scholarly journals The DLO Hi-C Tool for Digestion-Ligation-Only Hi-C Chromosome Conformation Capture Data Analysis

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Hong ◽  
Hao Jiang ◽  
Weize Xu ◽  
Da Lin ◽  
Qian Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Chromosome Conformation Capture ◽  
Genome Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Conformation ◽  
3D Genome

It is becoming increasingly important to understand the mechanism of regulatory elements on target genes in long-range genomic distance. 3C (chromosome conformation capture) and its derived methods are now widely applied to investigate three-dimensional (3D) genome organizations and gene regulation. Digestion-ligation-only Hi-C (DLO Hi-C) is a new technology with high efficiency and cost-effectiveness for whole-genome chromosome conformation capture. Here, we introduce the DLO Hi-C tool, a flexible and versatile pipeline for processing DLO Hi-C data from raw sequencing reads to normalized contact maps and for providing quality controls for different steps. It includes more efficient iterative mapping and linker filtering. We applied the DLO Hi-C tool to different DLO Hi-C datasets and demonstrated its ability in processing large data with multithreading. The DLO Hi-C tool is suitable for processing DLO Hi-C and in situ DLO Hi-C datasets. It is convenient and efficient for DLO Hi-C data processing.

scholarly journals DLO Hi-C Tool for Digestion-Ligation-Only Hi-C Chromosome Conformation Capture Data Analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Hong ◽  
Hao Jiang ◽  
Weize Xu ◽  
Da Lin ◽  
Qian Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Chromosome Conformation Capture ◽  
Genome Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Conformation ◽  
Effective Cost

AbstractBackgroundIt is becoming increasingly important to understand the mechanism of regulatory elements on target genes in long-range genomic distance. 3C (Chromosome Conformation Capture) and its derived methods are now widely applied to investigate genome organizations and gene regulation. Digestion-Ligation-Only Hi-C (DLO Hi-C) is a new technology with high efficiency and effective cost for whole-genome chromosome conformation capture.ResultsHere, we introduce DLO Hi-C Tool, a flexible and versatile pipeline for processing DLO Hi-C data from raw sequencing reads to normalized contact maps and providing quality controls for different steps. It includes more efficient iterative mapping and linker filtering. We applied DLO Hi-C Tool to different DLO Hi-C datasets, and demonstrated its ability of processing large data in multi-threading.ConclusionsDLO Hi-C Tool is suitable for processing DLO Hi-C and in situ DLO Hi-C datasets. It is convenient and efficient for DLO Hi-C data processing.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Genome Interactions Identify Potential Adipocyte Metabolism-Associated Gene STON1 and Immune-Correlated Gene FSHR at the rs13405728 Locus in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Can-hui Cao ◽  
Ye Wei ◽  
Rang Liu ◽  
Xin-ran Lin ◽  
Jia-qi Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Chromosome Conformation ◽  
3D Genome ◽  
Caucasian Women ◽  
Genome Interactions

Backgroundrs13405728 was identified as one of the most prevalent susceptibility loci for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in Han Chinese and Caucasian women. However, the target genes and potential mechanisms of the rs13405728 locus remain to be determined.MethodsThree-dimensional (3D) genome interactions from the ovary tissue were characterized via high-through chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) and Capture Hi-C technologies to identify putative targets at the rs13405728 locus. Combined analyses of eQTL, RNA-Seq, DNase-Seq, ChIP-Seq, and sing-cell sequencing were performed to explore the molecular roles of these target genes in PCOS. PCOS-like mice were applied to verify the expression patterns.ResultsGenerally, STON1 and FSHR were identified as potential targets of the rs13405728 locus in 3D genomic interactions with epigenomic regulatory peaks, with STON1 (P=0.0423) and FSHR (P=0.0013) being highly expressed in PCOS patients. STON1 co-expressed genes were associated with metabolic processes (P=0.0008) in adipocytes (P=0.0001), which was validated in the fat tissue (P<0.0001) and ovary (P=0.0035) from fat-diet mice. The immune system process (GO:0002376) was enriched in FSHR co-expressed genes (P=0.0002) and PCOS patients (P=0.0002), with CD4 high expression in PCOS patients (P=0.0316) and PCOS-like models (P=0.0079). Meanwhile, FSHR expression was positively correlated with CD4 expression in PCOS patients (P=0.0252) and PCOS-like models (P=0.0178). Furthermore, androgen receptor (AR) was identified as the common transcription factor for STON1 and FSHR and positively correlated with the expression of STON1 (P=0.039) and FSHR (P=4e-06) in ovary tissues and PCOS-like mice.ConclusionOverall, we identified STON1 and FSHR as potential targets for the rs13405728 locus and their roles in the processes of adipocyte metabolism and CD4 immune expression in PCOS, which provides 3D genomic insight into the pathogenesis of PCOS.

