scholarly journals The Protection of Building Materials of Historical Monuments with Nanoparticle Suspensions

Heritage ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 3970-3986
Author(s):  
Efstathia I. Pavlakou ◽  
Anastasios G. Agrafiotis ◽  
Theokleiti G. Tsolaki ◽  
Christine Lemonia ◽  
Emily Zouvani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Amorphous Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Nanoparticle Suspension ◽  
Constant Ph ◽  
Rate Of Dissolution ◽  
Historical Monuments ◽  
Nanoparticle Suspensions

Marble and limestone have been extensively used as building materials in historical monuments. Environmental, physical, chemical and biological factors contribute to stone deterioration. The rehabilitation of stone damage and the delay of further deterioration is of utmost importance. Inorganic nanoparticles having chemical and crystallographic affinity with building materials is very important for the formation of protective coatings or overlayers. In the present work, we have tested the possibility of treating calcitic materials with suspensions of amorphous calcium carbonate (am-CaCO3, ACC) and amorphous silica (AmSiO2). Pentelic marble (PM) was selected as the test material to validate the efficiency of the nanoparticle suspension treatment towards dissolution in undersaturated solutions and slightly acidic pH (6.50). Suspensions of ACC and AnSiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by spontaneous precipitation from supersaturated solutions and by tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) hydrolysis, respectively. The suspensions were quite stable (nine days for ACC and months for AmSiO2). ACC and Am SiO2 particles were deposited on the surface of powdered PM. The rates of dissolution of PM were measured in solutions undersaturated with respect to calcite at a constant pH of 6.50. For specimens treated with ACC and AmSiO2 suspensions, the measured dissolution rates were significantly lower. The extent of the rate of dissolution reduction was higher for AmSiO2 particles on PM. Moreover, application of the nanoparticles on the substrate during their precipitation was most efficient method.

On the Issue of Safe Use of Fiber Cement Materials in the Buildings and Structures

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
N.I. Konstantinova ◽  
◽  
N.V. Smirnov ◽  
O.V. Krivoshapkina ◽  
O.I. Molchadskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Thermal Exposure ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Sand Mixture ◽  
Industrial Buildings ◽  
Experimental Complex ◽  
Combustible Materials

Fiber cement finishing materials are widely used in the construction of industrial buildings and structures due to the complex of valuable operational properties. In the Russian market there are fiber-cement panels with a variety of design solutions for their coloring and application of protective coatings. Fiber cement board is a strong and moisture-resistant composite material made from a cement-sand mixture, reinforcing cellulose fibers and special additives. Not being a non-combustible material, the fiber cement boards in accordance with the current mandatory requirements, as a decorative, finishing and facing material for walls and ceilings have restrictions on their use. Existing domestic requirements regarding the methodology for assessing the combustibility of fiber cement products largely narrow the field of using these materials. Therefore, it is advisable to develop the proposals for amending the test methods and the regulatory framework governing their fire-safe extended scope. In the course of this work execution, the main provisions of the regulatory and methodological framework that establish the requirements for the fire-safe use of fiber cement materials are analyzed. Experimental complex studies of fire hazard properties of various types of samples of the fiber cement finishing panels and slabs were carried out. It is established that fiber-cement materials belong to the class of the least fire-hazardous materials. Advisability is determined concerning the introduction to the national regulatory practice of GOST R «Building materials. Test method for fire hazard under thermal exposure with a single burner (SBI)». Classification parameters of the group of non-combustible materials NG2 were established to amend GOST R 57270—2016 (method 1). Classification parameters of the group of non-combustible materials NG2 for making changes in GOST R 57270—2016 (method 1) are established. Proposals were developed to expand the scope of application of the materials and products made of fiber cement as enclosing structures, partitions, and decorative finishes (cladding) in the buildings and structures.

scholarly journals Barite-containing radiation protective building materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-98
Author(s):  
Nikolay V. Novikov ◽  
Svetlana V. Samchenko ◽  
Galina E. Okolnikova
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Nuclear Facilities ◽  
Linear Absorption ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Creation

