scholarly journals Postharvest Fumigation of Fresh Citrus with Cylinderized Phosphine to Control Bean Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Spencer S. Walse ◽  
Leonel R. Jimenez
Keyword(s):  
Lower Bound ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Fresh Fruit ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Mortality Response ◽  
Applied Dose ◽  
Pulp Temperature ◽  
Postharvest Control

Bean thrips (BT), Caliothrips fasciatus (Pergande), is a pest of concern to certain countries that import fresh citrus fruit from California, USA. A series of laboratory-scale exploratory fumigations with phosphine at 4.9 ± 0.3 °C (mean ± 2 SD; x¯±2s) were conducted to evaluate the postharvest control of adult BT. Models of the duration–mortality response predicted ca. 99% mortality of BT populations when headspace concentrations of phosphine, [PH3], are maintained at levels ≥0.4 g m−3 (250 ppmv (µL L−1)) and ≤1.5 g m−3 (1000 ppmv (µL L−1)) for 12 h, with the duration representing the lower bound of the 95% confidence level (CL). Confirmatory fumigations, each lasting 12 h, were then conducted using BT-infested sweet oranges, Citrus sinensis (L.), at pulp temperature (T) ≤ 5 °C to corroborate the exploratory results. Three formulations of cylinderized phosphine were used: 1.6% phosphine by volume in nitrogen, VAPORPH3OS®, and ECOFUME®, all applied at two levels, ca. 1.5 g m−3 (1000 ppmv (µL L−1)), as well as 0.5 g m−3 (300 ppmv (µL L−1)). Collectively, across the formulations, an applied dose of ca. 1.5 g m−3 (1000 ppmv (µL L−1)) resulted in 0 survivors from 38,993 (probit 8.60, 95% CL; probit 9, 72% CL) treated BT, while an applied dose of 0.5 g m−3 (300 ppmv (µL L−1)) resulted in 0 survivors from 31,204 (probit 8.56, 95% CL; probit 9, 70% CL) treated BT. Results were discussed in the context of commercial and operational features of quarantine and pre-shipment (QPS) uses of phosphine to treat fresh fruit and, specifically, the control of BT in fresh citrus exported from California, USA, to Australia.

scholarly journals PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI KELOMPOK TANI JERUK KALAMANSI

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Hermelin Saras Putri ◽  
Ririn Gusti
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Fresh Fruit ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Farmer Groups ◽  
The City

This study aims to systematically obtain information related to community empowerment through kalamansi citrus farmer groups. The method used is the focus group discussion by getting the results that community empowerment through the kalamansi citrus farmer group was established in 2008, has 27 members, the natural lemongrass farmer group gets certificate of appreciation from the Governor of Bengkulu as an Independent Kalamansi Citrus Farm Farmer / Success in the Context of the 50th Anniversary of Bengkulu Province, on 18 November 2018. As time goes by, Kalamansi oranges have produced many fruits, the empowerment of sustainable natural lemongrass farmer groups in Padang lemongrass village is one of a form of community empowerment. The community usually sells it in the form of fresh fruit to market traders in the city of Bengkulu. With the empowerment of this sustainable natural fresh farmer group, the community can use their land as a kalamansi orange plantation where the products they plant will be traded in the market or to Mr. Amti who needing the raw material for kalamansi syrup, the community can increase their family's economic income by planting kalamansi and oranges the community also conserves kalamsi citrus fruit in the city of Bengkulu. Keywords: Empowerment, farmer groups, kalamansi oranges. 

scholarly journals Hesperidin and SARS-CoV-2: New Light on the Healthy Functions of Citrus Fruit

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Bellavite ◽  
Alberto Donzelli
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Early Proteins ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
The Many

