scholarly journals Foliar Application of Potassium Mitigates Salinity Stress Conditions in Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) through Reducing NaCl Toxicity and Enhancing the Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 566
Author(s):  
Tayyaba Naz ◽  
Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Tahir ◽  
Montaser M. Hassan ◽  
Muhammad Ishaq Asif Rehmani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Agronomic biofortification is the purposeful utilization of mineral fertilizers to increase the concentration of desired minerals in edible plant parts for enhancing their dietary intake. It is becoming crucial to enhance the dietary intake of K for addressing hidden hunger and related health issues such as cardiac diseases and hypertension. This study was designed to enhance the potassium concentration in edible parts of spinach through its foliar application under saline environment. The salinity levels of electrical conductivity (EC) = 4, 6, and 8 dS m−1 were applied using sodium chloride (NaCl) along with control. The levels of K for foliar sprays were 5 and 10 mM, along with control. The present experiment was performed under two factorial arrangements in a completely randomized design (CRD). After 60 days of sowing, the crop was harvested. Data regarding growth, ionic, physiological, and biochemical parameters, i.e., shoot dry weight, relative water content, electrolyte leakage, total chlorophyll content, tissue sodium (Na) and K concentration, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were recorded and those were found to be significantly (p ≤ 0.05) affected by foliar application of K on spinach under saline conditions. The highest growth, physiological and biochemical responses of spinach were observed in response to foliar-applied K at 10 mM. It is concluded that agronomic bio-fortification by foliar use of K can be a useful strategy to increase tissue K intakes and minimize Na toxicity in the vegetables studied under saline conditions.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MINERAL DEFICIENCY ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND ON SHOOT AND ROOT MINERAL PARTITIONING IN THREE SUNFLOWER VARIETIES / EFECTO DE LA FALTA DE ELEMENTOS MINERALAS SOBRE LOS PARAMENTROS MORFOLOGICOS Y FISIOLOGICOS Y REPARTICION DE ELEMENTOS MINERALES DE LA PARTE SOBRE EL SUELO Y DE LA RAIZ EN TRES VARIEDADES / INFLUENCE DE LA CARENCE D’ÉLÉMENTS MINÉRAUX SUR LES PARAMÈTRES MORPHOLOGIQUES ET PHYSIOLOGIQUES ET SUR LA DISTRIBUTION DES ÉLÉMENTS MINÉRAUX ENTRE LA PARTIE AÉRIENNE ET LA RACINE POUR TROIS SORTES DE TOURNESOL

Helia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (35) ◽  
pp. 135-148
Author(s):  
Mohammed El Midaoui ◽  
Ahmed Talouizte ◽  
Benbella Mohamed ◽  
Serieys Hervé ◽  
Ait Houssa Abdelhadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mineral Deficiency ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Matter Effect

SUMMARYAn experiment has been carried out in order to study the behaviour under mineral deficiency of three sunflower genotypes, a population variety (Oro 9) and two hybrids (Mirasol and Albena). Sunflower seedlings were submitted to five treatments: N deficiency (N0), P deficiency (P0), K deficiency (K0), N and K deficiency (N0K0) and a control. Plants were harvested when they reached 3-4 true pairs of leaves. Growth parameters measured (height, total leaf area, root length, root and shoot dry mater) were all significantly reduced by mineral deficiency. Leaf area was most reduced by N0 (-61%) and P0 (-56%). Total dry matter was most affected by N0 (-63%) and by N0K0 (-66%). Genotype comparisons showed that Oro 9 had the highest shoot dry matter while Albena had the lowest root dry matter. Effect of mineral deficiency on content and partitioning of N, P, K, Ca and Na was significant and varied according to treatments and among plant parts. Shoot dry weight was significantly correlated with root N content (r2=0.81) and root K content (r2=-0.61) for N0 and K0.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula Indigenous Terhadap Pertumbuhan Stek Pucuk Gosale (Syzygium Malaccense (L.) Merr & L.M Perry)

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-216
Author(s):  
Steffani Silferansti Tak ◽  
Irdika Mansur ◽  
Prijanto Pamungkas
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seedling Quality ◽  
New Production ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Local Plant ◽  
Height Increase ◽  
Inoculation Treatment ◽  
Amf Inoculation