scholarly journals Understanding 3D Genome Organization and Its Effect on Transcriptional Gene Regulation Under Environmental Stress in Plant: A Chromatin Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Kumar ◽  
Simardeep Kaur ◽  
Karishma Seem ◽  
Santosh Kumar ◽  
Trilochan Mohapatra
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Genome Organization ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Chromosome Conformation ◽  
3D Genome ◽  
Chromatin Architecture ◽  
Capture Techniques

The genome of a eukaryotic organism is comprised of a supra-molecular complex of chromatin fibers and intricately folded three-dimensional (3D) structures. Chromosomal interactions and topological changes in response to the developmental and/or environmental stimuli affect gene expression. Chromatin architecture plays important roles in DNA replication, gene expression, and genome integrity. Higher-order chromatin organizations like chromosome territories (CTs), A/B compartments, topologically associating domains (TADs), and chromatin loops vary among cells, tissues, and species depending on the developmental stage and/or environmental conditions (4D genomics). Every chromosome occupies a separate territory in the interphase nucleus and forms the top layer of hierarchical structure (CTs) in most of the eukaryotes. While the A and B compartments are associated with active (euchromatic) and inactive (heterochromatic) chromatin, respectively, having well-defined genomic/epigenomic features, TADs are the structural units of chromatin. Chromatin architecture like TADs as well as the local interactions between promoter and regulatory elements correlates with the chromatin activity, which alters during environmental stresses due to relocalization of the architectural proteins. Moreover, chromatin looping brings the gene and regulatory elements in close proximity for interactions. The intricate relationship between nucleotide sequence and chromatin architecture requires a more comprehensive understanding to unravel the genome organization and genetic plasticity. During the last decade, advances in chromatin conformation capture techniques for unravelling 3D genome organizations have improved our understanding of genome biology. However, the recent advances, such as Hi-C and ChIA-PET, have substantially increased the resolution, throughput as well our interest in analysing genome organizations. The present review provides an overview of the historical and contemporary perspectives of chromosome conformation capture technologies, their applications in functional genomics, and the constraints in predicting 3D genome organization. We also discuss the future perspectives of understanding high-order chromatin organizations in deciphering transcriptional regulation of gene expression under environmental stress (4D genomics). These might help design the climate-smart crop to meet the ever-growing demands of food, feed, and fodder.

Androgen receptor: acting in the three-dimensional chromatin landscape of prostate cancer cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harri Makkonen ◽  
Jorma J. Palvimo
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Gene Promoters ◽  
Loop Formation ◽  
Prostate Cancer Cells

AbstractAndrogen receptor (AR) acts as a hormone-controlled transcription factor that conveys the messages of both natural and synthetic androgens to the level of genes and gene programs. Defective AR signaling leads to a wide array of androgen insensitivity disorders, and deregulated AR function, in particular overexpression of AR, is involved in the growth and progression of prostate cancer. Classic models of AR action view AR-binding sites as upstream regulatory elements in gene promoters or their proximity. However, recent wider genomic screens indicate that AR target genes are commonly activated through very distal chromatin-binding sites. This highlights the importance of long-range chromatin regulation of transcription by the AR, shifting the focus from the linear gene models to three-dimensional models of AR target genes and gene programs. The capability of AR to regulate promoters from long distances in the chromatin is particularly important when evaluating the role of AR in the regulation of genes in malignant prostate cells that frequently show striking genomic aberrations, especially gene fusions. Therefore, in addition to the mechanisms of DNA loop formation between the enhancer bound ARs and the transcription apparatus at the target core promoter, the mechanisms insulating distally bound ARs from promiscuously making contacts and activating other than their normal target gene promoters are critical for proper physiological regulation and thus currently under intense investigation. This review discusses the current knowledge about the AR action in the context of gene aberrations and the three-dimensional chromatin landscape of prostate cancer cells.

scholarly journals Reorganization of chromosome architecture in replicative cellular senescence

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. e1500882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven W. Criscione ◽  
Marco De Cecco ◽  
Benjamin Siranosian ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Jill A. Kreiling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chromatin Accessibility ◽  
Genome Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Conformation ◽  
Topologically Associated Domains ◽  
Chromosomal Architecture ◽  
Fundamental Biological Process ◽  
3D Architecture

