scholarly journals Regional Differences and Influencing Factors of Allocation Efficiency of Rural Public Health Resources in China

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 270
Author(s):  
Tao Liu ◽  
Jixia Li ◽  
Juan Chen ◽  
Shaolei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Gini Index ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Theil Index ◽  
Allocation Efficiency ◽  
Index Model ◽  
Rural Public Health ◽  
The Impact

In the face of increasingly growing health demands and the impact of various public health emergencies, it is of great significance to study the regional differences in the allocation efficiency of the rural public health resources and its improvement mechanism. In this paper, the game competition relationship is included in the evaluation model, and the game cross-efficiency model is used to measure the allocation efficiency of the rural public health resources in 31 provinces of China from 2008 to 2017. Then, the Theil index model and the Gini index model are applied in exploring the regional differences in the allocation efficiency of rural public health resources and its sources. Finally, the bootstrap truncated regression model is used to analyze the influencing factors of the allocation efficiency of the rural public health resources in China. The results show that, first, the total allocation efficiency level of the rural public health resources in China from 2008 to 2017 is relatively low, and it presents a U-shaped trend, first falling and then rising. Second, the changing trend of the allocation efficiency of the rural public health resources in the eastern, central, and western regions of China is similar to that in the nationwide region, and it shows a gradient trend that “the allocation efficiency in the eastern region is high, the allocation efficiency in the western region is low, and the allocation efficiency in the Central region is at the medium level”. However, the gap among the three regions is continually narrowing. Third, the calculation results of the Theil index and the Gini index show that intra-regional differences are the major source of the regional differences in the allocation efficiency of the rural public health resources in China, and the inter-regional differences demonstrate an expansion trend. Finally, the improvement of the education level and the social support level will generally improve the allocation efficiency of the rural public health resources in China and its three regions. The increased governmental financial support and urbanization level will reduce the allocation efficiency of the rural public health resources in China and its three regions. The economic development level, the living conditions and the population density are the important influencing factors of the allocation efficiency differences of the rural public health resources in the three regions. Therefore, on the basis of ensuring the increase of the total supply of the rural public health resources, more attention should be paid to the improvement of the allocation efficiency. Moreover, on the basis of continually narrowing the inter-regional differences among the eastern, central, and western regions, more attention should be paid to the intra-regional differences of the allocation efficiency of the rural public health resources among the different provinces. The various economic and social policies should be constantly optimized to jointly improve the allocation efficiency of the rural public health resources.

scholarly journals A tale of two parts of Switzerland: regional differences in the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on parents

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Seiler ◽  
Georg Staubli ◽  
Julia Hoeffe ◽  
Gianluca Gualco ◽  
Sergio Manzano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Pediatric Emergency ◽  
The South ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
The North ◽  
Regional Strategies ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background We aimed to document the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on regions within a European country. Methods Parents arriving at two pediatric emergency departments (EDs) in North of Switzerland and two in South of Switzerland completed an online survey during the first peak of the pandemic (April–June 2020). They were asked to rate their concern about their children or themselves having COVID-19. Results A total of 662 respondents completed the survey. Parents in the South were significantly more exposed to someone tested positive for COVID-19 than in the North (13.9 and 4.7%, respectively; P <  0.001). Parents in the South were much more concerned than in the North that they (mean 4.61 and 3.32, respectively; P <  0.001) or their child (mean 4.79 and 3.17, respectively; P <  0.001) had COVID-19. Parents reported their children wore facemasks significantly more often in the South than in the North (71.5 and 23.5%, respectively; P <  0.001). Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in significant regional differences among families arriving at EDs in Switzerland. Public health agencies should consider regional strategies, rather than country-wide guidelines, in future pandemics and for vaccination against COVID-19 for children.

scholarly journals Study on the Spatiotemporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of Urban Resilience in the Yellow River Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10231
Author(s):  
Yu Chen ◽  
Xuyang Su ◽  
Qian Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Yellow River Basin ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
Theil Index ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
The Yellow River Basin ◽  
The Impact

