Gender, Socioeconomic, and Health Characteristics Associated with Influenza Vaccination Coverage (VC) among Italian Healthcare Workers: Secondary Analysis of a National Cross-Sectional Survey

Influenza epidemics pose a great overload over health-care facilities with an increase in the burden of disease for patients and healthcare costs. Despite a well-established amount of research in the area, vaccination rates show room for improvement and more research is needed in finding systematic interventions useful in improving healthcare workers (HCWs) vaccination coverage (VC). The purpose of this study was to describe the self-reported frequency of influenza immunization in HCWs and to identify demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, and health factors associated with this practice in Italy. Data about 5823 workers participating in the Italian national survey about health and healthcare services utilization are analyzed in the present study. Overall, 18.8% of HCWs reported being vaccinated against seasonal flu. In the multilevel regression, older workers had a higher likelihood of vaccine uptake (OR: 6.07; 95% CI 4.72–7.79), similar to those with chronic conditions or poor self-perceived health status (OR: 2.18 95% CI 1.17–4.09). On the other hand, the results highlighted a lower rate of VC in female HCWs (OR: 0.73 95% CI 0.61–0.86). Data confirm the low compliance towards flu immunization among Italian HCWs and highlight an important gap to be investigated in women.

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Influenza Vaccination Coverage of Healthcare Workers in Nursing Homes in France and Related Determinants, 2018- 2019 Season: A Cross-Sectional Survey

10.21203/rs.3.rs-934635/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sophie Vaux ◽

Laure Fonteneau ◽

Anne-Gaëlle Venier ◽

Arnaud Gautier ◽

Sophan Soing Altrach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nursing Home ◽

Nursing Homes ◽

Influenza Vaccination ◽

Vaccination Coverage ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Negative Binomial ◽

Nursing Assistants ◽

Influenza Vaccines ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background The burden of influenza morbidity and mortality in nursing homes (NH) is high. Vaccination of residents and healthcare workers (HCW) is the main prevention strategy. Despite recommendations, HCW vaccination coverage is generally low. Methods We performed a nationwide cross-sectional survey of NH using a single-stage stratified random sampling design to estimate influenza vaccination coverage in nursing home HCW in France during the 2019-2020 season, and to identify measures likely to increase it. A multivariate analysis was performed using a negative binomial regression. Results Overall influenza vaccination coverage in HCW was 31.9% (95% CI [29.7-34.1]). It varied according to occupational category: 75.5% [69.3-81.7] for physicians, 42.9% [39.4-46.4] for nurses, 26.7% [24.5-29.0] for nursing assistants, and 34.0% [30.1-38.0] for other paramedical personnel. When considering all professionals (i.e., HCW and non-medical professionals), overall vaccination coverage was 30.6% [28.2-33.0]. Vaccination coverage was higher in private nursing homes, in i) small nursing homes, ii) when vaccination was offered free of charge (RRa: 1.4, [1.1-1.8]), iii) when vaccination promotion for professionals included individual (RRa: 1.6 [1.1-2.1]) or collective (RRa: 1.3 [1.1-1.5]) information sessions, videos or games (RRa: 1.4 [1.2-1.6], iv) when information on influenza vaccines was provided (RRa: 1.2 [1.0-1.3], and finally, vi) when a vaccination point of contact - defined as an HCW who could provide reliable information on vaccination - was nominated within the nursing home (RRa: 1.7 [1.3-2.2]). Conclusions Urgent and innovative actions are required to increase coverage in HCW. Vaccination programmes should include free vaccination and education campaigns, and particularly target nursing assistants. The results of this nationwide study provide keys for improving influenza vaccination coverage in HCW. Programmes should ensure that information on influenza vaccines is provided by a vaccination point of contact in NH using attractive media. Combining the different prevention measures proposed could increase coverage in NH nationwide by over 50%.

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Influenza Vaccination Hesitancy among Healthcare Workers in South Al Batinah Governorate in Oman: A Cross-Sectional Study

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines8040661 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 661

Author(s):

Salah T. Al Awaidy ◽

Zayid K. Al Mayahi ◽

Malak Kaddoura ◽

Ozayr Mahomed ◽

Nathalie Lahoud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza Vaccine ◽

Influenza Vaccination ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Seasonal Influenza ◽

