scholarly journals An Update on the Function, Biosynthesis and Regulation of Floral Volatile Terpenoids

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 451
Author(s):  
Zhenglin Qiao ◽  
Huizhen Hu ◽  
Senbao Shi ◽  
Xuemei Yuan ◽  
Bo Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Flower Fragrance ◽  
Volatile Terpenoids ◽  
Floral Volatile

Floral volatile terpenoids (FVTs) belong to a group of volatile organic compounds (VOC) that play important roles in attracting pollinators, defending against pathogens and parasites and serving as signals associated with biotic and abiotic stress responses. Although research on FVTs has been increasing, a systematic generalization is lacking. Among flowering plants used mainly for ornamental purposes, a systematic study on the production of FVTs in flowers with characteristic aromas is still limited. This paper reviews the biological functions and biosynthesis of FVTs, which may contribute a foundational aspect for future research. We highlight regulatory mechanisms that control the production of FVTs in ornamental flowers and the intersection of biosynthetic pathways that produce flower fragrance and color. Additionally, we summarize the opportunities and challenges facing FVT research in the whole genome and -omics eras and the possible research directions that will provide a foundation for further innovation and utilization of flowering ornamental plants and their germplasm resources.

scholarly journals Emerging role of a novel small non-coding regulatory RNA: tRNA-derived small RNA

ExRNA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangfang Jin ◽  
Zhigang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Small Rna ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Regulatory Rna ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Abstract The discovery of small non-coding RNAs, such as miRNA and piRNA, has dramatically changed our understanding of the role RNA plays in organisms. Recent studies show that a novel small non-coding RNA generated from cleavage of tRNA or pre-tRNA, called tRNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA), serves as a new regulator of gene expression. tsRNA has been determined participate in regulating some specific physiological and pathological processes. Although knowledge regarding the biological roles of miRNA and piRNA is expanding, whether tsRNAs play similar roles remains poorly understood. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of action and biological functions of tsRNAs in intracellular, extracellular and intergenerational inheritance, and highlight the potential application of tsRNAs in human diseases, and present the current problems and future research directions.

scholarly journals Volatile Organic Compound Composition and Glandular Trichome Characteristics of In Vitro Propagated Clinopodium pulegium (Rochel) Bräuchler: Effect of Carbon Source

Plants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Dragana Stojičić ◽  
Svetlana Tošić ◽  
Gordana Stojanović ◽  
Bojan Zlatković ◽  
Snežana Jovanović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Volatile Organic

Clinopodium pulegium (Rochel) Bräuchler (Lamiaceae) is an endangered species endemic to the Southern Carpathians. It is characterized by the production of high amounts of essential oils, which emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that have an essential role in biotic and abiotic stress responses and in plant–plant and plant–insect interactions. The present study was initiated to phytochemically examine the influence of different carbon sources in the nutrition medium on VOC emissions of micropropagated C. pulegium plants, using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of headspace VOCs. The volatile profiles were subjected to multivariate analysis with respect to the presence, concentration and type of carbon source in the nutrient medium. In addition, the effect of different carbohydrates on the density and size of the leaf glandular trichomes, the main structures involved in the emission of VOCs, was determined. A total of 19 VOCs, primarily belonging to mono- and sesquiterpenes previously described in plants, were tentatively identified. Six VOCs were produced at levels higher than 2% of the total VOC emission, dominated by pulegone, ß-pinene and menthone. Inclusion of the carbohydrates in the culture media affected the production of the main leaf trichome-associated volatile allelochemicals although the qualitative composition of the volatiles changed only slightly. Multivariate analysis showed that the concentration, rather than the carbohydrate type, influenced the VOC profile.

scholarly journals Autophagy in crop plants: what's new beyond Arabidopsis ?