Among the many approaches to COVID-19 prevention, the possible role of diet has so far been somewhat marginal. Nutrition is very rich in substances with a potential beneficial effect on health and some of these could have an antiviral action or in any case be important in modulating the immune system and in defending cells from the oxidative stress associated with infection. This short review draws the attention on some components of Citrus fruits and especially of the orange (Citrus sinensis), well known for its vitamin content, but less for the function of its flavonoids. Among the latter, hesperidin has recently attracted the attention of researchers, because it binds to the key proteins of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Several computational methods, independently applied by different researchers, showed that hesperidin has a low binding energy both with the coronavirus "spike" protein, and with the main protease that transforms the early proteins of the virus (pp1a and ppa1b) into the complex responsible for viral replication. The affinity of hesperidin for these proteins is comparable if not superior to that of common chemical antivirals. The preventive efficacy of vitamin C, at dosage attainable by diet, against viral infections is controversial, but recent reviews suggest that this substance may be useful in case of increased stress on the immune system. Finally, the reasons that suggest undertaking appropriate research on the Citrus fruits addition in the diet, as a complementary prevention and treatment of COVID-19, are discussed.

scholarly journals Ascorbic Acid Content and Transcriptional Profiling of Genes Involved in Its Metabolism during Development of Petals, Leaves, and Fruits of Orange (Citrus sinensis cv. Valencia Late)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2590
Author(s):  
Enriqueta Alós ◽  
Florencia Rey ◽  
José Vicente Gil ◽  
María Jesús Rodrigo ◽  
Lorenzo Zacarias
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Galacturonic Acid ◽  
Transcriptional Profiling ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
Recycling Pathway ◽  
Acid Pathway

Citrus fruit is one of the most important contributors to the ascorbic acid (AsA) intake in humans. Here, we report a comparative analysis of AsA content and transcriptional changes of genes related to its metabolism during development of petals, leaves and fruits of Valencia Late oranges (Citrus sinensis). Petals of close flowers and at anthesis contained the highest concentration of AsA. In fruits, AsA content in the flavedo reached a maximum at color break, whereas the pulp accumulated lower levels and experienced minor fluctuations during development. AsA levels in leaves were similar to those in the flavedo at breaker stage. The transcriptional profiling of AsA biosynthetic, degradation, and recycling genes revealed a complex and specific interplay of the different pathways for each tissue. The D-galacturonic acid pathway appeared to be relevant in petals, whereas in leaves the L-galactose pathway (GGP and GME) also contributed to AsA accumulation. In the flavedo, AsA content was positively correlated with the expression of GGP of the L-galactose pathway and negatively with DHAR1 gene of the recycling pathway. In the pulp, AsA appeared to be mainly controlled by the coordination among the D-galacturonic acid pathway and the MIOX and GalDH genes. Analysis of the promoters of AsA metabolism genes revealed a number of cis-acting elements related to developmental signals, but their functionalities remain to be investigated.

scholarly journals Differential Transcriptomic Regulation in Sweet Orange Fruit (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) Following Dehydration and Rehydration Conditions Leading to Peel Damage

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paco Romero ◽  
Maria Teresa Lafuente ◽  
Fernando Alferez
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Cell Wall Modification ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Custom Made

Water stress is the most important environmental agent that contributes to the crop productivity and quality losses globally. In citrus, water stress is the main driver of the fruit peel disorders that impact the quality and market ability. An increasingly present post-harvest peel disorder is non-chilling peel pitting (NCPP). Non-chilling peel pitting is manifested as collapsed areas of flavedo randomly scattered on the fruit and its incidence increases due to abrupt increases in the environmental relative humidity (RH) during post-harvest fruit manipulation. In this study, we have used a custom-made cDNA microarray containing 44k unigenes from Citrus sinensis (L. Osbeck), covering for the first time the whole genome from this species, to study transcriptomic responses of mature citrus fruit to water stress. In the study, the global gene expression profiles of flavedo from Navelate oranges subjected to severe water stress are compared with those fruits subjected to rehydration stress provoked by changes in the RH during post-harvest, which enhances the development of NCPP. The study results show that NCPP is a complex physiological process that shares molecular responses with those from prolonged dehydration in fruit, but the damage associated with NCPP may be explained by unique features of rehydration stress at the molecular level, such as membrane disorganization, cell wall modification, and proteolysis.