General Medicine ◽

Knowledge Score ◽

Vaccine Uptake ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk

Background: Seasonal influenza infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are an important target group for vaccination against influenza due to their increased risk of infection and their potential to transmit the infection to their patients, families and communities. The aim of this study was to assess the potential hesitancy and its associated factors towards influenza vaccination amongst HCWs in the South Al Batinah governorate in Oman. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 390 HCWs with direct or indirect patient contact was conducted in May and June 2019 using a self-administered questionnaire. Associations between HCW characteristics and vaccination status were examined using bivariate and multivariate analyses to identify the likelihood of vaccination against seasonal influenza among HCWs. Results: Overall, 60% of HCWs were vaccinated in the 2018/2019 season; vaccine uptake among nurses was 52% and uptake was higher among women. Self-protection and protection of the community were the most cited reasons for vaccine acceptance, with side effects being the main reason for hesitancy. Vaccinated respondents had a higher mean knowledge score (7.18; standard deviation SD: 2.14) than unvaccinated respondents (6.30; SD: 2.2). Odds of vaccination were highest among respondents who believed influenza vaccine should be mandatory for HCWs (Odds ratio (OR): 2.04 [1.30–3.18]), those working in the general medicine, emergency medicine, or intensive care units (OR: 1.92 [1.20–3.10]), nurses and doctors (OR: 1.75 [1.09–2.79]) and those who believe that HCWs should receive an influenza vaccine (OR: 1.35 [1.07–2.77]). Conclusions: The study provides valuable insights into the enablers and barriers of influenza vaccination practices among HCWs and may inform interventions to increase acceptance of vaccination.

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Exploring Influenza Vaccine Uptake and Its Determinants among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines8010052 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 52 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yukako Kawahara ◽

Hiroshi Nishiura

Keyword(s):

Confidence Interval ◽

University Students ◽

Vaccination Coverage ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vaccine Uptake ◽

Entrance Examination ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Susceptible Host ◽

Influenza Activity

While vaccination is the only established option to prevent a susceptible host from influenza, we have yet to clarify the decision-making mechanisms of vaccine uptake among Japanese university and college students. We aimed to explore vaccination coverage and the related demographic, sociocultural, and socioeconomic factors among university students. We performed a cross-sectional survey involving 604 students at Hokkaido University. Participants were asked if they received influenza vaccination in advance of the 2018/19 season, and subsequently, their demographic and sociocultural/socioeconomic characteristics were surveyed. We also explored the mechanisms underlying students’ vaccination decisions. Vaccination coverage was estimated at 27.3% (95% confidence interval: 23.7–30.9). Freshmen (p < 0.0001) were significantly associated with choosing vaccination, and their odds ratio of vaccination was 11.3 (95% confidence interval: 6.2–20.7) times greater than students in other years. Among students other than freshmen, students belonging to medicine- and healthcare-related faculties were vaccinated three times more frequently than other students, and the coverage in students from Hokkaido was twice as large as that for students from other prefectures. Moreover, extracurricular activity was a positive predictor of vaccination. Although the coverage was as small as 27.3% among university students, freshmen in Japan have high vaccination coverage, which we believe is associated with the entrance examination during high influenza activity. In addition to exposing students to proper education regarding their risk self-assessment, consciousness raising via appropriate understanding of influenza and its severity and offering vaccination at university health centers at a reasonable cost may promote vaccine acceptance.

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Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding COVID-19 Among Healthcare Workers in Primary Healthcare Centers in Dubai: A Cross-Sectional Survey, 2020

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2021.617679 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Abdulaziz Hussain Albahri ◽

Shatha Ahmed Alnaqbi ◽

Shahad Ahmed Alnaqbi ◽

Asma Obaid Alshaali ◽

Shaikha Mohammad Shahdoor

Keyword(s):

Healthcare Workers ◽

Primary Source ◽

Healthcare Services ◽

Health Centers ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

Attitude Score ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Primary Health