Replicative cellular senescence is a fundamental biological process characterized by an irreversible arrest of proliferation. Senescent cells accumulate a variety of epigenetic changes, but the three-dimensional (3D) organization of their chromatin is not known. We applied a combination of whole-genome chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C), fluorescence in situ hybridization, and in silico modeling methods to characterize the 3D architecture of interphase chromosomes in proliferating, quiescent, and senescent cells. Although the overall organization of the chromatin into active (A) and repressive (B) compartments and topologically associated domains (TADs) is conserved between the three conditions, a subset of TADs switches between compartments. On a global level, the Hi-C interaction matrices of senescent cells are characterized by a relative loss of long-range and gain of short-range interactions within chromosomes. Direct measurements of distances between genetic loci, chromosome volumes, and chromatin accessibility suggest that the Hi-C interaction changes are caused by a significant reduction of the volumes occupied by individual chromosome arms. In contrast, centromeres oppose this overall compaction trend and increase in volume. The structural model arising from our study provides a unique high-resolution view of the complex chromosomal architecture in senescent cells.

scholarly journals Exploring the Effects of Genetic Variation on Gene Regulation in Cancer in the Context of 3D Genome Structure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noha Osman ◽  
Abd-El-Monsif Shawky ◽  
Michal Brylinski
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
3D Genome ◽  
Risk Snps ◽  
Prostate Cancers ◽  
3D Genome Structure

Abstract Background: Numerous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) conducted to date revealed genetic variants associated with various diseases, including breast and prostate cancers. Despite the availability of these large-scale data, relatively few variants have been functionally characterized, mainly because the majority of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) map to the non-coding regions of the human genome. The functional characterization of these non-coding variants and the identification of their target genes remain challenging.Results: In this communication, we explore the potential functional mechanisms of non-coding SNPs by integrating GWAS with the high-resolution chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) data for breast and prostate cancers. We show that more genetic variants map to regulatory elements through the 3D genome structure than the 1D linear genome lacking physical chromatin interactions. Importantly, the association of enhancers, transcription factors, and their target genes with breast and prostate cancers tends to be higher when these regulatory elements are mapped to high-risk SNPs through spatial interactions compared to simply using a linear proximity. Finally, we demonstrate that topologically associating domains (TADs) carrying high-risk SNPs also contain gene regulatory elements whose association with cancer is generally higher than those belonging to control TADs containing no high-risk variants.Conclusions: Our results suggest that many SNPs may contribute to the cancer development by affecting the expression of certain tumor-related genes through long-range chromatin interactions with gene regulatory elements. Integrating large-scale genetic datasets with the 3D genome structure offers an attractive and unique approach to systematically investigate the functional mechanisms of genetic variants in disease risk and progression.

scholarly journals The 3D Genome Browser: a web-based browser for visualizing 3D genome organization and long-range chromatin interactions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanli Wang ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Lijun Zhang ◽  
Lin An ◽  
Jie Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Organization ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Genome Browser ◽  
Chromatin Interaction ◽  
Interaction Data ◽  
3D Genome ◽  
Chromatin Interactions

ABSTRACTRecent advent of 3C-based technologies such as Hi-C and ChIA-PET provides us an opportunity to explore chromatin interactions and 3D genome organization in an unprecedented scale and resolution. However, it remains a challenge to visualize chromatin interaction data due to its size and complexity. Here, we introduce the 3D Genome Browser (http://3dgenome.org), which allows users to conveniently explore both publicly available and their own chromatin interaction data. Users can also seamlessly integrate other “omics” data sets, such as ChIP-Seq and RNA-Seq for the same genomic region, to gain a complete view of both regulatory landscape and 3D genome structure for any given gene. Finally, our browser provides multiple methods to link distal cis-regulatory elements with their potential target genes, including virtual 4C, ChIA-PET, Capture Hi-C and cross-cell-type correlation of proximal and distal DNA hypersensitive sites, and therefore represents a valuable resource for the study of gene regulation in mammalian genomes.

Investigation on the Simulation System of GTAW Operation Based on Virtual Reality Technology

2008 ◽  
Vol 575-578 ◽  
pp. 709-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Xin Liang ◽  
Jian Xun Zhang ◽  
Yi Pei
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Simulation System ◽  
Training System ◽  
Stereoscopic Vision ◽  
Training Scheme ◽  
Training Cost

Gas shield Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) is an important process method in material processing. Welding quality is vital for the product quality. It is an important way to improve the quality of product by raising the personal capability and handling technique of the welder. In this investigation, because of the deficiency in classic welding training scheme, some new technology were introduced into classic welding training field to improve the efficiency of welding training and reduce training cost. A computer simulation system that can be used to train primary welders was developed combined with three-dimensional stereoscopic vision and API interface of OpenGL, virtual reality is the kernel technology. In this system, welders were trained not in the real operating environment but in the virtual environment where has experience personally effect that simulated by computer. There is unnecessary with welding material and welding energy in virtual environment simulated by computer. It has highly automatic and intelligent and lower required to welding teachers. It is healthy to welder because that intensive arc and harmful dust are disappeared in virtual environment. It is a lower cost and high efficiency method by use of virtual training system to training new welder.

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