Altered in Vitro Metabolomic Response of the Human Microbiota to Sweeteners

Non-nutritive sweeteners represent an ingredient class that directly affects human health, via the development of inflammatory processes that promote chronic diseases related to microbiota dysbiosis. Several in vitro tests were conducted in the static GIS1 simulator. The aim of the study was to highlight the effect of sweeteners on the microbiota pattern of healthy individuals, associated with any alteration in the metabolomic response, through the production of organic acids and ammonium. The immediate effect of the in vitro treatment and the influence of the specific sweetener type on the occurrence of dysbiosis were evaluated by determining the biomarkers of the microbiota response. The presence of the steviol reduced the ammonium level (minimum of 410 mg/L), while the addition of cyclamate and saccharin caused a decrease in the number of microorganisms, in addition to lowering the total quantity of synthesized short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The bifidobacteria appeared to decrease below 102 genomes/mL in all the analyzed samples at the end of the in vitro simulation period. Barring the in vitro treatment of steviol, all the sweeteners tested exerted a negative influence on the fermentative profile, resulting in a decline in the fermentative processes, a rise in the colonic pH, and uniformity of the SCFA ratio.

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A pilot study on the effect of Lactobacillus casei Zhang on intestinal microbiota parameters in Chinese subjects of different age

Beneficial Microbes ◽

10.3920/bm2013.0047 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 295-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

L.Y. Kwok ◽

L. Wang ◽

J. Zhang ◽

Z. Guo ◽

H. Zhang

Keyword(s):

Lactobacillus Casei ◽

Age Groups ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Fermented Milk ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Probiotic Properties ◽

Lactobacillus Casei Zhang ◽

The Impact ◽

Chinese Subjects

Ageing of the population is an imminent global problem. Lactobacillus casei Zhang (LcZ) was isolated from Inner Mongolian fermented milk, koumiss. LcZ possesses numerous probiotic properties in in vitro tests and in animal models. However, it has never been tested in any human trial. In the current study, the impact of oral consumption of LcZ on different age groups was tested. Chinese subjects, including 10 young, 7 middle-aged and 7 elderly volunteers (with mean age of 24.3, 47.6 and 64.7, respectively), were recruited. Each subject took 10.6 log10 cfu LcZ daily for a continuous period of 28 days. Several parameters, including the amounts of LcZ and four selected groups of bacteria, change of bacterial diversity, short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and total bile acids (TBA), were monitored in faecal samples collected from the subjects before starting, during and after stopping oral LcZ consumption. The consumption of LcZ exhibited beneficial effects to the subjects by modulating faecal microbiota in a temporal manner with a prolonged elevation of SCFA and reduction of TBA. The potentially harmful Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter genera were suppressed by the probiotic administration. Furthermore, a moderately divergent response was observed in the indigenous gut populations of Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides fragilis group in different age subjects. Taken together, the current study has provided proof on the positive effect of probiotic consumption and crucial insights into the design and application of probiotic-based products to users of different age segments.

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Coculture Strategy for Developing Lactobacillus paracasei PS23 Fermented Milk with Anti-Colitis Effect

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10102337 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 2337

Author(s):

Kai-Yi Lee ◽

Ying-Chieh Tsai ◽

Sheng-Yao Wang ◽

Yen-Po Chen ◽

Ming-Ju Chen

Keyword(s):

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Fermented Milk ◽

Fecal Calprotectin ◽

Lactobacillus Paracasei ◽

Intestinal Epithelial ◽

Epithelial Barrier Function ◽

Inflammatory Processes ◽

Bleeding Score

Few studies have documented the effects of fermented milk on intestinal colitis, which are mediated by regulating various microbial and inflammatory processes. Here, we investigated the effects of fermented milk with Lactobacillus paracasei PS23 on intestinal epithelial cells in vitro and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in vivo. As L. paracasei PS23 grew poorly in milk, a coculture strategy with yogurt culture was provided to produce fermented milk (FM). The results indicated that the coculture exhibited a symbiotic effect, contributing to the better microbial and physicochemical property of the fermented milk products. We further evaluated the anti-colitis effect of fermented milk with L. paracasei PS23 in vitro. Both PS23-fermented milk (PS23 FM) and its heat-killed counterpart (HK PS23 FM) could protect or reverse the increased epithelial permeability by strengthening the epithelial barrier function in vitro by increasing transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). In vivo analysis of the regulation of intestinal physiology demonstrated that low-dose L. paracasei PS23-fermented ameliorated DSS-induced colitis, with a significant attenuation of the bleeding score and reduction of fecal calprotectin levels. This anti-colitis effect may be exerted by deactivating the inflammatory cascade and strengthening the tight junction through the modification of specific cecal bacteria and upregulation of short-chain fatty acids. Our findings can clarify the role of L. paracasei PS23 in FM products when cocultured with yogurt culture and can elucidate the mechanisms of the anti-colitis effect of L. paracasei PS23 FM, which may be considered for therapeutic intervention.

