scholarly journals Applications of CRISPR-Cas Technologies to Proteomics

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1790
Author(s):  
Georgii Dolgalev ◽  
Ekaterina Poverennaya
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Biological Models ◽  
Potential Applications

CRISPR-Cas-based genome editing is a revolutionary approach that has provided an unprecedented investigational power for the life sciences. Rapid and efficient, CRISPR-Cas technologies facilitate the generation of complex biological models and at the same time provide the necessary methods required to study these models in depth. The field of proteomics has already significantly benefited from leveraging the power of CRISPR-Cas technologies, however, many potential applications of these technologies in the context of proteomics remain unexplored. In this review, we intend to provide an introduction to the CRISPR-Cas technologies and demonstrate how they can be applied to solving proteome-centric questions. To achieve this goal, we begin with the description of the modern suite of CRISPR-Cas-based tools, focusing on the more mature CRISPR-Cas9 system. In the second part of this review, we highlight both established and potential applications of the CRISPR-Cas technologies to proteomics.

scholarly journals CRISPR base editors: genome editing without double-stranded breaks

2018 ◽  
Vol 475 (11) ◽  
pp. 1955-1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman Eid ◽  
Sahar Alshareef ◽  
Magdy M. Mahfouz
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Cytidine Deaminases ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Base Editing ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Short Palindromic Repeat ◽  
Basic Biology

The CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat)/Cas9 adaptive immunity system has been harnessed for genome editing applications across eukaryotic species, but major drawbacks, such as the inefficiency of precise base editing and off-target activities, remain. A catalytically inactive Cas9 variant (dead Cas9, dCas9) has been fused to diverse functional domains for targeting genetic and epigenetic modifications, including base editing, to specific DNA sequences. As base editing does not require the generation of double-strand breaks, dCas9 and Cas9 nickase have been used to target deaminase domains to edit specific loci. Adenine and cytidine deaminases convert their respective nucleotides into other DNA bases, thereby offering many possibilities for DNA editing. Such base-editing enzymes hold great promise for applications in basic biology, trait development in crops, and treatment of genetic diseases. Here, we discuss recent advances in precise gene editing using different platforms as well as their potential applications in basic biology and biotechnology.

scholarly journals Excited state dynamics for visible-light sensitization of a photochromic benzil-subsituted phenoxyl-imidazolyl radical

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 2369-2379
Author(s):  
Yoichi Kobayashi ◽  
Yukie Mamiya ◽  
Katsuya Mutoh ◽  
Hikaru Sotome ◽  
Masafumi Koga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Transient Absorption ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Transient Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Back Reaction ◽  
Switching Speed ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications

Visible-light sensitized photoswitches have been paid particular attention in the fields of life sciences and materials science because long-wavelength light reduces photodegradation, transmits deep inside of matters, and achieves the selective excitation in condensed systems. Among various photoswitch molecules, the phenoxyl-imidazolyl radical complex (PIC) is a recently developed thermally reversible photochromic molecule whose thermal back reaction can be tuned from tens of nanoseconds to tens of seconds by rational design of the molecular structure. While the wide range of tunability of the switching speed of PIC opened up various potential applications, no photosensitivity to visible light limits its applications. In this study, we synthesized a visible-light sensitized PIC derivative conjugated with a benzil unit. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy revealed that the benzil unit acts as a singlet photosensitizer for PIC by the Dexter-type energy transfer. Visible-light sensitized photochromic reactions of PIC are important for expanding the versatility of potential applications to life sciences and materials science.

scholarly journals Genome Editing for Plasmodesmal Biology

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arya Bagus Boedi Iswanto ◽  
Rahul Mahadev Shelake ◽  
Minh Huy Vu ◽  
Jae-Yean Kim ◽  
Sang Hee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Molecular Function ◽  
Associate Protein ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Insight Into

Plasmodesmata (PD) are cytoplasmic canals that facilitate intercellular communication and molecular exchange between adjacent plant cells. PD-associated proteins are considered as one of the foremost factors in regulating PD function that is critical for plant development and stress responses. Although its potential to be used for crop engineering is enormous, our understanding of PD biology was relatively limited to model plants, demanding further studies in crop systems. Recently developed genome editing techniques such as Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR associate protein (CRISPR/Cas) might confer powerful approaches to dissect the molecular function of PD components and to engineer elite crops. Here, we assess several aspects of PD functioning to underline and highlight the potential applications of CRISPR/Cas that provide new insight into PD biology and crop improvement.

scholarly journals Opto-thermophoretic fiber tweezers

Nanophotonics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhay Kotnala ◽  
Yuebing Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Single Particle ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Colloidal Assembly ◽  
Single Nanoparticle ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Functional Versatility

