scholarly journals Allocation Efficiency, Influencing Factors and Optimization Path of Rural Land Resources: A Case Study in Fang County of Hubei Province, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5898
Author(s):  
Bin Yang ◽  
Zhanqi Wang ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Di Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Physical Geography ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Rural Land ◽  
Allocation Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

Land resource allocation efficiency (LRAE) is a significant indicator in weighing regional socioeconomic development. The study of LRAE can provide useful references for optimizing the layout of rural land use and conducting village planning against the background of rural revitalization strategy. Taking Fang County of Hubei Province as an example, we constructed an efficiency measurement index system based on economic, social, and ecological objectives. The slack-based measure with undesirable output (SBM-Undesirable) model and geodetector model were used to evaluate the rural LRAE, influencing factors and optimization paths from 2011 to 2017. The results suggest that: (1) the rural LRAE in Fang County shows a steady upward trend, with an average increasing rate of 9.204%. The townships in the north and south of the study area have a low LRAE value, and townships in the central area have a high LRAE value. The number of villages at low or medium-low LRAE is decreasing, and the number of villages with medium-high or high LRAE continued to increase from 2011 to 2017. (2) The spatial variation in LRAE in Fang County is affected by physical geography conditions, rural development conditions, and urban-rural relations. The impact of the proportion of primary industry and rural population has always been influential on the LRAE. Physical geography conditions have a relatively strong impact on the LRAE, but their values are decreasing. The influences of the Engel coefficient, urbanization rate and gap between the rural and urban resident’s income have been continuously enhanced. (3) All land types have obvious input redundancies, and reducing these redundancies can help achieve the optimal allocation of rural land resources. In the future, it is of significance to prioritize low-carbon and green developments, and to promote sustainable rural development.

scholarly journals The global context of land market liberalization in Ukraine: opportunities and risks for rural development

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-32
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Sidenko ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Land Market ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
The Impact

The article considers various global factors influencing rural development under the conditions of liberalization of the agricultural land market in Ukraine. The author assesses the impact of global processes and global capital on the development of national farms, income distribution, access to land resources, production processes and equitable development in this country. It is proved that globalization, leading to increased concentration of agri-food production and business and expanding the role of large transnationalized corporations, is primarily aimed at exploiting the country’s existing comparative advantages, rather than increasing them, and promotes, in many recipient countries, a model of double economy split in the technological and socio-economic dimensions into qualitatively heterogeneous sectors. The author concludes that although global factors of agricultural production may have a relatively positive impact in macroeconomic terms, the dominance of multinational (transnational) companies, large exporting companies and financially powerful sovereign welfare funds in the market may create risks and threats of crowding out Ukrainian farmers from the market and blocking the sustainable development of rural areas. At the same time, Ukraine's agricultural sector will be transformed into a raw-material link of global food production chains dominated by large transnationalized entities, and a kind of raw-material enclave of transnationalized production will be created within the Ukrainian economy. The article argues that in today's global economy, where cardinal transformations are taking place and uncertainty is growing, land will become an increasingly valuable asset, attractive not only to agricultural producers but also to land speculators and those who try to maintain the value of their assets under the conditions of growing global risks. Under such conditions, investment in land will not at all necessarily contribute to the development of agricultural production, because speculative capital in the face of widespread expectations of a long and significant upward trend in land prices will prevail over productive agricultural capital. In general, this might lead to a significant increase in the cost of agricultural production and food prices. The author proves that the liberalization of the land market leads to increased risks of transfer of the control over Ukraine’s land resources to foreigners (sovereign financial funds and major international corporations), given their dramatic advantage by available financial resources for land acquisition, compared to those possessed by Ukraine’s residents. The article substantiates a set of policy measures and national policy instruments necessary to minimize the risks associated with the introduction (in the context of globalization) of free purchase and sale of agricultural land, which comply with the regulation principles of the European Union.

scholarly journals Optimization of County-Level Land Resource Allocation through the Improvement of Allocation Efficiency from the Perspective of Sustainable Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijing Tang ◽  
Dongyan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
County Level ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Allocation Efficiency ◽  
Land Protection ◽  
Administrative Units