The outbreak of COVID-19 has prompted consideration of the importance of urban resilience. Based on a multidimensional perspective, the authors of this paper established a comprehensive evaluation indicator system for evaluating urban resilience in the Yellow River basin (YRB), and various methods such as the entropy value method, Theil index, exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) model, and geographical detector model were used to measure the spatiotemporal characteristics and influencing factors of urban resilience in the YRB from 2011 to 2018. The results are as follows. (1) From 2011 to 2018, the urban resilience index (URI) of the YRB showed a “V”-shaped dynamic evolution in the time series, and the URI increased by 13.4% overall. The resilience of each subsystem showed the following hierarchical structure: economic resilience > social resilience > ecological resilience > infrastructure resilience. (2) The URI of the three major regions—upstream, midstream, and downstream—increased, and the resilience of each subsystem in the region showed obvious regional characteristics. The comprehensive difference in URI values within the basin was found to be shrinking, and intraregional differences have contributed most to the comprehensive difference. (3) There were obvious zonal differences in the URI from 2011 to 2018. Shandong Peninsula and Hohhot–Baotou–Ordos showed a “High–High” agglomeration, while the southern and southwestern regions showed a “Low–Low” agglomeration. (4) Among the humanist and social factors, economic, fiscal, market, urbanization, openness, and innovation were found to be the factors that exert a high impact on the URI, while the impacts of natural factors were found to be low. The impact of the interaction of each factor is greater than that of a single factor.

scholarly journals SEBUAH ALTERNATIF: INDEKS STUNTING SEBAGAI EVALUASI KEBIJAKAN INTERVENSI BALITA STUNTING DI INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Zenderi Wardani ◽  
Dadang Sukandar ◽  
Yayuk Farida Baliwati ◽  
Hadi Riyadi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Index Model ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Evaluation Measure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Children Under 5 ◽  
Dimension Index

The proportion of stunting above 20 percent indicates that there are still public health problems in Indonesia. The impact of stunting not only affects the stature but also affects the economic productivity of a country. The purpose of this study was to develop index models that are responsive stunting in children under-5 years in Indonesia. Development of the index model used mathematical formulations using the SDGs indicator and other relevant indicators. Aggregate data from 16-time series were selected from 34 provinces in Indonesia in the span of 4 years (2015 - 2018). Furthermore, the method of developing a stunting index in this study was carried out through the stages of standardization, weighting, aggregation and validation. The results showed that the stunting index model is an evaluation measure that is responsive to stunting interventions in infants (0-56 months) in Indonesia. The national stunting index from 2015 to 2018 increased although it was still in the medium category with index values of 69.77, 70.29, 70.30 and 72.74, respectively. This study recommended an increase in efforts to achieve dimension index values in the development pillars of environmental and economical, especially in the eastern regions of Indonesia and the divided provinces.ABSTRAK Proporsi stunting lebih dari 20 persen menunjukkan bahwa masih terdapat masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia. Dampak stunting tidak hanya mempengaruhi perawakan tetapi juga mempengaruhi produktifitas ekonomi suatu negara. Sebuah model sederhana dan responsif dalam bentuk indeks stunting dapat menjadi bagian dari pilar rencana aksi intervensi stunting tersebut di atas. Model indeks stunting pun diharapkan dapat membantu pengambil keputusan (decision maker) menyusun formulasi, implementasi dan evaluasi kebijakan dalam penanggulangan stunting untuk masa yang akan datang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan model indeks stunting responsif pada anak balita di Indonesia. Pengembangan model indeks menggunakan formulasi matematis dengan menggunakan indikator Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) dan indikator terkait lainnya. Data agregat dari 16 time series dipilih dari 34 provinsi di Indonesia dalam kurun waktu 4 tahun (2015 - 2018). Selanjutnya metode pengembangan indeks stunting pada penelitian ini dilakukan melalui tahapan standardisasi, pembobotan, agregasi dan validasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model indeks stunting pada penilitian ini merupakan ukuran evaluasi yang tanggap terhadap intervensi stunting pada bayi (0-56 bulan) di Indonesia. Indeks stunting nasional dari tahun 2015 sampai 2018 mengalami peningkatan meskipun masih dalam kategori sedang dengan nilai indeks masing-masing 69,77, 70,29, 70,30 dan 72,74. Studi ini merekomendasikan peningkatan upaya pencapaian nilai indeks dimensi pada pilar pembangunan lingkungan dan ekonomi khususnya di wilayah timur Indonesia dan daerah provinsi pemekaran.Kata kunci: Indeks stunting, evaluasi kebijakan, anak balita

The Assessment of Actions of the Environment and the Impact of Preventive Medicine for Public Health in Poland

2021 ◽  
pp. 809-822
Author(s):  
Anna Rosiek
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health System ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Preventive Medicine ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Healthcare Organization ◽  
Medical Environment ◽  
Single Feature ◽  
The Impact