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A Novel Grape-Derived Prebiotic Selectively Enhances Abundance and Metabolic Activity of Butyrate-Producing Bacteria in Faecal Samples

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.639948 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Lia Oliver ◽

Sara Ramió-Pujol ◽

Joan Amoedo ◽

Marta Malagón ◽

Marta Serrano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Therapeutic Strategy ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Faecal Microbiota ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Irritable Bowel ◽

And Control

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients have different faecal microbiota profiles compared to healthy controls. Prebiotics intake influences intestinal microbiota composition which in turn influence the growth of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) producing bacteria. This study aimed to evaluate the capacity of Previpect, a new prebiotic obtained from grapes fibre, to balance the dysbiosis found in patients with intestinal disorders. This was achieved through the analysis of specific bacterial markers and SCFA production using an in vitro fermentation system and comparing the obtained results with those obtained with other commercial prebiotics. Fresh faecal samples from patients with IBD (N = 6), IBS (N = 3), and control subjects (N = 6) were used. Previpect showed high fermentative ability enabling the growth of butyrate producing bacteria and increasing SCFA concentration up to 2.5-fold. Previpect is a promising prebiotic which may be used as a therapeutic strategy towards promotion of intestinal microbiota restoration, microbial healing, and as a preventive supplement for healthy individuals.

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Effects of in vitro treatment with fluticasone propionate on natural killer and lymphokine-induced killer activity in asthmatic and healthy individuals

Allergy ◽

10.1034/j.1398-9995.2001.00879.x ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 323-327 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

G. Di Lorenzo ◽

M. Esposito Pellitteri ◽

A. Drago ◽

P. Di Blasi ◽

G. Candore ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fluticasone Propionate ◽

Natural Killer ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Killer Activity ◽

In Vitro Treatment

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Anti-Diabetic Activity of a Mineraloid Isolate, in vitro and in Genetically Diabetic Mice

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000048 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 81 (1) ◽

pp. 34-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joel Deneau ◽

Taufeeq Ahmed ◽

Roger Blotsky ◽

Krzysztof Bojanowski

Keyword(s):

Dna Microarrays ◽

Human Fibroblasts ◽

Diabetic Animal ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Diabetic Mice ◽

Fossil Material ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Enhanced Expression ◽

Genetically Diabetic Mice

Type II diabetes is a metabolic disease mediated through multiple molecular pathways. Here, we report anti-diabetic effect of a standardized isolate from a fossil material - a mineraloid leonardite - in in vitro tests and in genetically diabetic mice. The mineraloid isolate stimulated mitochondrial metabolism in human fibroblasts and this stimulation correlated with enhanced expression of genes coding for mitochondrial proteins such as ATP synthases and ribosomal protein precursors, as measured by DNA microarrays. In the diabetic animal model, consumption of the Totala isolate resulted in decreased weight gain, blood glucose, and glycated hemoglobin. To our best knowledge, this is the first description ever of a fossil material having anti-diabetic activity in pre-clinical models.