Land resources provide stable support for economic development in China. However, due to the scarcity of land, the contradiction between agricultural land protection and construction land expansion is prominent. Under such circumstances, optimal allocation of land resources between agricultural and nonagricultural uses is vitally important. In view of the fact that land resources are indispensable inputs for production activities in agricultural and nonagricultural sectors, reducing the efficiency loss of land resource allocation between agricultural and nonagricultural uses is the only way to optimize the process. Counties are the basic administrative units in China, and their improvement of allocation efficiency will help optimize nationwide land resource allocation. This paper constructs models for estimating county-level land resource allocation efficiency from the perspective of sustainable development and searches for countermeasures to improve allocation efficiency. W County is used as an example to demonstrate how to choose these targeted countermeasures. It is concluded that the best way to optimize county-level land resource allocation between agricultural and nonagricultural uses can be found by estimating allocation efficiency from the perspective of sustainable development.

scholarly journals Understanding the Impact of Land Resource Misallocation on Carbon Emissions in China

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1188
Author(s):  
Aihui Ma ◽  
Yaya He ◽  
Peng Tang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Coordination Mechanism ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Resource Misallocation ◽  
The Impact

In order to achieve growth in fiscal revenue and the regional economy under the Chinese decentralization system, the land resources misallocation (LRM) among different industries was promoted through the differentiated land supply strategy, which has a vital role in carbon emissions. This study theoretically analyzes the overall effect and the effect of the intermediate LRM mechanism on carbon emissions and empirically tests the impact of LRM on carbon emissions based on panel data collected from 30 provinces in China from 2005 to 2017 using the environmental Kuznets curve theory. The results show that (1) the local governments have monopolized the primary land market across the nation, leading to resource misallocation among industrial, commercial, and residential land. This inefficient and unsustainable allocation aggravated the release of carbon emissions. (2) The impact of LRM on carbon emissions has varied among different regions. LRM in the eastern and central regions significantly exacerbated carbon emissions. A greater impact on carbon emissions occurred in the eastern region, while the impact was insignificant in the western region. (3) There are two mechanisms through which LRM affects carbon emissions. One is the restraint of upgrading industrial structure, and the other is the restriction of technological innovations. In conclusion, speeding up the reform of the tax sharing system is suggested to reduce the excessive dependence of local governments on land resources. Meanwhile, in order to reduce carbon emissions, the land acquisition and transfer system should be reformed to gradually achieve the market-oriented allocation of land resources, and the benefits coordination mechanism of different land transfer modes should be established. Finally, we propose different carbon emission reduction policies for the heterogeneity of regional economic development.

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Differentiation and Driving Mechanism of the “Resource Curse” of the Cultivated Land in Main Agricultural Production Regions: A Case Study of Jianghan Plain, Central China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 858
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Zhu ◽  
Xiaoqi Zhou ◽  
Yilin Gan ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Ruilin Yu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
Central China ◽  
Driving Mechanism ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Jianghan Plain

Cultivated land resources are an important component of natural resources and significant in stabilizing economic and social order and ensuring national food security. Although the research on resource curse has progressed considerably, only a few studies have explored the existence and influencing factors of the resource curse of non-traditional mineral resources. The current study introduced resource curse theory to the cultivated land resources research and directly investigated the county-level relationship between cultivated land resource abundance and economic development. Meanwhile, the spatiotemporal dynamic pattern and driving factors of the cultivated land curse were evaluated on the cultivated land curse coefficient in China’s Jianghan Plain from 2001 to 2017. The results indicated that the curse coefficient of cultivated land resources in Jianghan Plain generally shows a downward trend. That is, the curse phenomenon of the cultivated land resources in large regions did not improve significantly in 2001–2017. The influencing factors of the cultivated land resource curse in different cursed degree areas varied and the spatial interaction of the cursed degree areas differed as well. This study proposed a transmission mechanism of the cultivated land resource curse in Jianghan Plain. Policies from throughout the entire and within the main agricultural producing areas were proposed to adjust the cultivated land resource curse. The results and conclusions of this study will be beneficial in improving future land-use policies in major agricultural areas and reducing lag in economic development caused by the strict protection of cultivated land resources.

