scholarly journals Novel Trends in the Development of Surfactant-Based Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids: A Review

Gels ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 258
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Shibaev ◽  
Andrei A. Osiptsov ◽  
Olga E. Philippova
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Polymer Gels ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Surfactant Mixtures ◽  
Fracturing Fluids ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Main Components

Viscoelastic surfactants (VES) are amphiphilic molecules which self-assemble into long polymer-like aggregates—wormlike micelles. Such micellar chains form an entangled network, imparting high viscosity and viscoelasticity to aqueous solutions. VES are currently attracting great attention as the main components of clean hydraulic fracturing fluids used for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Fracturing fluids consist of proppant particles suspended in a viscoelastic medium. They are pumped into a wellbore under high pressure to create fractures, through which the oil can flow into the well. Polymer gels have been used most often for fracturing operations; however, VES solutions are advantageous as they usually require no breakers other than reservoir hydrocarbons to be cleaned from the well. Many attempts have recently been made to improve the viscoelastic properties, temperature, and salt resistance of VES fluids to make them a cost-effective alternative to polymer gels. This review aims at describing the novel concepts and advancements in the fundamental science of VES-based fracturing fluids reported in the last few years, which have not yet been widely industrially implemented, but are significant for prospective future applications. Recent achievements, reviewed in this paper, include the use of oligomeric surfactants, surfactant mixtures, hybrid nanoparticle/VES, or polymer/VES fluids. The advantages and limitations of the different VES fluids are discussed. The fundamental reasons for the different ways of improvement of VES performance for fracturing are described.

scholarly journals Preparation of a Hydrophobic-Associating Polymer with Ultra-High Salt Resistance Using Synergistic Effect

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Jincheng Mao ◽  
Jinzhou Zhao ◽  
Xiaojiang Yang ◽  
Tao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Shear Resistance ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Fracturing Fluids ◽  
Micellar Polymerization ◽  
Associating Polymer

Polymer, SRP-2-1, was synthesized by micellar polymerization and characterized by 1H NMR. Salt tolerance and viscoelasticity tests verified that the salt resistance of SRP-2-1 was promoted by the synergistic effects of oxyethylene groups, sulfonate, and hydrophobic chains. It is suggested that the structure of SRP-2-1 became more compact with increasing salinity. Furthermore, a mechanism is proposed as to why SRP-2-1 solution has excellent salt-resistance properties. The experimental results indicate that, because of the good shear resistance properties, the polymer SRP-2-1 could be used as an alternative in many fields, for instance in fracturing fluids, enhanced oil recovery, and sewage treatment.

Proppant Transport in Hydraulic Fractures by Creating a Capillary Suspension

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayomikun Bello
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Hydraulic Fractures ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Fracturing Fluids ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Fracture Development ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Slick water fracturing fluids with high viscosity and minimal friction pressure losses are commonly employed in hydraulic fracturing nowadays. At the same time, high injection rates can be used to perform hydraulic fracturing to get the calculated fracture sizes. The conventional algorithm for conducting a standard proppant hydraulic fracturing includes performing a pressure test using a linear gel without a trial proppant pack to determine the quality of communication with the formation and the initial parameters of the fracture; and performing a mini-hydraulic fracturing on a cross-linked gel with a trial proppant pack (1000 - 2000 kg) to assess the parameters of the fracture development used to correct the design of the main hydraulic fracturing operation. However, in complex geological conditions associated with the presence of small clay barriers between the target formation and above or below the water-saturated layers, as well as in low-productive formations, this conventional method of conducting hydraulic fracturing operations using high-viscosity fluids is not always suitable. Hydraulic fracturing in thin-layer formations is associated with a significant risk of the tightness established by the fracture being broken, as well as fluids contained in the underlying or overlying layers being involved in the drainage process. Hydraulic fracturing in low-productive formations creates fractures that are similar in shape to radial fractures, reducing the efficiency and profitability of the impact due to inefficient use of materials and reagents. The main task in this situation is to limit the height of the fracture development and increase their length. It is necessary to use low-viscosity fracturing fluids with a high ability to transfer proppants to reduce the specific pressure in the fracture and control the height of the rupture. The goal of this research is to develop such fluid.

scholarly journals Experience in conducting multi-zone hydraulic fracturing on the oilfield of PJSC «Tatneft»

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
L.S. Kuleshova ◽  
◽  
I.G. Fattakhov ◽  
Sh.Kh. Sultanov ◽  
R.U. Rabaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Effective Level ◽  
Test Graph

