scholarly journals Distribution and Driving Factors of Forest Swamp Conversions in a Cold Temperate Region

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Zhao ◽  
Hong He ◽  
Wen Wang ◽  
Jiping Liu ◽  
Haibo Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Fire Disturbance ◽  
Aggregation Index ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
Great Xing’An Mountains ◽  
Water Recharge

Forest swamps are widely distributed in cold temperate regions, with important landscape and ecological functions. They are prone to conversion caused by complex factors. Forest swamp conversions involve forest swamping, meadow swamping, water body swamping, and conversion to farmland. An understanding of the landscape characteristics and primary environmental factors driving forest swamp conversions is imperative for exploring the mechanism of forest swamp conversions. We investigated the landscape characteristics of forest swamp conversions and quantified the relative importance of environmental factors driving these conversions for the period from 1990 to 2015 in the Great Xing’an Mountains of China. We found that forest swamping displayed high patch numbers (34,916) and density (8.51/100 ha), commonly occurring at the edge of large areas of forests. Meadow swamping was localized with low patch numbers (3613) and density (0.88/100 ha) due to lack of water recharge from ground water. Water body swamping had complex shapes (perimeter area ratio mean = 348.32) because of water table fluctuations and helophyte growth during this conversion process. Conversions to farmland presented fairly regular (perimeter area ratio mean = 289.91) and aggregated (aggregation index = 67.82) characteristics affected by agricultural irrigation and management. We found that climatic and geomorphic factors were relatively important compared to topographic factors for forest swamp conversions. Negative geomorphic conditions provided the waterlogging environment as a precondition of swamp formation. Sufficient precipitation was an important source of water recharge due to the existence of permafrost regions and long-term low temperature reduced the evaporation of swamps water and the decomposition rate of organisms. These wet and cold climatic conditions promoted forest swamp development in cold temperate regions. Humans exerted a relatively important role in forest swamping and conversions to farmland. Fire disturbance and logging accelerated the conversion from forest to swamp. This study provides scientific information necessary for the management and conservation of forest swamp resources in cold temperate regions.

EVALUATING THE EFFICIENCY OF FEEDING BROILER CHICKENS OF THE ARBOR ACRES CROSS IN HOT CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF CHAD

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-82
Author(s):  
M.V. LAZKO ◽  
◽  
ADAM A. ABDERAKHIM
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Geochemical Conditions ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The University

The paper presents the results of evaluating the efficiency of feed rations offered to broilers of the Arbor Acres cross, formed taking into account the climatic, geochemical conditions of Central Africa and its native food flora. The study was conducted on the basis of an experimental farm at the University of N’Djamena, the Republic of Chad. In the experiment, the authors used five formulas of feed rations, which are currently used by farms in the Republic of Chad for growing broiler chickens. They mainly contain locally availble ingredients. To increase the resistance of the poultry organism to unfavorable environmental factors, the chickens of the control and experimental groups were given “TETRACOLIVIT” and “AMIN’TOTAL” vitamins. The efficiency of feed rations was evaluated by determining the age dynamics of live weight, average weekly gains in live weight and blood biochemical parameters of broiler chickens of the Arbor Acres cross from 1 to 42 days of life. The formula of feed ration No. 1 proved to be the most effective in terms of the cross productivity.

Modern problems of regionalization of territories and human adaptation in regions with extreme natural and climatic conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.L. Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Human Adaptation ◽  
Nonspecific Resistance ◽  
Key Words Adaptation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Selection Of

The paper considers modern approaches to the zoning of territories and the selection of people for life in extreme environmental conditions, taking into account modern geopolitical challenges. It is shown that it is possible, based on the allostasis concept, to conduct not only the selection of persons with a high level of nonspecific resistance, but also to quantify the degree of extremity of environmental factors using the standard represpiration test. Key words: adaptation, extreme conditions, selection, hypoxia, cold, rerespiration, allostatic load.

scholarly journals Nested Species Distribution Models of Chlamydiales in Ixodes ricinus (Tick) Hosts in Switzerland

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Estelle Rochat ◽  
Séverine Vuilleumier ◽  
Sébastien Aeby ◽  
Gilbert Greub ◽  
Stéphane Joost
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Distribution Maps