Due to the active development of industries using nuclear technology, the creation of highly effective and cost-effective building materials for protection against hazardous ionizing radiation is of increasing interest. Widespread in the field of radiation-protective building materials are barite-containing concrete. The purpose of this article is to establish the prospects of their use in nuclear facilities, as well as to find ways to improve their technical and operational characteristics. For this an analysis of relevant literature and scientific research in the field of radiation-protective materials and, in particular, barite-containing concrete was carried out. The advantages of barite-containing concrete are high radiation-protective properties, environmental friendliness, high density, as well as economic indicators. The disadvantages are high susceptibility to shrinkage deformation and poor resistance to cyclic temperature effects. The addition of barite to the concrete composition allows to increase the coefficient of linear absorption of -rays of the material; also, with the proper selection of the composition, such material may have strength characteristics equal to or superior to the characteristics of concrete with standard compositions. Barite-containing materials have a wide range of applications and can be used both for the production of heavy concrete in the construction of load-bearing structures and in the creation of radiation-protective coatings for walls and floors.

scholarly journals PENINGKATAN MUTU BETON DENGAN CAMPURAN LIMBAH KALSIT SEBAGAI BAHAN ALTERNATIF RAMAH LINGKUNGAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Anissa Diyah Lestari ◽  
Luky Indra Gunawan ◽  
Dyah Julia Syifa ◽  
Ronny Wahyu Wibowo ◽  
Hendramawat Aski Safarizki
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Normal Concrete ◽  
Success Indicators ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete ◽  
The Right

AbstrakPada era teknologi sekarang ini, beton adalah sebagai salah satu bahan bangunan yang paling banyak digunakan di Indonesia. Inovasi diperlukan untuk peningkatan mutu beton dalam kuat tekan beton dan harga lebih murah dibandingkan dengan beton normal. Limbah penambangan batu kapur di Wonogiri tidak dimanfaatkan dengan baik. Sehingga menimbulkan polusi udara dan mencemari lingkungan di sekitar penambangan. Maka dari itu, inovasi ini menggunakan limbah kalsit untuk ditambahkan sebagai bahan tambah pembuatan beton. Luaran yang diharapkan dalam penelitian ini adalah dapat mengetahui komposisi yang pas untuk penambahan kalsit dalam campuran pembuatan beton dan menjadikan beton dengan bahan tambah limbah kalsit sebagai beton inovatif ramah lingkungan dan memiliki nilai ekonomis. Serta draft artikel ilmiah tentang beton inovatif yang dituangkan dalam sebuah draft artikel ilmiah, laporan kemajuan dan laporan akhir. Hasil yang telah dicapai saat ini berdasarkan indikator keberhasilan jangka pendek, yaitu telah dilaksanakannya penelitian dan pembuatan beton dengan bahan tambah kalsit dengan beberapa varian, serta pengujian sampel beton setelah berumur 14 hari. Pada penelitian ini mengetahui komposisi optimum penambahan kalsit terhadap kuat tekan beton, dengan penambahan kadar kalsit sebesar 5%, 9%, dan 15% benda uji yang digunakan adalah silinder berdiameter 15 cm dengan tinggi 30 cm sebanyak 9 buah dimana pengujian dilakukan pada umur 14 hari. Hasil analisis data pengujian kuat tekan beton kalsit adanya peningkatan pada variasi 9% kalsit sebesar 20,71 MPa (4.12%) dibandingkan beton normal 19,89 MPa. Maka kesimpulannya penggunaan kalsit dapat meningkatkan kuat tekan beton.Kata Kunci: Efektivitas, Beton SCC, Kalsit, Kuat TekanAbstractConcrete is one of the most widely used building materials in Indonesia In the current technological era. Innovation is needed to improve concrete quality in concrete compressive strength and prices are cheaper than normal concrete. Waste from limestone mining in Wonogiri is not utilized properly. So that it causes air pollution and pollutes the environment around mining. Therefore, this innovation uses calcite waste to be added as an ingredient to add concrete. The expected output in this study is to be able to find out the right composition for the addition of calcite in a mixture of concrete making and to make concrete with calcite added waste as an innovative concrete that is environmentally friendly and has economic value. As well as the draft scientific article about innovative concrete as outlined in a draft scientific article, progress report and final report. The results that have been achieved at present are based on short-term success indicators, namely the research and manufacture of concrete with calcite added ingredients with several variants, as well as testing of concrete samples after being 14 days old. In this study, the optimum composition of calcite was added to the compressive strength of concrete, with the addition of calcite levels of 5%, 9%, and 15%. The test material used was a cylindrical diameter of 15 cm with a height of 9 cm in which testing was done at 14 days . The results of the analysis of the test data for compressive strength of calcite concrete was an increase in the variation of 9% of calcite by 20.71 MPa (4.12%) coMPared to normal concrete of 19.89 MPa. So the conclusion is the use of calcite can increase the concrete compressive strength.Keywords: Effectiveness, SCC Concrete, Calcite, Compressive Strength