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to challenge healthcare services worldwide. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are key to the continued effort to overcome the pandemic. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practices of HCWs toward COVID-19 in primary health centers in Dubai.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at four primary health centers in Dubai, including two fever clinics, from July 5th to July 11th, 2020. A self-administered online questionnaire was distributed to nurses and physicians working in these centers, which evaluated their knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding COVID-19 and their associations with the participants' demographic factors. A total score of 80% and above constituted a level of sufficiency in each section. Additionally, Mann-Whitney U test and multivariable logistic regression were used to analyze the variables.Results: A total of 176 HCWs completed the questionnaire, with a 91.2% (176/193) response rate. They were predominantly female (158/176, 90.0%), nurses (128/176, 72.7%), and non-Emiratis (150/176, 85.2%). While official health organizations were the primary source of information for 91.5% (161/176) of participants, only 38.1% (67/176) reported using scientific journals as one of their sources. Overall, 57.4% (101/176) of participants had a sufficient overall level of knowledge. Moreover, knowledge regarding signs, symptoms, and at-risk groups was generally satisfactory. However, knowledge about the virus, testing, transmission, and the isolation of contacts with positive cases was identified correctly by less than two-thirds of the participants. Half of the participants (89/176, 50.6%) expressed their concern about personally acquiring the infection, 112/176 (63.6%) worried about their relatives acquiring it, and 72/176 (40.9%) expressed some hesitancy to take the COVID-19 vaccine once available. Overall, only 58/176 (33.0%) HCWs had a sufficient overall positive attitude score. Nurses, compared to physicians, and non-Emiratis compared to Emiratis' HCWs, had statistically higher mean scores for attitude (U = 2,212, p < 0.01; and U = 1164.5, p < 0.01, respectively). The majority of participants (156/176, 88.6%) reported acceptable infection control practices.Conclusion: Given the gaps identified in the knowledge and attitude, we recommend further training to improve the skills of primary HCWs, with encouragement to practice evidence-based medicine. Additionally, further exploration regarding vaccine hesitancy is warranted.

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2557. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices on Vaccination and Occupational Health Among Healthcare Workers in a Teaching Hospital in Mexico City

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofz360.2235 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. S888-S888

Author(s):

Claudia Lopez-Enriquez ◽

Lucia Martinez-Hernandez ◽

Jose-Juan Donis-hernandez ◽

Margarita Virgen-Cuevas

Keyword(s):

Vaccination Coverage ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Poor Performance ◽

Medical Specialty ◽

Occupational Accidents ◽

Work Place ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Self Administered Questionnaire

Abstract Background Vaccination is one of the most effective ways to prevent the transmission of certain bacterial and viral diseases and it has reduced the associated morbidity and mortality. WHO estimates that all over the world 59 million healthcare workers (HCWs) are exposed every day to multiple occupational hazards. Methods Cross-sectional survey of a sample of HCWs from a hospital in Mexico was conducted through an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire between October 2015 and May 2016. Results Of 930 HCWs 76% completed the questionnaire. Among responders 64% declared knowing the required vaccines. Specialties associated with greater knowledge in vaccines were: Internal medicine (70%) (P = 0.04) and Pediatrics (63%) (P = 0.003); however, only 31% and 34% respectively were vaccinated against influenza. The mean number of years since influenza vaccination was 1.5 ± 1.8 and only 30% workers reported having been vaccinated in the period 2015–2016; 61.2% referred at least one dose against hepatitis B with a mean of 4.4 ± 4.4 years since the application, 15% reported knowing their immune status for hepatits B. In total 65% have been vaccinated against Tdap/td with an average of 3.7 ± 3.9 years from application. The reasons for not getting vaccinated included: Not having access to vaccines in 34%, cost in 8%, fear of adverse events 8%, belief of not require to be vaccinated in 5%. A total of 82.5% HCWs have worked while been sick. Reasons: Sense of duty in 57%, perception of poor performance in 21%, not disappointing colleagues in 13% and not letting down patients in 8%. Better compliance in vaccination coverage was observed among laboratory personnel: OR 2.0 (95% CI 1.0–4.7; P = 0.04) and nursing staff: OR 1.5 (95% CI 1.0–2.3; P = 0.01). There was no difference in compliance by medical specialty (P = 0.5). In total 17% HCWS reported having some occupational accident in the last 10 ± 5 years. Working in the emergency room: OR 1.6 (IC95% 1.0–2.4, P = 0.01); Unit of Intensive Care OR: 1.5 (IC 95% 10–2.3; P = 0.3) and operating room OR: 1.5 (IC95% 09–2.5; P = 0.05) were risk factors for occupational accidents. Conclusion HCWs vaccination coverage and knowledge were poor. Considering the important role of HCWs in preventing diseases, it should be mandatory that all HCWs receive proper advice concerning vaccination at their work place. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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COVID-19: Perceived Infection Risk and Barriers to Uptake of Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna Vaccines Among Community Healthcare Workers

Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities ◽

10.1007/s40615-021-01093-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tolulope B. Famuyiro ◽

Abayomi Ogunwale ◽

Jude des Bordes ◽

Mukaila Raji

Keyword(s):

Risk Perception ◽

Perceived Risk ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Vaccine Development ◽

Vaccine Uptake ◽

Effective Vaccine ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Community Healthcare