This chapter describes how the actions of the medical environment is aiming to improve the health of society can and must be seen on many levels. The author refers to the organizational, ethical, legal and psychological aspects. Also covered are not only patients' education, but also the scope of functioning healthcare organization, which adapts to the needs of the changing environment e.g. requirements of the patient, the development of technology, advances in medicine. Public health problems appear as complex components of the system and cannot be dealt with by a single, simple intervention, whether perceived by the prism of a single feature or element, but must be perceived as influencing factors in the system e.g. several attributes, factors. These together may potentially be used in the future to generate better health outcomes or the functioning of the entire health system in the areas of health sciences, medicine or public health.

scholarly journals Green Development Efficiency Measurement and Influencing Factors of the Paper Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1286
Author(s):  
Yunbo Xiang ◽  
Shengyun Wang ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Zhijun Dai
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Theil Index ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Gravity Center ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Green Development

The paper industry is a traditional industry with extensive consumption of resources and energy and more pollutant discharge. This industry is closely related to production and life activities. Under the general requirement of “to step up conservation of the Yangtze River and stop its over development,” the paper industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt should urgently undergo green transformation and development. Based on the undesirable slack-based measure model, spatial gravity center, Kernel density function, Theil index, and panel model, this study examines the green development efficiency and its influencing factors of the paper industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2001 to 2016. Results showed the following: (1) from 2001 to 2016, the green development efficiency of the paper industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt had been steadily improved, but the overall efficiency value is not high, which has a great potential for improvement. The green development efficiency of the paper industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt presents the regional differentiation law of gradient increasing in the upper, middle, and lower reaches. (2) According to the gravity center trajectory, the efficiency center of the green development of the paper industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt is located in the middle reaches of Hunan Province and Hubei Province and moves to the southwest. This case indicates that the green development efficiency of the paper industry in provinces and cities in the southwest has been improved. (3) The regional differences in the green development efficiency of the paper industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt show the characteristics of narrowing fluctuations. The regional differences are the primary sources of the difference in the green development efficiency of the paper industry. (4) The enterprise scale, science and technology investment, and industrial structure have significant positive effects on the green development efficiency of the paper industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. On the contrary, environmental regulation and foreign investment intensity have significant negative effects. However, the above factors have different effects on the green development efficiency of the paper industry in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

scholarly journals New recommended policies for pathogen surveillance testing of researchers and improved stewardship of diagnostic DNA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Robinson-McCarthy ◽  
Alexander J. Mijalis ◽  
Gabriel T Filsinger ◽  
Helena de Puig ◽  
Nina M. Donghia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Health Strategy ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The Impact

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has brought about the unprecedented expansion of highly sensitive molecular diagnostics as a primary infection control strategy. At the same time, many laboratories have shifted focus to SARS-CoV-2 research and diagnostic development, leading to large-scale production of nucleic acids that can interfere with these tests. We have identified multiple instances, in independent laboratories, in which nucleic acids generated in research settings are suspected to have caused researchers to test positive for SARS-CoV-2 in surveillance testing. In some cases, the affected individuals did not work directly with these nucleic acids, but were exposed via a contaminated surface or object. Though researchers have long been vigilant of DNA contaminants, the transfer of these contaminants in SARS-CoV-2 testing samples results in anomalous test results. The impact of these stretches into the public sphere, placing additional burdens on public health resources, placing affected researchers and their contacts in quarantine, and carrying the potential to trigger shutdowns of classrooms and workplaces. We report our observations as a call for increased stewardship over nucleic acids with the potential to impact both use and development of diagnostics. These experiences highlight a neglected aspect of the test, trace, isolate public health strategy for managing COVID-19: we cannot easily identify and diagnose an erroneous test result. To prevent undue personal and economic strain and maintain faith in the testing process, we propose: a test, isolate, verify, and trace approach to COVID-19 diagnosis in research and clinical diagnostic workplaces.