ABSTRACT The tick Ixodes ricinus is the vector of various pathogens, including Chlamydiales bacteria, which potentially cause respiratory infections. In this study, we modeled the spatial distribution of I. ricinus and associated Chlamydiales over Switzerland from 2009 to 2019. We used a total of 2,293 ticks and 186 Chlamydiales occurrences provided by a Swiss Army field campaign, a collaborative smartphone application, and a prospective campaign. For each tick location, we retrieved from Swiss federal data sets the environmental factors reflecting the topography, climate, and land cover. We then used the Maxent modeling technique to estimate the suitability of particular areas for I. ricinus and to subsequently build the nested niche of Chlamydiales bacteria. Results indicate that I. ricinus habitat suitability is determined by higher temperature and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values, lower temperature during the driest months, and a higher percentage of artificial and forest areas. The performance of the model was improved when extracting the environmental variables for a 100-m radius buffer around the sampling points and when considering the climatic conditions of the 2 years previous to the sampling date. Chlamydiales bacteria were favored by a lower percentage of artificial surfaces, drier conditions, high precipitation during the coldest months, and short distances to wetlands. From 2009 to 2018, we observed an extension of areas suitable to ticks and Chlamydiales, associated with a shift toward higher altitude. The importance of considering spatiotemporal variations in the environmental conditions for obtaining better prediction was also demonstrated. IMPORTANCE Ixodes ricinus is the vector of pathogens including the agent of Lyme disease, the tick-borne encephalitis virus, and the less well-known Chlamydiales bacteria, which are responsible for certain respiratory infections. In this study, we identified the environmental factors influencing the presence of I. ricinus and Chlamydiales in Switzerland and generated maps of their distribution from 2009 to 2018. We found an important expansion of suitable areas for both the tick and the bacteria during the last decade. Results also provided the environmental factors that determine the presence of Chlamydiales within ticks. Distribution maps as generated here are expected to bring valuable information for decision makers in controlling tick-borne diseases in Switzerland and establishing prevention campaigns. The methodological framework presented could be used to predict the distribution and spread of other host-pathogen pairs to identify environmental factors driving their distribution and to develop control or prevention strategies accordingly.

The Annual Balance of North Cascade Glaciers, Washington, U.S.A., Measured and Predicted Using An Activity-Index Method

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (117) ◽  
pp. 194-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauri S. Pelto
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Index Method ◽  
The North ◽  
Snow Line ◽  
Accumulation Area Ratio ◽  
Annual Balance

AbstractThe annual balance has been measured for ten North Cascade glaciers in 1983–84, 1984–85, 1985–86, and 1986–87 (1984, 1985, 1986, and 1987). Based on these data, an annual balance prediction method was designed and tested. Comparison of measured versus predicted annual balances indicates an accuracy of ±0.22–0.30 m. The method is based on annual measurement of the accumulation area ratio (AAR), and determination of the perennially constant activity index and area-altitude distribution on each glacier. The accumulation area ratio is determined from aerial and ground photographs at the end of the ablation season. The activity index is identified from observation of the rise of the snow line with time, compared to measured snow depths above the snow line. The AAR-activity index method was used to calculate the annual balance of 47 North Cascade glaciers in 1984, 1985, 1986, and 1987. The mean balance during the 4 year period was —0.33 m.From the mass-balance records, it is apparent that North Cascade glaciers can be divided into six climatic sensitivity groups. Each glacier type responds differently to specific climatic conditions. The mass-balance variation for glaciers of the same type is small.Since 1977, warmer, drier climatic conditions have prevailed in the North Cascades, resulting in the retreat of 42 of the 47 glaciers examined.

scholarly journals Prediction of Spatiotemporal Invasive Risk of the Red Import Fire Ant, Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), in China

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 874
Author(s):  
Jinyue Song ◽  
Hua Zhang ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Wuhong Han ◽  
Yuxin Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Solenopsis Invicta ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Fire Ant ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Maxent Model ◽  
Suitable Area

The red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), is an invasive pest, and it has spread rapidly all over the world. Predicting the suitable area of S. invicta growth in China will provide a reference that will allow for its invasion to be curbed. In this study, based on the 354 geographical distribution records of S. invicta, combined with 24 environmental factors, the suitable areas of S. invicta growth in China under current (2000s) and future (2030s and 2050s) climate scenarios (SSPs1-2.5s, SSPs2-3.5s and SSPs5-8.5s) were predicted by using the optimized MaxEnt model and geo-detector model. An iterative algorithm and knife-cut test were used to evaluate the important environmental factors that restrict the suitable area under the current climatic conditions. This study also used the response curve to determine the appropriate value of environmental factors to further predict the change and the center of gravity transfer of the suitable area under climate change. The optimized MaxEnt model has high prediction accuracy, and the working curve area (AUC) of the subjects is 0.974. Under climatic conditions, the suitable area is 81.37 × 104 km2 in size and is mainly located in the south and southeast of China. The main environmental factors affecting the suitable area are temperature (Bio1, Bio6, and Bio9), precipitation (Bio12 and Bio14) and NDVI. In future climate change scenarios, the total suitable area will spread to higher latitudes. This distribution will provide an important theoretical basis for relevant departments to rapidly prevent and control the invasion of S. invicta.