Open Biology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 180162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Tang ◽  
Diane C. Bassham
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Recycling Pathway

Autophagy is a major degradation and recycling pathway in plants. It functions to maintain cellular homeostasis and is induced by environmental cues and developmental stimuli. Over the past decade, the study of autophagy has expanded from model plants to crop species. Many features of the core machinery and physiological functions of autophagy are conserved among diverse organisms. However, several novel functions and regulators of autophagy have been characterized in individual plant species. In light of its critical role in development and stress responses, a better understanding of autophagy in crop plants may eventually lead to beneficial agricultural applications. Here, we review recent progress on understanding autophagy in crops and discuss potential future research directions.

Roles of various Phytohormones and Their Cross-talk in Regulating Stomatal Development and Patterning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongbin Wei ◽  
Yifeng Jing ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Dexin Kong
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Stomatal Development ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
The Core ◽  
Differential Responsiveness

Abstract Phytohormones play important roles in regulating various aspects of plant growth and development as well as in biotic and abiotic stress responses. Stomata are openings on the surface of land plants that control gas exchange with their environment. Accumulating evidence shows that various phytohormones, including abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, brassinosteroids, auxin, cytokinin, ethylene and gibberellic acid, play many roles in regulating stomatal development and patterning, and that the cotyledons/leaves and hypocotyls/stems of Arabidopsis exhibit differential responsiveness to phytohormones. In this review, we first discuss the shared regulatory mechanisms of stomatal development and patterning in Arabidopsis cotyledons and hypocotyls and those that are distinct, and then summarize current knowledge of how distinct hormonal signaling circuits are integrated into the core stomatal development pathways and how different phytohormones crosstalk to tailor stomatal density and spacing patterns. Knowledge obtained from Arabidopsis may pave the way for future research to elucidate the effects of phytohormones in regulating stomatal development and patterning in cereal grasses, for the purpose of increasing crop adaptive responses.

scholarly journals Biotic and Abiotic Stress Responses in Crop Plants

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Dresselhaus ◽  
Ralph Hückelhoven
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Breeding Programs

Agricultural productivity depends on increasingly extreme weather phenomena, and the use of germplasm that has to be continuously improved by plant breeders to become tolerant to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Molecular plant biologists try to understand the mechanisms associated with stress responses and provide knowledge that could be used in breeding programs. To provide a partial overview about our current understanding about molecular and physiological stress responses, and how this knowledge can be used in agriculture, we have edited a special issue on “Biotic and Abiotic Stress Responses in Crop Plants”. Contributions are from different fields including heat stress responses, stress responses during drought and salinity, as well as during flooding, and resistance and susceptibility to pathogenetic stresses and about the role of plant functional metabolites in biotic stress responses. Future research demand in particular areas of crop stress physiology is discussed, as well as the importance of translational research and investigations directly in elite crop plants and in the genetic resources available for breeding.

scholarly journals Get Together: The Interaction between Melatonin and Salicylic Acid as a Strategy to Improve Plant Stress Tolerance

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1486
Author(s):  
Alfonso Albacete
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Stress Responses ◽  
Action Model

Both melatonin and salicylic acid (SA) have been demonstrated to play multiple functions in plant physiological processes and biotic and abiotic stress responses. So far, these regulatory molecules have been separately studied despite sharing a common biosynthetic precursor and their similar physiological actions and stress regulation signals. The review published in Agronomy by Hernández-Ruiz and Arnao entitled “Relationship of melatonin and salicylic acid in biotic/abiotic stress responses” highlights the coincidences and similarities of both regulatory molecules via a thorough literature search and proposes an action model for their interaction in plant stress responses. Despite the undeniable interest and potential impact of this view, it has been focused only on coincident regulatory aspects of SA and melatonin, and the antioxidant-mediated model of interaction that has been proposed is rather speculative and needs to be mechanistically demonstrated. Nevertheless, the mentioned review leads to future research on the melatonin-SA crosstalk to improve biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, which is of utmost importance to ensure food production in the actual age of pandemics and for the upcoming climate crisis scenario.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document