AbstractRecent advances in opto-thermophoretic tweezers open new avenues for low-power trapping and manipulation of nanoparticles with potential applications in colloidal assembly, nanomanufacturing, life sciences, and nanomedicine. However, to fully exploit the opto-thermophoretic tweezers for widespread applications, the enhancement of their versatility in nanoparticle manipulations is pivotal. For this purpose, we translate our newly developed opto-thermophoretic tweezers onto an optical fiber platform known as opto-thermophoretic fiber tweezers (OTFT). We have demonstrated the applications of OTFT as a nanoparticle concentrator, as a nanopipette for single particle delivery, and as a nanoprobe. The simple setup and functional versatility of OTFT would encourage its use in various fields such as additive manufacturing, single nanoparticle-cell interactions, and biosensing.

scholarly journals Applications of CRISPR-Cas9 as an Advanced Genome Editing System in Life Sciences

BioTech ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Kamand Tavakoli ◽  
Alireza Pour-Aboughadareh ◽  
Farzad Kianersi ◽  
Peter Poczai ◽  
Alireza Etminan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Plant Science ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Genomic Tools ◽  
Targeted Nucleases

Targeted nucleases are powerful genomic tools to precisely change the target genome of living cells, controlling functional genes with high exactness. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) genome editing system has been identified as one of the most useful biological tools in genetic engineering that is taken from adaptive immune strategies for bacteria. In recent years, this system has made significant progress and it has been widely used in genome editing to create gene knock-ins, knock-outs, and point mutations. This paper summarizes the application of this system in various biological sciences, including medicine, plant science, and animal breeding.

scholarly journals Recent advances in the analysis of behavioural organization and interpretation as indicators of animal welfare

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (41) ◽  
pp. 1103-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Asher ◽  
Lisa M. Collins ◽  
Angel Ortiz-Pelaez ◽  
Julian A. Drewe ◽  
Christine J. Nicol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Abnormal Behaviour ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Agent Based Modelling ◽  
Potential Applications

While the incorporation of mathematical and engineering methods has greatly advanced in other areas of the life sciences, they have been under-utilized in the field of animal welfare. Exceptions are beginning to emerge and share a common motivation to quantify ‘hidden’ aspects in the structure of the behaviour of an individual, or group of animals. Such analyses have the potential to quantify behavioural markers of pain and stress and quantify abnormal behaviour objectively. This review seeks to explore the scope of such analytical methods as behavioural indicators of welfare. We outline four classes of analyses that can be used to quantify aspects of behavioural organization. The underlying principles, possible applications and limitations are described for: fractal analysis, temporal methods, social network analysis, and agent-based modelling and simulation. We hope to encourage further application of analyses of behavioural organization by highlighting potential applications in the assessment of animal welfare, and increasing awareness of the scope for the development of new mathematical methods in this area.

Genome Editing with CRISPR

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Nicanor Pier Giorgio Austriaco ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Kitchen Table ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Do It Yourself

There has been much discussion regarding the proper use of the powerful CRISPR technologies that can be used to edit the genome. CRISPR is a technique borrowed from bacterial cells that will allow scientists to quickly and precisely change the DNA of nearly any organism, including humans. Unlike other gene-editing technologies, CRISPR is cheap, quick, and easy to use. In fact, do-it-yourself CRISPR genome editing kits are available online for less than $200, which will enable anyone, including so-called biohackers, to do genetic engineering at the kitchen table. In only three years—CRISPR as a genome-editing tool was first described in 2012—it is already universally acknowledged that this technology will revolutionize the life sciences. But CRISPR’s great promise has also sparked a great ethical and societal debate on its legitimate uses, most significantly on whether it should be used to alter the genomes of our children and grandchildren.

scholarly journals Genome Editing Animals and the Promise of Control in a (Post-) Anthropocentric World

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-25
Author(s):  
Rosine Kelz
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Ecosystem Management ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
The Public ◽  
Microbiological Research

Gene editing tools are ‘revolutionizing’ microbiological research. Much of the public debate focuses on the possibility of human germ line applications. The use of genome editing to alter non-human animals, however, will have more immediate impacts on our daily lives. Genome edited animals are used for basic biological and biomedical research and could soon play a role in the livestock industry and ecosystem management. Genome editing thus provides an occasion to rethink societal narratives about the relationships between humans and other animals. Even though the technique can be easily incorporated as an example into a conventional storyline about the development of the modern life sciences as striving for control over nature, it can also help to highlight the anthropocentric biases expressed in these narratives and demonstrate the continuities between humans and other animals.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document