scholarly journals Mortar mixes with oxblood: historical background, model sample recipes and properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Zhang ◽  
Laura Rampazzi ◽  
Maria Pia Riccardi ◽  
Antonio Sansonetti ◽  
Alberto Grimoldi
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Amorphous Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Historical Building ◽  
Model Sample ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
History Of Use

Abstract. In this survey we present studies on mortar mixes added with oxblood, which was a commonly found local waste material, with a wide application and long history of use; a precise recipe of lime–pozzolan mortar with blood addition from a 19th-century Italian manual was chosen, and model samples were prepared accordingly, with the aim of better understanding the chemical, mineralogical and physical characteristics of such compositions, starting with a blank reference specimen. The specimens were analysed by means of scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction, and the results suggested that amorphous calcium carbonate could be formed in the specimens with oxblood addition. These preliminary results allow a better understanding of historical building practices, measuring effects induced by organic additives on mortar microstructure, as well as an evaluation of new performances obtained in mortar mixes. Moreover, this paper intends to propose a full multi-discipline approach to bridge the history of architecture and building materials to conservation science.

scholarly journals INDOOR MICROCLIMATIC VARIABLES ASSESSMENT BY VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY ON ORIGINAL STRUCTURE OF TROPAEUM TRAIANI MONUMENT, ADAMCLISI

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 977-994
Author(s):  
RADU LUCIAN OLTEANU ◽  
CRISTIANA RADULESCU ◽  
CLAUDIA STIHI ◽  
IOANA DANIELA DULAMA ◽  
CRISTINA MIHAELA NICOLESCU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Vibrational Spectroscopy ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Original Structure ◽  
Amorphous Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Major Scale ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Structural Aspects

This work attempts to show the usefulness of vibrational spectroscopy (i.e., FTIR and Raman) in the analysis of major components of the original structure materials of a heritage monument (Tropaeum Traiani, Adamclisi). The features of materials and indoor microclimatic variables (i.e., temperature and relative humidity), on the periods of the monitoring campaigns, were considered. As the conservation must make sure about the physicochemical and structural aspects of the materials, assessment of the environmental impact, deterioration processes and characterization of ancient building materials are useful to understand the chemical evolution in the past, predict the various trends in the future, choose the suitable restoration methods to preserve their present state, and even to describe the alteration process of materials and modification through time. The surface of original structure materials used until present seems not to be affected at major scale by the indoor microclimate variables. But even high recorded relative humidity levels promote the occurrence of amorphous calcium carbonate, calcite, aragonite and vaterite highlighted by vibrational spectroscopy data (i.e., FTIR and Raman), as a first effect, the development of biological organism can be enhanced, depending on the characteristics of the substrate. Second, atmospheric pollutants can be dissolved easier in the humidity existing in the porous material, and lastly, if the waterflow inside the stone is not homogeneous, cracks could appear due to differences in permeability.

