scholarly journals Pathogenesis of Ischemic Stroke: Role of Epigenetic Mechanisms

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosita Stanzione ◽  
Maria Cotugno ◽  
Franca Bianchi ◽  
Simona Marchitti ◽  
Maurizio Forte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Epigenetic Modifications ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

Epigenetics is the branch of molecular biology that studies modifications able to change gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. Epigenetic modulations include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs. These gene modifications are heritable and modifiable and can be triggered by lifestyle and nutritional factors. In recent years, epigenetic changes have been associated with the pathogenesis of several diseases such as diabetes, obesity, renal pathology, and different types of cancer. They have also been related with the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases including ischemic stroke. Importantly, since epigenetic modifications are reversible processes they could assist with the development of new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of human diseases. In the present review article, we aim to collect the most recent evidence concerning the impact of epigenetic modifications on the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke in both animal models and humans.

Corrigendum

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-235
Keyword(s):  
Review Article ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches

In the Review Article entitled “An Emerging Role of Endometrial Inflammasome in Reproduction: New Therapeutic Approaches” published in Protein & Peptides Letters, 2018, Vol. 26, No. 5, the affiliations of authors are revised due to recent restructuring that took place within the Institution for which the authors work for. The revised affiliation is as follows: </p><p> Fiorella Di Nicuoloa,b,*, Monia Specchiac, Lorenza Trentavizic, Alfredo Pontecorvid, Giovanni Scambiacc,e and Nicoletta Di Simoneb,c </p><p> aIstituto Scientifico Internazionale Paolo VI, ISI, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italia; bFondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, U.O.C. di Ostetricia e Patologia Ostetrica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Roma, Italia; cUniversità Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica, Roma, Italia; dFondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino- Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Roma, Italia; eFondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, U.O.C. di Ginecologia Oncologica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Roma, Italia

scholarly journals Emerging role of circadian clock disruption in alcohol-induced liver disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (3) ◽  
pp. G364-G373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon M. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Timing System ◽  
Excessive Alcohol ◽  
The Impact

The detrimental health effects of excessive alcohol consumption are well documented. Alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD) is the leading cause of death from chronic alcohol use. As with many diseases, the etiology of ALD is influenced by how the liver responds to other secondary insults. The molecular circadian clock is an intrinsic cellular timing system that helps organisms adapt and synchronize metabolism to changes in their environment. The clock also influences how tissues respond to toxic, environmental, and metabolic stressors, like alcohol. Consistent with the essential role for clocks in maintaining health, genetic and environmental disruption of the circadian clock contributes to disease. While a large amount of rich literature is available showing that alcohol disrupts circadian-driven behaviors and that circadian clock disruption increases alcohol drinking and preference, very little is known about the role circadian clocks play in alcohol-induced tissue injuries. In this review, recent studies examining the effect alcohol has on the circadian clock in peripheral tissues (liver and intestine) and the impact circadian clock disruption has on development of ALD are presented. This review also highlights some of the rhythmic metabolic processes in the liver that are disrupted by alcohol and potential mechanisms through which alcohol disrupts the liver clock. Improved understanding of the mechanistic links between the circadian clock and alcohol will hopefully lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches for treating ALD and other alcohol-related organ pathologies.

scholarly journals Neuroprotective activity of orexin system in ischemic stroke

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
I. A. Filchenko ◽  
Yu. V. Sviryaev ◽  
T. D. Vlasov
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Neuroprotective Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Protective Potential ◽  
New Methods ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
The Common

The protective potential of orexin system is a field of interest in the search of the new methods to diminish brain damage in ischemic stroke. The cytoprotective potential of orexins in hypoxic damage is associated with their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties and with their ability to activate proliferation and normalize metabolism. Even though today little is known about the role of orexins in memory and pain in ischemic stroke, the common features of the pathogenesis of these disruptions and the mechanisms of orexin-associated protection could suggest the opportunity to use of orexins for correction of these complications following ischemic stroke. Further studies of the orexin-associated neuroprotection could become the further step on the way to the new therapeutic approaches in ischemic stroke.

scholarly journals Small RNAs, Big Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Rzeszutek ◽  
Aditi Singh
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Related Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types

The past two decades have seen extensive research done to pinpoint the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) that have led to discovering thousands of miRNAs in humans. It is not, therefore, surprising to see many of them implicated in a number of common as well as rare human diseases. In this review article, we summarize the progress in our understanding of miRNA-related research in conjunction with different types of cancers and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as their potential in generating more reliable diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Genetic View To Stroke Occurrence

2017 ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Sadegh Yoosefee ◽  
Seyyed Amir Hejazi ◽  
Ehsan Sharifipour ◽  
Tayyebeh Sabokbar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
The Other ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
The Third ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Risk Of Disease

Stroke is the third leading cause of death. The role of genetics in the etiology and development of this disease is undeniable. As a result of inadequate previous research, more and more studies in the field of genetics are necessary to identify pathways involved in the pathogenesis of stroke, which in turn, may lead to new therapeutic approaches. However, due to the multifactorial nature of stroke and the few studies conducted in this field, genetic diversity is able to predict only a small fraction of the risk of disease. On the other hand, studies have shown genetically different architecture for different types of stroke, and finally pharmacogenomics as an important part of personalized medicine approach, is influenced by genetic studies, all of which confirm the need of addressing the topic by researchers.         