The paper presents the possibilities of expanding production opportunities in the oil company PJSC Tatneft. For this purpose, the well No.xxx7g with an inclined pilot borehole was drilled at the Bavlinskoye oil field and oriented core samples were taken to study the lithological cross-section and the geological structure of the subsurface horizons. The horizontal wellbore itself is located in the dankovo-lebedyansky horizon, where multi-zone hydraulic fracturing was carried out through ports with packers there. The following methods will increase the share of recoverable oil reserves in the oldest oil-producing Volga region by starting the development of new productive horizons and increase the oil recovery factors for these reservoirs. The methods used in this work will reduce the unit costs of increasing oil production and achieve a cost-effective level of work on wells of this type. The work had its own peculiarities. One of the reasons for the difficulty in interpreting the hydraulic fracturing Minifrac (Meyer software package) was the rather long time of closing fractures in domanic deposits during the registration of pressure drop. In turn, during the minifrac analysis of the Nolte G Time Test graph showed that the fracture did not close, and therefore it is impossible to determine the closing pressure (the pressure gradient of the gap) with reliable accuracy. Note that when interpreting the flow test results, the best match of the experimental and calculated curves is achieved when using the model of a horizontal well operating a homogeneous reservoir. Also, the deterioration of the bottom-hole zone may be associated with a weak opening of the created fractures. Keywords: oil; well; hydraulic fracturing; unconventionals; fracture; core.

scholarly journals Analysis Study Of The Effect In Selecting Combination Of Fracturing Fluid Types And Proppant Sizes On Folds Of Increase (FOI) To Improve Well Productivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Dimas Ramadhan ◽  
Hidayat Tulloh ◽  
Cahyadi Julianto
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Fracturing Fluid ◽  
Fracturing Fluids ◽  
Lower Viscosity ◽  
Pump Rate ◽  
Fracturing Process ◽  
Fractured Well ◽  
Selection Of

As fracturing materials, fracturing fluid and proppant are two very important parameters in doing hydraulic fracturing design. The combination of fractuirng fluid and proppant selection is the main focus and determinant of success in the hydraulic fracturing process. The high viscosity of the fracturing fluid will make it easier for the proppant to enter to fill the fractured parts, so that the conductivity of the fractured well will be better and can increase the folds of increase (FOI) compared to fracturing fluid with lower viscosity (Economides, 2000). This research was conducted by using the sensitivity test method on the selection of fracturing fluid combinations carried out at the TX-01 well with various sizes of proppants (namely; 12/18, 16/20, and 20/40 mesh) with the proppant selected being ceramic proppant type carbolite performed using the FracCADE simulator. Fracturing fluid was selected based on its viscosity, namely YF240OD and PrimeFRAC20 fluids with viscosity value of 4.123 cp and 171.1 cp, with a fixed pump rate of 14 bpm. The results showed that the combination of high-viscosity fluids (PrimeFRAC20) and 16/20 mesh proppant size resulted in a greater incremental fold (FOI) between the choice of another combination fracturing fluids and proppant sizes, namely 6.25.

Nano-Particle Surfactant in Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids for Enhanced Post Frac Oil Recovery

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey Quintero ◽  
Mike Mattucci ◽  
Robert Hawkes ◽  
Kewei Zhang ◽  
Bill O'Neil
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Nano Particle ◽  
Fracturing Fluids

2D Color-Intensity Representation of Ultrasonic Thickness Gauge Measurements

2020 ◽  
pp. 1192-1198
Author(s):  
M.S. Mohammad ◽  
Tibebe Tesfaye ◽  
Kim Ki-Seong
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Thickness Gauge ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Digital Readout ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Ultrasonic Thickness

Ultrasonic thickness gauges are easy to operate and reliable, and can be used to measure a wide range of thicknesses and inspect all engineering materials. Supplementing the simple ultrasonic thickness gauges that present results in either a digital readout or as an A-scan with systems that enable correlating the measured values to their positions on the inspected surface to produce a two-dimensional (2D) thickness representation can extend their benefits and provide a cost-effective alternative to expensive advanced C-scan machines. In previous work, the authors introduced a system for the positioning and mapping of the values measured by the ultrasonic thickness gauges and flaw detectors (Tesfaye et al. 2019). The system is an alternative to the systems that use mechanical scanners, encoders, and sophisticated UT machines. It used a camera to record the probe’s movement and a projected laser grid obtained by a laser pattern generator to locate the probe on the inspected surface. In this paper, a novel system is proposed to be applied to flat surfaces, in addition to overcoming the other limitations posed due to the use of the laser projection. The proposed system uses two video cameras, one to monitor the probe’s movement on the inspected surface and the other to capture the corresponding digital readout of the thickness gauge. The acquired images of the probe’s position and thickness gauge readout are processed to plot the measured data in a 2D color-coded map. The system is meant to be simpler and more effective than the previous development.

JS777

Alloy Digest ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
High Alloy ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Resistance To Stress ◽  
Nickel Base

Abstract JS777 is a high-alloy, fully austenitic stainless steel developed for applications where corrosive conditions are too severe for the standard grades of stainless steel. It also provides a cost-effective alternative to more expensive nickel-base and titanium-base alloys. It has relatively high resistance to stress-corrosion cracking and to intergranular corrosion. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: SS-377. Producer or source: Jessop Steel Company.

ANCORSTEEL 4300

Alloy Digest ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Effective Alternative ◽  
Powder Metal ◽  
Secondary Processing ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative

Abstract Ancorsteel 4300 alloy ferrous powder simulates wrought steel compositions and is a cost-effective alternative to alloys requiring secondary processing. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on heat treating and powder metal forms. Filing Code: SA-611. Producer or source: Hoeganaes Corporation.

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