Gosale (Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L.M.Perry) that belongs to the Myrtaceae family is one of the leading local plant species grown in Halmahera, North Maluku. Some problems in gosale breeding such as limited seed availability, low seed production due to seasonal fruiting and the nature of seeds that can not be stored for a long period (recalcitrant), suggest an alternative new production technique through a vegetative propagation (shoot cutting). Moreover, Improved seedling quality can be attempted by AMF inoculation, in which AMF at shoot cuttings play a role in initiating the formation of adventive roots. This study was conducted for 9 months using completely randomized design (CRD) with indigenous AMF inoculation treatment. The results showed that gosale cuttings that planted with indigenous AMF inoculation were effective at all observed variables. Inoculum AMF inoculated without the addition of host plant Pueria javanica at gosale shoot cuttings suggested the best treatment. The treatment of inoculum AMF from Kusumadehe (M1) obtained the best result in the variable of plant height increase, dry weight of shoot, dry weight of root, root shoot ratio), and seedling quality index. While the treatment of Inoculum AMF from Soakonora revealed the highest result in the variable of plant diameter increase and AMF colonization.Keywords: gosale, shoot cuttings, AMF, Pueraria javanica, West Halmahera

scholarly journals Assessment of Salicylic Acid Impacts on Seedling Characteristic of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under Water Stress

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein MARDANI ◽  
Hassan BAYAT ◽  
Amir Hossein SAEIDNEJAD ◽  
Ehsan Eyshi REZAIE
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Randomized Design

Impacts of various concentrations of salicylic acid (SA) on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedling characteristic were evaluated under different water stress levels by using a factorial arrangement based on completely randomized design with three replications at experimental greenhouse of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. The studied factors included three water deficit levels (100% FC, 80% FC, and 60% FC) considered as first factor and five levels of SA concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 mM) as second factor. Results showed that foliar application of SA at the highest concentration enhanced leaf area, leaf and dry weight while decreased stomatal conductance under high level of water deficit stress. Though, severe water deficit stress sharply raised the SPAD reading values. In general, exogenous SA application could develop cucumber seedling characteristic and improve water stress tolerance.

scholarly journals Effects of Trichoderma longibrachiatum (NGJ167) and compost on early growth of Bougainvillea spectabilis

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 614-620
Author(s):  
Ajisafe Gbenga Adebayo ◽  
Kehinde Titilope Kareem ◽  
Mosunmola Tosin Olatunji ◽  
Adekemi Olubukola Shokalu ◽  
Henry Akinkunmi Akintoye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Trichoderma Longibrachiatum ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Bougainvillea Spectabilis

Abstract Bougainvillea spectabilis is an ornamental plant grown in both temperate and tropical zones. They are primarily propagated by stem cuttings; however, difficulty in growth at early stages occurs routinely, causing barrier for its mass propagation. This study was conducted to study the effects of integrating compost with Trichoderma longibrachiatum (NGJ167), in improving the early growth of Bougainvillea spectabilis. Trichoderma longibrachiatum (NGJ167) used for this purpose was obtained from the Bioscience Center, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan. One hundred and twenty (120) pots were filled with 5 kg top soil each from an alfisol. Treatments included: Top soil as Control (C), Top soil inoculated with T. longibrachiatum (T), Top soil + compost at 5, 10 and 15 t ha-1 as C1, C2, C3 respectively, Top soil inoculated with T. longibrachiatum + compost at 5, 10 and 15 t ha-1 as C1T, C2T, C3T respectively. The eight treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) and replicated three times. Results indicated that integrated use of compost with Trichoderma significantly (p < 0.05) had higher growth values than the control. Higher plant height, stem diameter, number of branches and number of leaves, were recorded with the use of compost at 10 t ha-1 compared to control. Compost with Trichoderma gave higher shoot dry weight compared to treatments of compost alone. In conclusion, use of compost alone or inoculated with Trichoderma had significant effect on early growth and development of Bougainvillea spectabilis.

scholarly journals Relative Competitiveness Between Cultivated and Weedy Rice under Full and Low Light

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.E. SCHAEDLER ◽  
W. LUBIAN ◽  
P.C. LIMA ◽  
D.M. CHIAPINOTTO
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Rice Monoculture

ABSTRACT: Cultivated and weedy rice biotypes exhibit morphophysiological variations under low light, affecting competition between plants. The aim of this study was to assess relative competitiveness between cultivated and weedy rice under full and low light. Three experiments were conducted in a greenhouse, using a completely randomized design with four repetitions. The treatments in the experiment I were arranged in additive series while in the experiments II and III treatments were arranged in replacement series. Experiments II and III were carried out concomitantly to assess coexistence between the rice cultivar and weedy rice. The treatments consisted of different plants proportions: 100:0 (cultivated rice monoculture), 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 (weedy rice monoculture), keeping the total plant population obtained in experiment I (240 plants m-2) constant. Experiment II was conducted with full solar radiation and III under 50% light. The variables analyzed were shoot dry weight and plant height, 35 days after emergence (DAE). Competition among plants was evaluated via graphs and by interpreting competition indices. Concerning shoot dry weight, mutual losses were recorded between competitors, whereas equal competition for resources was observed for plant height. Weedy rice was more competitive than cultivated rice regardless of the light environment assessed, indicating the need for integrated methods to control this weed.