Technological Innovation, Regional Heterogeneity and Marine Economic Development — Analysis of Empirical Data Based on China’s Coastal Provinces and Cities

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 437-451
Author(s):  
Dongling Zhang ◽  
Weili Fan ◽  
Jingshuai Chen
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Theil Index ◽  
Regional Heterogeneity ◽  
Marine Economy ◽  
Production Value ◽  
Development Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In order to analyze the impact of technological innovation and regional differences in marine economy on the development of marine economy, the paper uses the regional panel data of China’s total marine production value from 2006 to 2015, and uses the Theil index to measure regional differences in the marine economy based on the logarithm of the Cobb-Douglas production function. Finally, the paper establishes a random effect panel data model for empirical analysis. The research indicates that the regional differences in the marine economy show a narrowing trend, which promotes or inhibits the development of the marine economy; The extent of the impact of regional differences in the marine economy on the development of the marine economy is inconsistent; Scientific and technological innovation in various regions has promoted the development of marine economy.

scholarly journals Regional Inequality and Influencing Factors of Primary PM Emissions in the Yangtze River Delta, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibin Xia ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Guangxing Ji
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Theil Index ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
The Yrd ◽  
The Yangtze River Delta

In recent years, haze pollution has become more and more serious in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD). However, the impact mechanism of socio-economic factors on primary particulate matter (PM) emissions remains unclear. Based on the provincial primary PM emission data in the YRD from 1995 to 2014, this paper used Slope, Theil index, and Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology (STIAPAT) models to quantitatively identify the regional differences of primary PM emissions and explore the key influencing factors. The results showed that primary fine particulate matter (PM2.5), inhalable particulate (PM10), and total suspended particulate (TSP) emissions all featured an upward trend of fluctuation over the study period. The regional differences in primary TSP emissions in the YRD region was gradually shrinking and the regional differences of primary PM2.5 and PM10 emissions presented a rising trend of fluctuation. The estimated coefficient of population size, energy structure, and fixed assets investment (FAI) were all significantly positive at the level of 1%. The negative effect of economic growth on energy PM emissions was significant under the level of 1%. The increase of foreign direct investment (FDI) had different effects on primary PM2.5, PM10, and TSP emissions. In addition, the influence of energy intensity on primary PM emission from energy consumption are mainly negative but not significant even under the level of 10%. These conclusions have guiding significance for the formulation of PM emission reduction policy without affecting YRD’s economic development.

scholarly journals Allocation Efficiency, Influencing Factors and Optimization Path of Rural Land Resources: A Case Study in Fang County of Hubei Province, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5898
Author(s):  
Bin Yang ◽  
Zhanqi Wang ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Di Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Physical Geography ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Rural Land ◽  
Allocation Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

Land resource allocation efficiency (LRAE) is a significant indicator in weighing regional socioeconomic development. The study of LRAE can provide useful references for optimizing the layout of rural land use and conducting village planning against the background of rural revitalization strategy. Taking Fang County of Hubei Province as an example, we constructed an efficiency measurement index system based on economic, social, and ecological objectives. The slack-based measure with undesirable output (SBM-Undesirable) model and geodetector model were used to evaluate the rural LRAE, influencing factors and optimization paths from 2011 to 2017. The results suggest that: (1) the rural LRAE in Fang County shows a steady upward trend, with an average increasing rate of 9.204%. The townships in the north and south of the study area have a low LRAE value, and townships in the central area have a high LRAE value. The number of villages at low or medium-low LRAE is decreasing, and the number of villages with medium-high or high LRAE continued to increase from 2011 to 2017. (2) The spatial variation in LRAE in Fang County is affected by physical geography conditions, rural development conditions, and urban-rural relations. The impact of the proportion of primary industry and rural population has always been influential on the LRAE. Physical geography conditions have a relatively strong impact on the LRAE, but their values are decreasing. The influences of the Engel coefficient, urbanization rate and gap between the rural and urban resident’s income have been continuously enhanced. (3) All land types have obvious input redundancies, and reducing these redundancies can help achieve the optimal allocation of rural land resources. In the future, it is of significance to prioritize low-carbon and green developments, and to promote sustainable rural development.

scholarly journals Media Subjugating Public Health amidst Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaiswal AK
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Public Welfare ◽  
Personal Gain ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact

Sound health is the penultimate source of one’s sustainable existence. However with the widespread of unparalleled pandemic as COVID-19, the negative impact to the health becomes pervasive. Furthermore growing modernization further enhances the likelihood of health influencing factors. One of such factors is “Media”. This article thus seeks to assess and assimilate the impact of media throughout the beginning and the widespread of coronavirus. Media which could turn out to be effective in regulating public health or at least help controlling the widespread in the long run, turned out to be the medium of spreading its aftermaths. While the pandemic’s ill effects continued to grasp everyone, the media too functioned in ways which were far beyond helping. All the efforts that media put in, were rather directed towards their personal gain of popularity and TRP than public welfare. Thus while COVID-19 functioned primarily at affecting the physical health, media in lots of different ways, functioned to affect the mental health.

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