unlabelled bleomycin was investigated under labelling conditions at 130° C and in buffer of pH 1-6 at room temperature (23° C) and 60° C. The samples were assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The labelling efficiency of the 51-Cr-bleomycin complex was determined by thin layer chromatography and activity measurement with a high pure Germanium (HPGe)-detector at various incubation temperatures and times. Results: Comparisons of rates of degradation of bleomycin with labelling efficiency as functions of temperature and time showed that under no condition could satisfactory labelling (>97%) be obtained without considerable degradation of bleomycin. Conclusion: Labelling of bleomycin with 51-Cr does not yield a product suitable for investigations in patients.

Dietary Vitamin and Stability of Oral Anticoagulation: Proposal of a Diet with Constant Vitamin K1 Content

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (03) ◽  
pp. 504-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L Booth ◽  
Jacqueline M Charnley ◽  
James A Sadowski ◽  
Edward Saltzman ◽  
Edwin G Bovill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin K1 ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

SummaryCase reports cited in Medline or Biological Abstracts (1966-1996) were reviewed to evaluate the impact of vitamin K1 dietary intake on the stability of anticoagulant control in patients using coumarin derivatives. Reported nutrient-drug interactions cannot always be explained by the vitamin K1 content of the food items. However, metabolic data indicate that a consistent dietary intake of vitamin K is important to attain a daily equilibrium in vitamin K status. We report a diet that provides a stable intake of vitamin K1, equivalent to the current U.S. Recommended Dietary Allowance, using food composition data derived from high-performance liquid chromatography. Inconsistencies in the published literature indicate that prospective clinical studies should be undertaken to clarify the putative dietary vitamin K1-coumarin interaction. The dietary guidelines reported here may be used in such studies.

Photochemical stability of warfarin potassium in powdered pharmaceutical tablets

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-129
Author(s):  
Emi Horiguchi-Babamoto ◽  
Makoto Otsuka
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Partial Least Squares Regression ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Brand Name ◽  
Pharmaceutical Tablets ◽  
Light Stability ◽  
Warfarin Potassium ◽  
The Stability

BACKGROUND: Warfarin potassium (Wf) commercial tablets originally formulated for adults are ground before administration to pediatric patients and elderly patients with dysphagia. OBJECTIVE: The present study investigated the effect of tablet grinding on the photostability of four types of commercial Wf tablets and predicted the photostability of the tablet powders by chemometric analysis. METHODS: The photodegradation of Wf content was evaluated by reversed-phase column high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet (HPLC-UV). RESULTS: The bulk Wf powder was relatively photostable, whereas ground Wf tablets underwent substantial photodegradation. The photostability of the ground powders of a brand-name Wf commercial tablet and three generic Wf commercial tablets was quantitatively assessed and compared. In certain cases, the Wf in all the three ground generic tablets was less photostable than in the ground brand-name tablets. After 28 days of light irradiation, the Wf content decreased to 69.79% in the brand-name tablets, while it was 31.90% in some generic tablets. To clarify the factors influencing the relative photostability in various Wf formulations, we analyzed the intermolecular interactions between the active ingredient and the excipients by partial least-squares regression analysis based on photostability screening for each additive. CONCLUSION: The results suggested that the additives light anhydrous silicic acid and povidone adversely affect the stability of Wf tablets. In addition, the light stability of ground tablets was affected considerably by their formulation.

scholarly journals Optimization of the extraction of galactoglucomannans from Pinus halepensis

Holzforschung ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nacera Benouadah ◽  
Andrey Pranovich ◽  
Djamel Aliouche ◽  
Jalel Labidi ◽  
Stefan Willför
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Hot Water Extraction ◽  
Extraction Processes ◽  
Extraction Parameters

AbstractThe effectiveness of pressurized hot-water extraction conditions for obtaining galactoglucomannans (GGMs) from Pinus halepensis suitable for applications like coatings and films packaging was investigated. For this purpose, high molar masses with high yields are required, presenting a serious challenge for hot-water extraction processes. The extraction of GGMs was carried out in an accelerated solvent extractor (ASE) and the isolation was performed by precipitation in ethanol. Three temperatures in the range 160–180 °C and five extraction times 5–90 min were tested in order to optimize extraction parameters of GGMs, avoiding thermal and chemical degradation in hot-water. Total dissolved solids (TDS) were determined gravimetrically after freeze-drying and weight average molar masses (Mw) were determined by high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). Total non-cellulosic carbohydrates were determined by gas chromatography (GC) after acid methanolysis. Free monomers were additionally analyzed by GC. Lignin in water extracts was measured by an ultraviolet (UV) method. Acetic acid was determined after alkaline hydrolysis of acetyl groups and analyzed by HPSEC. The main parameters influencing the extraction processes of the GGMs, namely, extraction time and temperature were studied. Optimal extraction parameters of GGMs were identified at 170 °C and 20 min extraction time, with average Mw of extracted fraction of 7 kDa leading to a GGM yield of approximately 56 ${\text{mgg}}_{\text{o}.\text{d}.\text{m}}^{-1}$, corresponding to 6% on dry wood basis.