scholarly journals ASSESSING THE NITROGEN FIXATION ABILITIES OF NEWLY DEVELOPED PHASEOLUS VULGARIS LINES

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 662e-662
Author(s):  
Dyremple B. Marsh ◽  
Wayne McLaughlin ◽  
James S. Beaver
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Kidney Beans ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Red Kidney Bean ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Methods to improve the grain yield of red kidney bean without the addition of commercially fixed nitrogen will have significant benefits to farmers in Jamaica and other tropical regions. Red kidney beans provide a major portion of the dietary protein for most families in these regions. Our experimental objective was to evaluate the nitrogen fixing capabilities of several breeding lines of Phaseolus vulgaris when inoculated with Rhizobium strains isolated from Jamaican soils. Surface sterilized seeds of 11 Phaseolus lines were inoculated with inoculum prepared from 5 day old Rhizobium YEM mixture. Rhizobium used were T2 and B17 from Jamaica and UMR 1889. The greenhouse study was arranged as a completely randomized design. Bean lines 9056-101, 9056-98B, 8954-5 and 8954-4 showed improved nodulation and N2 fixation when inoculated with UMR 1899. The combination of breeding line 8954-5 and Rhizobium strain B17 produced the highest nodule number and shoot dry weight of 193 and 0.72 g, respectively. The Rhizobium strain B17showed some ability to compete successfully for nodule sites against known effective strains.

scholarly journals The Utilization of Effective Microorganism 4 (EM4) on Growth of Oil Palm Seedling in Pre Nursery

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Dwi Astutik ◽  
Ratih Rahhutami ◽  
Aline Sisi Handini ◽  
Ahmad Sutopo
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Effective Microorganism

<em>A planting medium that rich in nutrients is needed for oil palm, especially in the nursery phase. This study aimed to determine the effect of various doses of EM4 and to get the best dose of EM4 on the growth of oil palm seedlings in the pre-nursery. The research method used was a non-factorial completely randomized design with 4 treatments, namely 0 ml EM4 (A1), 4 ml EM4 (A2), 8 ml EM4 (A3), and 12 ml EM4 (A4). Each treatment was repeated 6 times so that there were 24 experimental units. The data obtained were analyzed for variance at the 5% level, if the effect was real, it was followed by the least significant difference (LSD) test. Based on the results of the study, it could be concluded that application of various EM4 doses had a significant effect on plant height (4-12 MST), the number of leaves (4-8 MST), trunk girth (4-12 MST), and shoot wet weight but did not significantly affect the number of leaves (12 MST), the volume of roots, length of roots, root wet weight and shoot dry weight, dry weight root, the best dose was shown at a dose of 12 ml EM4.</em>

scholarly journals Respons bibit kopi Liberika hasil sambung pucuk dengan kopi Robusta pada berbagai panjang entres dan inokulasi mikoriza

Jurnal Agro ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-177
Author(s):  
Elis Kartika ◽  
Gusniwati Gusniwati ◽  
Made Deviani Duaja
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Root Stock ◽  
Break Time ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Glomus Sp ◽  
Number Of Shoots