Epigenetic Studies in Psychotherapy: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
Rafael Penadés ◽  
Bárbara Arias ◽  
Mar Fatjó-Vilas ◽  
Laura González-Vallespí ◽  
Clemente García-Rizo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Epigenetic Modifications ◽  
Symptom Improvement ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Psychological Treatments ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Impact

Background: Epigenetic modifications appear to be dynamic and they might be affected by environmental factors. The possibility of influencing these processes through psychotherapy has been suggested. Objective: To analyse the impact of psychotherapy on epigenetics when applied to mental disorders. The main hypothesis is that psychological treatments will produce epigenetic modifications related to the improvement of treated symptoms. Methods: A computerised and systematic search was completed throughout the time period from 1990 to 2019 on the PubMed, ScienceDirect and Scopus databases. Results: In total, 11 studies were selected. The studies were evaluated for the theoretical framework, genes involved, type of psychotherapy and clinical challenges and perspectives. All studies showed detectable changes at the epigenetic level, like DNA methylation changes, associated with symptom improvement after psychotherapy. Conclusion: Methylation profiles could be moderating treatment effects of psychotherapy. Beyond the detected epigenetic changes after psychotherapy, the epigenetic status before the implementation could act as an effective predictor of response.

Situational Breakdowns

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Nassauer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Outcomes ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Collective Decisions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

This book provides an account of how and why routine interactions break down and how such situational breakdowns lead to protest violence and other types of surprising social outcomes. It takes a close-up look at the dynamic processes of how situations unfold and compares their role to that of motivations, strategies, and other contextual factors. The book discusses factors that can draw us into violent situations and describes how and why we make uncommon individual and collective decisions. Covering different types of surprise outcomes from protest marches and uprisings turning violent to robbers failing to rob a store at gunpoint, it shows how unfolding situations can override our motivations and strategies and how emotions and culture, as well as rational thinking, still play a part in these events. The first chapters study protest violence in Germany and the United States from 1960 until 2010, taking a detailed look at what happens between the start of a protest and the eruption of violence or its peaceful conclusion. They compare the impact of such dynamics to the role of police strategies and culture, protesters’ claims and violent motivations, the black bloc and agents provocateurs. The analysis shows how violence is triggered, what determines its intensity, and which measures can avoid its outbreak. The book explores whether we find similar situational patterns leading to surprising outcomes in other types of small- and large-scale events: uprisings turning violent, such as Ferguson in 2014 and Baltimore in 2015, and failed armed store robberies.

scholarly journals Threat or Corrective? Assessing the Impact of Populist Parties in Government on the Qualities of Democracy: A 19-Country Comparison

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Davide Vittori
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Quality Of Democracy ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
Country Comparison ◽  
Democratic Regimes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Scholars have long debated whether populism harms or improves the quality of democracy. This article contributes to this debate by focusing on the impact of populist parties in government. In particular, it inquires: (1) whether populists in government are more likely than non-populists to negatively affect the quality of democracies; (2) whether the role of populists in government matters; and (3) which type of populism is expected to negatively affect the quality of liberal-democratic regimes. The results find strong evidence that the role of populists in government affects several qualities of democracy. While robust, the findings related to (2) are less clear-cut than those pertaining to (1). Finally, regardless of their role in government, different types of populism have different impacts on the qualities of democracy. The results show that exclusionary populist parties in government tend to have more of a negative impact than other forms of populism.

scholarly journals The emerging role of mechanical and topographical factors in the development and treatment of nervous system disorders: dark and light sides of the force

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Bryniarska-Kubiak ◽  
Andrzej Kubiak ◽  
Małgorzata Lekka ◽  
Agnieszka Basta-Kaim
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Nervous System Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
System Disease ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Topographical Factors ◽  
New Treatment

AbstractNervous system diseases are the subject of intensive research due to their association with high mortality rates and their potential to cause irreversible disability. Most studies focus on targeting the biological factors related to disease pathogenesis, e.g. use of recombinant activator of plasminogen in the treatment of stroke. Nevertheless, multiple diseases such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease still lack successful treatment. Recently, evidence has indicated that physical factors such as the mechanical properties of cells and tissue and topography play a crucial role in homeostasis as well as disease progression. This review aims to depict these factors’ roles in the progression of nervous system diseases and consequently discusses the possibility of new therapeutic approaches. The literature is reviewed to provide a deeper understanding of the roles played by physical factors in nervous system disease development to aid in the design of promising new treatment approaches. Graphic abstract

The Role of Understanding on Architectural Beauty: Evidence From the Impact of Semantic Description on the Aesthetic Evaluation of Architecture

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412110021
Author(s):  
Sizhe Liu ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Xianyou He ◽  
Xiaoxiang Tang ◽  
Shuxian Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Supplementary Information ◽  
Aesthetic Evaluation ◽  
Abstract Description ◽  
Social Meanings ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Appearance Design ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Impact

There is evidence that greater aesthetic experience can be linked to artworks when their corresponding meanings can be successfully inferred and understood. Modern cultural-expo architecture can be considered a form of artistic creation and design, and the corresponding design philosophy may be derived from representational objects or abstract social meanings. The present study investigates whether cultural-expo architecture with an easy-to-understand architectural appearance design is perceived as more beautiful and how architectural photographs and different types of descriptions of architectural appearance designs interact and produce higher aesthetic evaluations. The results showed an obvious aesthetic preference for cultural-expo architecture with an easy-to-understand architectural appearance design (Experiment 1). Moreover, we found that the aesthetic rating score of architectural photographs accompanied by an abstract description was significantly higher than that of those accompanied by a representational description only under the difficult-to-understand design condition (Experiment 2). The results indicated that people preferred cultural-expo architecture with an easy-to-understand architectural appearance design due to a greater understanding of the design, providing further evidence that abstract descriptions can provide supplementary information and explanation to enhance the sense of beauty of abstract cultural-expo architecture.

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