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Comparison of High Purity Factor IX Concentrates and a Prothrombin Complex Concentrate in a Canine Model of Thrombogenicity

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1646468 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 66 (05) ◽

pp. 609-613 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

I R MacGregor ◽

J M Ferguson ◽

L F McLaughlin ◽

T Burnouf ◽

C V Prowse

Keyword(s):

High Purity ◽

Time Course ◽

Prothrombin Complex Concentrate ◽

Degradation Products ◽

Canine Model ◽

Factor Ix ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Albumin Infusion

SummaryA non-stasis canine model of thrombogenicity has been used to evaluate batches of high purity factor IX concentrates from 4 manufacturers and a conventional prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC). Platelets, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen, fibrin(ogen) degradation products and fibrinopeptide A (FPA) were monitored before and after infusion of concentrate. Changes in FPA were found to be the most sensitive and reproducible indicator of thrombogenicity after infusion of batches of the PCC at doses of between 60 and 180 IU/kg, with a dose related delayed increase in FPA occurring. Total FPA generated after 100-120 IU/kg of 3 batches of PCC over the 3 h time course was 9-12 times that generated after albumin infusion. In contrast the amounts of FPA generated after 200 IU/kg of the 4 high purity factor IX products were in all cases similar to albumin infusion. It was noted that some batches of high purity concentrates had short NAPTTs indicating that current in vitro tests for potential thrombogenicity may be misleading in predicting the effects of these concentrates in vivo.

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A Comparison of the in Vitro and in Vivo Thrombogenic Activity of Factor IX Concentrates Using Stasis (Wessler) and Non-Stasis Rabbit Models

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1650089 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 44 (02) ◽

pp. 081-086 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

C V Prowse ◽

A E Williams

Keyword(s):

Platelet Rich Plasma ◽

Thrombus Formation ◽

Factor Ix ◽

Coagulation System ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Clinical Use ◽

Low Activity

SummaryThe thrombogenic effects of selected factor IX concentrates were evaluated in two rabbit models; the Wessler stasis model and a novel non-stasis model. Concentrates active in either the NAPTT or TGt50 in vitro tests of potential thrombogenicity, or both, caused thrombus formation in the Wessler technique and activation of the coagulation system in the non-stasis model. A concentrate with low activity in both in vitro tests did not have thrombogenic effects in vivo, at the chosen dose. Results in the non-stasis model suggested that the thrombogenic effects of factor IX concentrates may occur by at least two mechanisms. A concentrate prepared from platelet-rich plasma and a pyrogenic concentrate were also tested and found to have no thrombogenic effect in vivo.These studies justify the use of the NAPTT and TGt50 in vitro tests for the screening of factor IX concentrates prior to clinical use.

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In Vitro Thrombogenicity Tests of Factor IX Concentrates

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1657035 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 42 (05) ◽

pp. 1355-1367 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

C V Prowse ◽

A Chirnside ◽

R A Elton

Keyword(s):

Factor Viii ◽

Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽

Generation Time ◽

Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽

Factor Ix ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Factor Viii Inhibitor ◽

Factor Ixa ◽

Viii Inhibitor

SummaryVarious factor IX concentrates have been examined in a number of in vitro tests of thrombogenicity. The results suggest that some tests are superfluous as in concentrates with activity in any of these tests activation is revealed by a combination of the non-activated partial thromboplastin time, the thrombin (or Xa) generation time and factor VIII inhibitor bypassing activity tests. Assay of individual coagulant enzymes revealed that most concentrates contained more factor IXa than Xa. However only a small number of concentrates, chiefly those that had been purposefully activated, contained appreciable amounts of either enzyme.

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Inhibition of Fibrinolysis and Fibrinogenolysis in Man: Comparison of ε-Aminocaproic Acid and Kallikrein Inhibitor

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1660337 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 10 (01) ◽

pp. 106-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

E Beck ◽

R Schmutzler ◽

F Duckert ◽

Keyword(s):

Aminocaproic Acid ◽

Side Reactions ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Factor V ◽

Clinical Use ◽

Strong Inhibitor ◽

Kallikrein Inhibitor ◽

Therapeutic Possibilities

SummaryInhibitor of kallikrein and trypsin (KI) extracted from bovine parotis was compared with ε-aminocaproic acid (EACA): both substances inhibit fibrinolysis induced with streptokinase. EACA is a strong inhibitor of fibrinolysis in concentrations higher than 0, 1 mg per ml plasma. The same amount and higher concentrations are not able to inhibit completely the proteolytic-side reactions of fibrinolysis (fibrinogenolysis, diminution of factor V, rise of fibrin-polymerization-inhibitors). KI inhibits well proteolysis of plasma components in concentrations higher than 2,5 units per ml plasma. Much higher amounts of KI are needed to inhibit fibrinolysis as demonstrated by our in vivo and in vitro tests.Combination of the two substances for clinical use is suggested. Therapeutic possibilities are discussed.

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