Nanofluid Properties and Their Effects on Convective Heat Transfer in an Electronics Cooling Application

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Townsend ◽  
Rebecca J. Christianson
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Electronics Cooling ◽  
Nanoparticle Suspension ◽  
System Combination ◽  
Conductivity Increase ◽  
Viscosity Increase ◽  
Nanoparticle Suspensions ◽  
Complicated Geometries

In the search for new, more effective coolant fluids, nanoparticle suspensions have shown promise due to their enhanced thermal conductivity. However, there is a concomitant increase in the viscosity, requiring an increase in pumping power to achieve the same flow rate. Studies of flow cooling in simple geometries indicate that there is a benefit to using nanofluids, but it is difficult to justify extending these results to the far more complicated geometries. Moreover, with the variability of property measurements found in literature, it is possible to show conflicting results from the same set of flow-cooling data. In this work we present a self-contained study of the properties and effectiveness of an alumina in water nanofluid. Flow-cooling is studied in an off-the-shelf fluid cooling package for electronics to examine the effects of the particulates in a practical scenario. We measure the thermal conductivity and viscosity of the same suspensions to assure consistent interpretation of our results. We find that, while there is no anomalous enhancement of the thermal properties or transport, there is a benefit to using a low volume fraction alumina nanoparticle suspension over using the base fluid alone. In fact, there is an optimal volume fraction (1%) for this nanofluid and electronics cooling system combination that maximizes the heat dissipated. However, we find that this benefit decreases as the volume fraction, and hence the viscosity, increases. Understanding where the trade-off between viscosity increase and thermal conductivity increase occurs is critical to designing an electronics cooling system using a nanofluid as a coolant.

scholarly journals Investigation of Alternative Techniques for Graphene Synthesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betül Gürünlü ◽  
Mahmut Bayramoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Graphene Synthesis ◽  
Chemical Exfoliation ◽  
Cvd Synthesis ◽  
Li Ion

In recent years, a great deal of concentration has addressed the electronic and morphological characteristics of carbonaceous substances. Nowadays, particularly, graphene is one of the most popular materials in condensed-matter physics and materials science. It is used in different fields such as desalination of seawater, smartphones, computers, satellites, planes, cars, building materials, obtaining protective coatings and rust-free cars, nuclear clean up, transistors, sensors, electron microscopy, Li ion batteries, super capacitors, and bionics. Mechanical cleaving (exfoliation), chemical exfoliation, chemical synthesis, and thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis are the most commonly used methods today. Some other techniques are also reported such as unzipping nanotube and microwave synthesis. In graphene synthesis, starting material is usually graphite. On the other hand, different starting materials such as rice husks, fenugreek seeds, hibiscus flower petals, camphor, alfalfa plants, petroleum asphalt are used as a carbon source for graphene synthesis. In this study, alternative methods for graphene synthesis specially microwave irradiation and ultrasound energy were studied, and the performances of the final products were compared with the help of different characterization techniques. Advantages and drawbacks of these methods were clearly discussed for enhancing the understanding of the graphene synthesis phenomena.

scholarly journals Functional Protective Coatings for Steel Architectural Construction Panels

2021 ◽  
Vol 346 ◽  
pp. 02041
Author(s):  
Anna V. Ryabova ◽  
Anna Yu. Fanda ◽  
Sergey V. Trofimov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Crystallization Process ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Color Measurement ◽  
Glass Enamel ◽  
Steel Panels ◽  
Glass Enamel Coatings ◽  
Protective Coatings For Steel

Currently, enameled steel products are becoming very popular in construction, since they have a number of valuable properties that noticeably distinguish enameled architectural and construction panels against the background of other facing building materials. Also, extremely urgent is the problem of obtaining glass enamel coatings for architectural and construction panels with high properties. In the work, glass-crystalline enamel coatings in the system R2O–RO–B2O3–Al2O3–SiO2–TiO2–P2O2–F- were studied, the features of their formation on facing steel panels were revealed. The physicochemical and aesthetic-consumer properties of the developed enamel coatings have been investigated. The influence of the chemical composition of titanium-containing glass and the crystallization process on the whiteness index of white coating glass-crystalline enamels and the characteristic color shade was studied using a spectrophotometric method using an RGB color measurement model. This method made it possible to accurately determine the shades of the obtained glass-crystalline enamel coatings for steel.

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