Stability of dronabinol capsules when stored frozen, refrigerated, or at room temperature

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (14) ◽  
pp. 1088-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. Wempe ◽  
Alan Oldland ◽  
Nancy Stolpman ◽  
Tyree H. Kiser
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Sesame Oil ◽  
Forced Degradation ◽  
Product Packaging ◽  
Time Points ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Minimal Reduction

Abstract Purpose Results of a study to determine the 90-day stability of dronabinol capsules stored under various temperature conditions are reported. Methods High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet (UV) detection was used to assess the stability of dronabinol capsules (synthetic delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol [Δ9-THC] mixed with high-grade sesame oil and other inactive ingredients and encapsulated as soft gelatin capsules) that were frozen, refrigerated, or kept at room temperature for three months. The dronabinol capsules remained in the original foil-sealed blister packs until preparation for HPLC–UV assessment. The primary endpoint was the percentage of the initial Δ9-THC concentration remaining at multiple designated time points. The secondary aim was to perform forced-degradation studies under acidic conditions to demonstrate that the HPLC–UV method used was stability indicating. Results The appearance of the dronabinol capsules remained unaltered during frozen, cold, or room-temperature storage. Regardless of storage condition, the percentage of the initial Δ9-THC content remaining was greater than 97% for all evaluated samples at all time points over the three-month study. These experimental data indicate that the product packaging and the sesame oil used to formulate dronabinol capsules efficiently protect Δ9-THC from oxidative degradation to cannabinol; this suggests that pharmacies can store dronabinol capsules in nonrefrigerated automated dispensing systems, with a capsule expiration date of 90 days after removal from the refrigerator. Conclusion Dronabinol capsules may be stored at room temperature in their original packaging for up to three months without compromising capsule appearance and with minimal reduction in Δ9-THC concentration.

Sensorless Grey Prediction Fuzzy Direct Torque Control for High-Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

2012 ◽  
Vol 220-223 ◽  
pp. 1040-1043
Author(s):  
Hong Cui ◽  
You Qing Gao
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor ◽  
Direct Torque Control ◽  
Synchronous Motor ◽  
Torque Control ◽  
Adjustment Process ◽  
Grey Prediction ◽  
The Stability

High-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is more and more widely applied in high precision processing and high-performance machines. It is very important to research practical control strategy for the stability operation of the high-speed PMSM. The strategy of sensorless grey prediction fuzzy direct torque control (DTC) is proposed which is suitable for high-speed PMSM control system. The method of prediction fuzzy control based on DTC is used to gain the flux, torque and flux oriented angle through the prediction model of the motor parameters. The best control scheme is gained by fuzzy reasoning to overcome the lag on the system making the adjustment process stable and realizing accurate predictive control. Thereby, the dynamic response of the system, anti-disturbance capability and control accuracy can be improved.

scholarly journals Biological and physicochemical stability of ceftazidime and aminophylline on glucose parenteral solution

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-698
Author(s):  
Carolina Alves dos Santos ◽  
Laura Oliveira-Nascimento ◽  
Marcos Camargo Knirsch ◽  
Marco Antônio Stephano ◽  
Adalberto Pessoa Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
High Loss ◽  
Physicochemical Stability ◽  
Physicochemical Evaluation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Stability

Ceftazidime is a broad spectrum antibiotic administered mainly by the parenteral route, and it is especially effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The period of time in which serum levels exceed the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) is an important pharmacodynamic parameter for its efficacy. One of the forms to extend this period is to administer the antibiotic by continuous infusion, after prior dilution in a Parenteral Solution (PS). The present work assessed the stability of ceftazidime in 5% glucose PS for 24 hours, combined or not with aminophylline, through High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The physicochemical evaluation was accompanied by in vitro antimicrobial activity compared MIC test in the 24-hour period. Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the microorganisms chosen for the MIC comparison. The HPLC analysis confirmed ceftazidime and aminophylline individual stability on PS, while the MIC values were slightly higher than the mean described in the literature. When both drugs were associated in the same PS, the ceftazidime concentration by HPLC decreased 25% after 24 hours. Not only did the MIC values show high loss of antibiotic activity within the same period, but also altered MIC values immediately after the preparation, which was not detected by HPLC. Our results indicate that this drug combination is not compatible, even if used right away, and that PS might not be the best vehicle for ceftazidime, emphasizing the importance of the MIC evaluation for drug interactions.

Differential intestinal deconjugation of taurine and glycine bile acid N-acyl amidates in rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (2) ◽  
pp. G351-G358
Author(s):  
R. Zhang ◽  
S. Barnes ◽  
R. B. Diasio
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Chenodeoxycholic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Biliary Fistula ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Rat Bile

Mechanisms responsible for the difference in the relative amounts of taurine- and glycine-conjugated bile acid N-acyl amidates (Tau/Gly ratio) are not fully understood. In the present study, the stability of taurine- and glycine-conjugated bile acid N-acyl amidates during intestinal transit and absorption was examined to investigate the contribution of intestinal deconjugation to the Tau/Gly ratio in rat bile. Radiolabeled chenodeoxycholic acid (CDC) and its N-acyl amidates with glycine (CDC-Gly) or taurine (CDC-Tau) were introduced into the lumen of the upper small intestine in the biliary fistula rats, and radioactive metabolites in bile, blood, urine, and tissues were identified and quantitated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results indicated that 1) extensive deconjugation of CDC-Gly occurs during intestinal absorption; 2) CDC-Tau is recovered in bile largely intact; and 3) newly synthesized CDC-Tau and CDC-Gly are formed in a ratio of less than 2:1 after administration of [14C]-CDC. In summary, the present study demonstrates that resistance of taurine-conjugated bile acid N-acyl amidates to hydrolysis in the intestine, rather than a difference in synthesis of taurine- and glycine-conjugated N-acyl amidates in liver, may account for the high Tau/Gly ratio in rat bile.

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