scholarly journals Fruit Abscission and Leaf Drop in Citrus Cultivars Treated with Metsulfuron-methyl

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter J. Kender ◽  
Ulrich Hartmond ◽  
Jacqueline K. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Fruit Abscission ◽  
Metsulfuron Methyl ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Valencia Orange ◽  
Leaf Drop

Fruit of 11 citrus cultivars were evaluated for their response to the experimental abscission material metsulfuron-methyl at 2 mg·L-1 (ppm) active ingredient as an aid to mechanical or hand harvest. Cultivars evaluated included `Ambersweet', `Glen Navel', `Hamlin', and `Valencia' oranges [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.], `Robinson' tangerine (Clementine × Orlando, C. reticulata Blanco), `Sunburst' tangerine [`Robinson' × `Osceola', C. reticulata × (C. paradisi Macf. × C. reticulata)], `Murcott' and `Temple' tangor (C. reticulata × C. sinensis), `Orlando' tangelo (C. reticulata × C. paradisi), `Ray Ruby', and `Marsh' grapefruit (C. paradisi). Six of the 11 cultivars were effectively loosened by sprays of metsulfuron-methyl (`Hamlin', `Valencia', `Orlando', `Murcott', `Temple', and `Ray Ruby'). Addition of an adjuvant (Kinetic, 0.125%) was necessary for abscission activity in fruit and leaves. Trees sprayed with metsulfuron-methyl in combination with an adjuvant had higher percent cumulative fruit drop, higher internal ethylene, and lower fruit detachment forces (FDF) than trees sprayed with metsulfuron-methyl alone. `Sunburst' tangerine responded poorly to the abscission material in the presence or absence of Kinetic. Leaf loss was greatest in trees sprayed with metsulfuron-methyl and adjuvant, intermediate in trees sprayed with metsulfuron-methyl alone, and least in control trees. Twig dieback was observed in trees of `Valencia' orange and `Marsh' grapefruit sprayed with metsulfuron-methyl. The peel of some cultivars had irregular coloration and developed pitted areas after harvest. Although metsulfuron-methyl is an effective abscission agent for mature citrus fruit, further work is needed to more accurately define conditions for its safe and dependable use.

scholarly journals Effects of field attack by Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae) on the morphology and nutritional quality fresh fruit of Citrus sinensis L.

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 967-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adebayo Amos Omoloye ◽  
Olusegun Gabriel Oladapo ◽  
Olufisayo Ibitoye ◽  
Olajumoke Yemisi Alabi
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Fresh Fruit

New alternatives for postharvest control of rots in citrus fruit

2018 ◽  
pp. 249-256
Author(s):  
L. Vila ◽  
V. Landete ◽  
V. Turégano ◽  
S. Sdiri
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Postharvest Control

scholarly journals Postharvest Control of Western Flower Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and California Red Scale (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) With Ethyl Formate and Its Impact on Citrus Fruit Quality

2013 ◽  
Vol 106 (6) ◽  
pp. 2341-2348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francine Pupin ◽  
Veronique Bikoba ◽  
William B. Biasi ◽  
Gabriel M. Pedroso ◽  
Yuling Ouyang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Ethyl Formate ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Postharvest Control

An evaluation of the fruit quality and storage behaviour of Lane Late Navel oranges

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (86) ◽  
pp. 515
Author(s):  
BM El-Zeftawi
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Fresh Fruit ◽  
Great Benefit ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Storage Disorders

Lane Late Navel (LLN) (Citrus sinensis), a late maturing orange cultivar, was evaluated for its quality and storage behaviour and compared with other sweet orange cultivars during 1972-75. Although LLN can extend the Navel season into the Valencia season, its quality deteriorates very rapidly; the juice becomes insipid due to its lower acid content and the rind re-greens, thus detracting from its appearance. It also granulates which reduces its acceptibility as fresh fruit. Granulation increases in storage and, combined with other storage disorders such as Alternaria citri, its storage period is limited to a mere six weeks at 5�C. The results indicate that the cultivar offers no great benefit to the citrus industry under conditions similar to this trial.

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