scholarly journals Regional Differences and Influencing Factors of Allocation Efficiency of Rural Public Health Resources in China

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 270
Author(s):  
Tao Liu ◽  
Jixia Li ◽  
Juan Chen ◽  
Shaolei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Gini Index ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Theil Index ◽  
Allocation Efficiency ◽  
Index Model ◽  
Rural Public Health ◽  
The Impact

In the face of increasingly growing health demands and the impact of various public health emergencies, it is of great significance to study the regional differences in the allocation efficiency of the rural public health resources and its improvement mechanism. In this paper, the game competition relationship is included in the evaluation model, and the game cross-efficiency model is used to measure the allocation efficiency of the rural public health resources in 31 provinces of China from 2008 to 2017. Then, the Theil index model and the Gini index model are applied in exploring the regional differences in the allocation efficiency of rural public health resources and its sources. Finally, the bootstrap truncated regression model is used to analyze the influencing factors of the allocation efficiency of the rural public health resources in China. The results show that, first, the total allocation efficiency level of the rural public health resources in China from 2008 to 2017 is relatively low, and it presents a U-shaped trend, first falling and then rising. Second, the changing trend of the allocation efficiency of the rural public health resources in the eastern, central, and western regions of China is similar to that in the nationwide region, and it shows a gradient trend that “the allocation efficiency in the eastern region is high, the allocation efficiency in the western region is low, and the allocation efficiency in the Central region is at the medium level”. However, the gap among the three regions is continually narrowing. Third, the calculation results of the Theil index and the Gini index show that intra-regional differences are the major source of the regional differences in the allocation efficiency of the rural public health resources in China, and the inter-regional differences demonstrate an expansion trend. Finally, the improvement of the education level and the social support level will generally improve the allocation efficiency of the rural public health resources in China and its three regions. The increased governmental financial support and urbanization level will reduce the allocation efficiency of the rural public health resources in China and its three regions. The economic development level, the living conditions and the population density are the important influencing factors of the allocation efficiency differences of the rural public health resources in the three regions. Therefore, on the basis of ensuring the increase of the total supply of the rural public health resources, more attention should be paid to the improvement of the allocation efficiency. Moreover, on the basis of continually narrowing the inter-regional differences among the eastern, central, and western regions, more attention should be paid to the intra-regional differences of the allocation efficiency of the rural public health resources among the different provinces. The various economic and social policies should be constantly optimized to jointly improve the allocation efficiency of the rural public health resources.

scholarly journals Sustainable management of hill land

1993 ◽  
pp. 171-176
Author(s):  
A.D. Mackay ◽  
M.E. Wedderburn ◽  
M.G. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Biophysical Indicators ◽  
The Impact

One of the major environmental issues currently facing New Zealand is that of the sustainability of pastoral farming on North Island hill country. To be sustainable, a system must be resource conserving, environmentally compatible, socially supportive and commer-cially competitive. The Resource Management Act defines sustainable management as managing the use, development and protection of natural and physical resources in a way, or at a rate, which enables people and community to meet their needs without unduly compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. Evidence shows that at present this is not so for some hill country, for reasons of on-site land degradation and soil loss, and off-site sediment loading. Socioeconomic sustainability is also in doubt through deterioration in rural infrastructure and social services and steadily decreasing average returns for produce. In the long term there is no conflict between environmental and economic sustainability. The major conflict arises in the short term when the environmental needs of the community can conflict severely with the economic survival of the individual land holder. Adoption of sustainable management will require a much greater understanding of the dynamic interaction between land resources and land use practices and improved matching of land uses with inherent soil and climatic properties. A quantitative understanding of the relationship between biophysical stability of our land resources and their productive capability is required. This paper attempts to: (i) examine how biophysical indicators could be used to quantify the impact of current land use on the productive capability of our hill land resource, and in so doing identify several critical issues facing hill country farmers, and (ii) discuss some of the possible solutions to what we see are currently unsustainable farming practices. It is our contention that the adoption of sustainable management practices will ensure the long-term viability of this sector of the pasture industry and not, as many suggest, its demise. Keywords: biophysical indicators, hill land, offsite effects, on-site effects, sustainability