Grafting bibit kopi memiliki tujuan menghasilkan tanaman dengan karakteristik terbaik dari dua varietas kopi yang disambungkan. Kopi robusta digunakan sebagai batang bawah, karena lebih tahan terhadap kondisi yang tidak menguntungkan di lahan gambut. Upaya peningkatan ketahanan batang bawah dapat memanfaatkan mikoriza dan disambungkan dengan kopi liberika sebagai batang atas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  mendapatkan bibit kopi Liberika unggul hasil grafting dengan kopi Robusta bermikoriza serta mendapatkan panjang entres kopi Liberika yang mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan bibit kopi Liberika hasil sambung pucuk. Percobaan ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap faktorial dengan dua faktor dan empat ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah inokulasi mikoriza (tanpa aplikasi mikoriza dan aplikasi mikoriza gabungan Glomus sp-1a dan Glomus sp-3c) dan  faktor kedua berupa panjang entres (10, 15, 20 dan 25 cm). Parameter yang diamati adalah persentase keberhasilan sambungan, waktu pecah tunas, pertambahan tinggi bibit, pertambahan jumlah daun, jumlah tunas, bobot kering tunas, dan infeksi mikoriza. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan respons bibit kopi Liberika hasil grafting dengan bibit kopi Robusta bermikoriza terbaik diperoleh pada panjang entres 15 cm, sedangkan yang disambungkan dengan Robusta tidak bermikoriza diperoleh pada panjang entres 25 cm. Pertumbuhan bibit kopi Liberika hasil grafting dengan bibit kopi Robusta terbaik pada berbagai panjang entres diperoleh pada kopi Robusta bermikoriza.” The main goal of coffee grafting is to create a crop with the best characteristic of two coffee varieties in one plant. Robusta coffee is used as the rootstock, which is more resistant to constraints and unfavorable conditions in the peatland. The effort to increase rootstock resistance is inoculated by mycorrhizae and grafted with Liberica coffee as the scion. This study aimed to obtain the best scion length in order to increase the growth of Liberica coffee with Robusta coffee as the inoculated rootstock. The experiment used factorial completely randomized design with the first factor was mycorrhizae inoculation (without inoculation and inoculation of Glomus sp-1a and Glomus sp-3c combination) and the second factor was  the length of scion (10, 15, 20 and 25 cm). The variables observed were the percentage of success grafted plants, shoot break time, growth (plant height, number of leave, number of shoots, and shoot dry weight) and mycorrhizae infection. The results showed that the plant inoculated by mycorrhizae and scion lenght of 15 cm gave the best percentage of the success graft, shoot break time, and growth of scion. While, the root stock without inoculation showed the best result with the scion length 25 cm. The best growth of grafted plant was obtained in all scion length with mycorrhizae inoculation. 

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Abu Boiler Kelapa Sawit terhadap Pertumbuhan Tajuk Tanaman Tomat

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-65
Author(s):  
Nurul Hidayati ◽  
Asro Laelani Indrayanti
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Optimal Dosing ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Boiler Ash

The purpose of this research is gaining influence boiler ash on growth and yield of tomatoes, (4) obtain optimal dosing of boiler ash is curuently applied to some media. This research was conducted at Jl. Manjuhan Palangkaraya. The time of this study will last for 4 months This study uses a completely randomized design factorial 2 factors. The first factor is the dose Abu boiler with a 5 stage treotment (without ash, 5 ton.ha-1, l0 ton ha-1, 15 ton.ha-1 and 20 ton.ha-1 . The second factor is the type of media with 3 levels of treatment (Soil sand, soil Podsolid and Peat. The treatment combinotion obtained as-mony as 15 combinations of treatment, with a repeat 3 times. The survey results reveoled that (1) the interaction of growth media and boiler ash dose showed significantly different results against 2,4 dan 6-wieks after planting variables plant height, amount of leaves on the age, 2, 4 and 6 weeks after, plantig, stem diameter at 4 weeks afier planting, and shoot dry weight lastest research. Treatment combination boiler ash 15 ton / ha and peat media (treatment b4t3) provide significant variahles plant height, leaf amount, diameter of stock, and shoot dry weight.

scholarly journals RESPON PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN SENGON (PARASERIANTHES FALCATARIA) TERHADAP PEMBERIAN AMELIORAN PADA MEDIA CAMPURAN TANAH PASCATAMBANG BATU KAPUR

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 262
Author(s):  
Alawiyah Alawiyah ◽  
Slamet Budi Yuwono ◽  
Melya Riniarti ◽  
Dermiyati Dermiyati ◽  
Christine Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Mining Soil ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mining Law

Open mining activities have caused soil damage, water pollution, air pollution, and damage to vegetation. Limestone post mining is a critical area that must be rehabilitated to be productive again. This problems can be fixed by doing land reclamation activities which mandated in the Mining Law Number 4, 2009. The success of land reclamation is largely determined by the choice of plant species and the provision of appropriate soil enhancers (ameliorant). This study was aimed to analyze the growth response of sengon plants on giving ameliorant in mixed limestone post mining soil. This study was designed in completely randomized design for 7 treatments and 3 replications used combination of ameliorant: P0 (without ameliorant); P1 (AH 4 kg ha-1); P2 (BFA 350 kg ha-1); P3 (FMA 500 spores plant-1); P4 (the combination of AH and FMA); P5 (the combination of BFA and FMA); and P6 (the combination of AH, BFA, and FMA). Data were processed by analysis of variance at the 0,05 significance level followed by the Least Significant Difference test. The results showed that the best growth response of sengon on giving ameliorant in mixed limestone post mining soil was P1 treatment (humic acid material) which significantly increased root length, root volume, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, and shoot dry weight in sengon plants. The addition of ameliorant can be recommended to improve the quality of revegetation plants

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