Abstract Background The health and economic ramifications of the coronavirus pandemic have prompted the need for a timely and effective vaccine development. While the rollout of the COVID-19 vaccine in record time is being hailed as a scientific feat, skepticism about the safety, side effects, and even its long-term effects remain. Acceptance of the vaccine may therefore be a challenge among healthcare workers (HCWs), whose role is considered a proxy to determining the COVID-19 vaccine uptake response by the general population. Methods In December 2020, prior to the arrival and receipt of the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccine, we conducted a cross-sectional survey to assess the readiness for vaccine uptake among HCWs at three community-based, university-affiliated health centers. Results A total of 205 (82%) respondents out of 250 completed the questionnaire. Fifty-four percent of respondents agreed to receive vaccine once available. Females (odds ratio (OR) =0.22, p=0.014), non-Hispanic Blacks (OR=0.066, p=0.010), and Hispanics (OR=0.11, p=0.037) were less likely to accept the vaccine. Respondents with moderate-risk perception were more likely to accept (OR=2.79, p=0.045) compared to those with low-risk perception while no association was found between high-risk perception and vaccine acceptance (p=0.226). After adjusting for perceived risk, sex, race/ethnicity, and age, acceptance in non-Hispanic Black population remained statistically significant (adjusted OR=0.07, p=0.014), with Hispanic (AOR=0.12, p=0.051) showing a trend. Conclusions Enthusiastic acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine is lacking among surveyed HCWs of certain racial/ethnic groups. Provision of resources and public health interventions targeting underserved, minority populations are necessary to halt opposition to vaccine uptake.

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Stroke and TIA Survivors’ Perceptions of The COVID-19 Vaccine: Cross Sectional Survey

10.21203/rs.3.rs-543899/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Grace Turner ◽

Neil Heron ◽

Jennifer Crow ◽

Eirini Kontou ◽

Sally Hughes

Keyword(s):

Information Needs ◽

Healthcare Services ◽

Vaccine Uptake ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

Free Text ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

Ischaemic Attack ◽

The Uk

Abstract BackgroundPeople who experience a stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) have greater risks of complications from contracting COVID-19. Vaccine uptake in this vulnerable population is important to reduce the burden of COVID-19 on healthcare services and society. To prevent vaccine hesitancy and maximise compliance, we need to better understand individuals’ views on the vaccine. We aimed to explore perspectives of people with stroke/TIA on the COVID-19 vaccine and influences on its uptake.MethodWe conducted a cross-sectional, electronic open survey comprising multiple choice and free text questions. Convenience sampling was used to recruit people who have experienced a stroke and/or TIA, and were residents in the UK or Ireland.ResultsThe survey was completed by 377 stroke/TIA survivors. 87% (328/377) had either received the first vaccine or were booked to have it. The vaccine was declined by 2% (7/377) and 3% (11/377) had been offered the vaccine but not yet taken it up. 8% (30/377) had not been offered the vaccine despite being eligible.Many people expressed concerns around the safety of the vaccine (particularly risk of blood clots and stroke) and some were hesitant to have the second vaccine. Most people had no difficulty accessing the vaccine appointment. Societal and personal benefits were motivations for vaccine uptake. There was uncertainty and lack of information about risk of COVID-19 related complications specifically for people who had a stroke/TIA.ConclusionFor people with stroke and TIA, confidence in the vaccine’s safety is the overriding behavioural influence on vaccine uptake. Despite high uptake of the first vaccine, many have legitimate concerns and information needs that should be addressed. Our findings can be used to identify targets for behaviour change to improve vaccine uptake specific to stroke/TIA patients, in particular, increase trust in the vaccine’s safety (confidence) and improve understanding of the greater risks of complications from contracting COVID-19 (complacency).

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Workplace Violence towards Healthcare Workers: An Italian Cross-Sectional Survey

Nursing Reports ◽

10.3390/nursrep11040072 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 758-764

Author(s):

Nicola Ielapi ◽

Michele Andreucci ◽

Umberto Marcello Bracale ◽

Davide Costa ◽

Egidio Bevacqua ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Patient Care ◽

Workplace Violence ◽

Work Experience ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Healthcare Services ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Continuous Variables ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk

Background. Workplace violence (WPV) is a major healthcare problem with important consequences in healthcare areas and may impact negatively not only healthcare workers but also the quality and safety of patient care. Objectives: This an observational online web-based survey using Google® Modules, specifically aiming to investigate the phenomenon of WPV in Italian healthcare services. Methods. Data collection for this study lasted one month, with the questionnaire available from 1 May 2021 to 31 May 2021. Continuous variables were considered as either mean ± standard deviation (SD) or median and interquartile range (IQR) based on their distribution. Comparison between groups was assessed by unpaired t-test or Mann–Whitney U test according to variable distribution. Categorical variables were analyzed using the chi-squared test. Results. The study population consisted of 203 healthcare workers, represented by nurses (61.6%), medical doctors (16.8%), patient care assistants (4.9%), and others (16.7%). Female gender was associated with a 2.6 times higher risk for the presence of aggression (p = 0.034), and nurse as a job with about 4 times increased risk for the presence of aggression (p = 0.006). The risk for aggression increased by 5% for each year of work experience. Conclusions. WPV is still matter of concern in Italian healthcare services. A strong organizational effort is demanded from healthcare institutions in order prevent internal and external violence in healthcare settings.

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Can we achieve high uptakes of influenza vaccination of healthcare workers in hospitals? A cross-sectional survey of acute NHS trusts in England

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s095026881300112x ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 142 (2) ◽

pp. 438-447 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

M. EDELSTEIN ◽

R. PEBODY

Keyword(s):

Confidence Interval ◽

Influenza Vaccine ◽

Influenza Vaccination ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Intervention Strategies ◽

Vaccine Uptake ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Binomial Regression ◽

Acute Hospitals

SUMMARYIt is unknown which intervention strategies are used or effective to increase influenza vaccine uptake by healthcare workers (HCWs) in acute hospitals in England. We undertook a survey in acute hospitals, described strategies employed from 2008 to 2012 and used multivariable binomial regression to identify those effective. Eighty out of 166 trusts responded and reported 25 strategies. Every intervention showed increased use: peer vaccination from 3·8% to 38·8% (+921%); educational DVDs from 3·8% to 22·5% (+492%); Twitter from 2·5% to 12·5% (+400%) and Facebook from 1·3% to 6·3% (+384%). Peer vaccination increased uptake by 7·3% [95% confidence interval (CI) 1·1–13·6, P = 0·02] overall; educational DVDs by 9·7% overall (95% CI 1·8–17·6, P = 0·02), 11·9% in non-doctor, non-nurse HCWs (95% CI 0·9–22·8, P = 0·03). For doctors, using a champion doctor increased uptake by 17·8% (95% CI 7·6–28·0, P < 0·01). No intervention increased uptake by nurses. Increasing uptake requires multi-intervention strategies targeted at different HCW groups.

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COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Ethiopian healthcare workers

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0261125 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (12) ◽

pp. e0261125

Author(s):

Rihanna Mohammed ◽

Teklehaimanot Mezgebe Nguse ◽

Bruck Messele Habte ◽

Atalay Mulu Fentie ◽

Gebremedhin Beedemariam Gebretekle

Keyword(s):

Healthcare Workers ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Vaccine Safety ◽

Vaccine Uptake ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

International Firms ◽

The Government ◽

Regional Health Authorities

Introduction COVID-19 poses significant health and economic threat prompting international firms to rapidly develop vaccines and secure quick regulatory approval. Although COVID-19 vaccination priority is given for high-risk individuals including healthcare workers (HCWs), the success of the immunization efforts hinges on peoples’ willingness to embrace these vaccines. Objective This study aimed to assess HCWs intention to be vaccinated against COVID-19 and the reasons underlying vaccine hesitancy. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among HCWs in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from March to July 2021. Data were collected from eligible participants from 18 health facilities using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression was performed to explore factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. A p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 614 HCWs participated in the study, with a mean age of 30.57±6.87 years. Nearly two-thirds (60.3%) of HCWs were hesitant to use the COVID-19 vaccine. Participants under the age of 30 years were approximately five times more likely to be hesitant to be vaccinated compared to those over the age of 40 years. HCWs other than medical doctors and/or nurses (AOR = 2.1; 95%CI; 1.1, 3.8) were more likely to be hesitant for COVID-19 vaccine. Lack of believe in COVID-19 vaccine benefits (AOR = 2.5; 95%CI; 1.3, 4.6), lack of trust in the government (AOR = 1.9; 95%CI; 1.3, 3.1), lack of trust science to produce safe and effective vaccines (AOR = 2.6; 95%CI; 1.6, 4.2); and concern about vaccine safety (AOR = 3.2; 95%CI; 1.9, 5.4) were also found to be predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Conclusion COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy showed to be high among HCWs. All concerned bodies including the ministry, regional health authorities, health institutions, and HCWs themselves should work together to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake and overcome the pandemic.

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