When Do Psychopathic Traits Affect Cooperative Behavior?: An Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma Experimental Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Testori ◽  
M Kempf ◽  
RB Hoyle ◽  
Hedwig Eisenbarth
Keyword(s):  
Prisoner's Dilemma ◽  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
Prisoner’S Dilemma ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Iterated Prisoner’S Dilemma

© 2019 Hogrefe Publishing. Personality traits have been long recognized to have a strong impact on human decision-making. In this study, a sample of 314 participants took part in an online game to investigate the impact of psychopathic traits on cooperative behavior in an iterated Prisoner's dilemma game. We found that disinhibition decreased the maintenance of cooperation in successive plays, but had no effect on moving toward cooperation after a previous defection or on the overall level of cooperation over rounds. Furthermore, our results underline the crucial importance of a good model selection procedure, showing how a poor choice of statistical model can provide misleading results.

Impact and Challenges of Centres for Education and Community Action in Cameroon’s North West Region

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-74
Author(s):  
Fonteh Athanasius Amungwa
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Community Education ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Community Action ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
North West ◽  
West Region ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the impact of community education and challenges facing Centres for Education and Community Action as a rural development strategy in Cameroon. The study was conducted in the North-West Region of Cameroon, employing field observations, semi-structured interviews with key informants using a convenient sampling technique and through elaborate review of documents. These research instruments were blended into what is termed triangulation and the data collected was analysed descriptively. The main focus of qualitative analysis is to understand the ways in which people act and the accounts that people give for their actions. This paper posits that extreme dependence on the provision of Western formal education cannot solve the problems of a rapidly changing society like Cameroon, which is facing a long-term economic crisis and persistent unemployment issues of graduates. Consequently, education should be redefined in the context of the prevailing economic crisis to make it responsive to the aspirations of rural communities. Findings showed that community education had contributed towards rural development immensely but has suffered many challenges due to neglect of the field in the policy agenda. This paper recommends the integration of community education with formal education to facilitate group and community betterment in particular and rural transformation in general.

THE MODEL FOR MANAGING INVESTMENTS IN THE MOSCOW ENVIRONMENT BASED ON A POWER REGRESSION EQUATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
E. V. KOSTYRIN ◽  
◽  
M. S. SINODSKAYA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Pair Correlation ◽  
Approximation Error ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Average Approximation ◽  
Average Approximation Error

The article analyzes the impact of certain factors on the volume of investments in the environment. Regression equations describing the relationship between the volume of investment in the environment and each of the influencing factors are constructed, the coefficients of the Pearson pair correlation between the dependent variable and the influencing factors, as well as pairwise between the influencing factors, are calculated. The average approximation error for each regression equation is determined. A correlation matrix is constructed and a conclusion is made. The developed econometric model is implemented in the program of separate collection of municipal solid waste (MSW) in Moscow. The efficiency of the model of investment management in the environment is evaluated on the example of the growth of planned investments in the activities of companies specializing in the export and processing of solid waste.

The Impact of Economic Crisis on Tourism Industry: A Bangladesh Perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Ziaul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Tourism Product ◽  
International Tourist ◽  
Sustained Recovery ◽  
The Impact

The tourism sector is experiencing numerous challenges as a result of the global economic crisis. After a significant contraction in 2009, tourism rebounded strongly  in  2010  and  in  2011  the  international  tourist  arrivals  and  receipts  are projected to increase substantially. The Tourism industry is expected to show a sustained recovery in 2012. The crisis has particularly strong impact and slightly negative consequences in Bangladesh. The country is undergoing a political crisis, as well, and it seems that the forthcoming elections may be the only solution for the restoration of stability and social peace.  In addition, tourism can be the driving force behind Bangladesh economic recovery. However, for its achievement the country’s policy makers should take several measures towards restructuring and improving the sector. These measures include: enhancement of alternative forms of tourism; environmental protection; creation of quality infrastructure; and boost of competitiveness through a tourism product that offers value for money

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