scholarly journals Modelagem Espacial dos Casos de Dengue e Variáveis Socioambientais em João Pessoa, Cabedelo e Bayeux, Paraíba (Spatial modeling of the dengue cases and socio-environmental variables in João Pessoa, Cabedelo and Bayeux, Paraíba State)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caio Américo Pereira Almeida ◽  
Richarde Marques da S Ilva
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Spatial Behavior ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
World Population ◽  
Nominal Income

Atualmente a população mundial, principalmente das cidades localizadas na zona climática intertropical, está vivendo um sério problema de saúde pública relacionado à transmissão do vírus da dengue. Diante disso, este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o comportamento espacial dos casos de dengue no espaço urbano de João Pessoa, Cabedelo e Bayeux, entre 2011 e 2014, levando em consideração a influência de fatores climáticos e socioambientais. Para a realização deste trabalho foram obtidos dados climáticos no Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET), socioeconômicos no Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e epidemiológicos nas Secretarias Municipais de Saúde dos municípios de João Pessoa, Cabedelo e Bayeux, registrados no SINAN. Entre os elementos climáticos e os fatores socioeconômicos, as variáveis que apresentaram os valores mais significativos de correlação com os casos de dengue foram: umidade do ar, precipitação, moradores em domicílio particular permanente, pessoas responsáveis com rendimento nominal mensal até ½ salário mínimo e pessoas responsáveis com rendimento nominal mensal de ½ até 3 salários mínimos. Neste estudo foram utilizadas as seguintes técnicas estatísticas: (a) coeficiente de determinação (R²) e (b) coeficiente de Pearson (r). Para a análise espacial da ocorrência dos casos de dengue foi utilizado o estimador Kernel. Diante dos resultados encontrados conclui-se que os fatores socioambientais como disposição inadequada de resíduos sólidos, bairros com elevado adensamento populacional e com grande número de pessoas vivendo na faixa de renda baixa, aliados aos condicionantes climáticos, tornaram-se os principais responsáveis à difusão da dengue na área de estudo.   A B S T R A C TCurrently the world population, especially of the cities located in the intertropical climatic zone, is living a serious public health problem related to the transmission of the dengue virus. The objective of this study was to analyze the spatial behavior of dengue cases in the urban space of João Pessoa, Cabedelo and Bayeux between 2011 and 2014, taking into considering the influence of climatic and socio-environmental factors. Aiming the completion of this study were obtained from climatic variables data by National Institute of Meteorology (INMET), socio-economic data by IBGE and epidemiological data through Information System of Notification Diseases (SINAN) obtained in Health Department from João Pessoa, Cabedelo and Bayeux. Among climatic elements and socio-economic factors, the variables that presented the most significant correlation with the dengue cases were: air humidity, precipitation, temperature, permanent residents, responsible persons with monthly nominal income up to ½ minimum wage and responsible persons with nominal income monthly up to 3 minimum wages. In this study statistical techniques was used, such as: (a) coefficient of determination (R²) and (b) Pearson’s coefficient (r). In view of the results found, it is concluded that socio-environmental factors such as inadequate disposal of solid waste, neighborhoods with a high population density and large numbers of people living in the low income range, allied to climatic conditions, have become the main responsible for the diffusion of dengue in the study area.Keywords: Dengue. Urban Space. Statistic. Geospatial Analysis.  

scholarly journals Analysis Of Reed Resource Dynamics In Water Bodies Of Eastern Latvia

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
E. Čubars ◽  
G. Noviks
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Lakes ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Resource Dynamics ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Made In

The paper shows the results obtained during the research of reed dynamics revealing that in Eastern Latvia 20 lakes and pisciculture farms are potentially important for the reed extraction. In 2008, the reed resources there covered a territory of approximately 2300 ha. The ortophoto images of potentially important water bodies made in 1997, 2005 and 2008 were analyzed using the computer program ArcMap. The reed growth develops differently in every water body, but in general the eutrophication of water bodies and the enlargement of reed-covered areas can be observed. The most rapidly the reed occupies new territories in pisciculture farms and shallow lakes. The analysis of reed resource dynamics show that reed-covered areas in this region are expanding every year. The main factors that influence the distribution of reed growths refer to human activities, climatic conditions, hydrological regime in water bodies and natural processes of eutrophication.

scholarly journals RIQUEZA E DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE MACRÓFITAS AQUÁTICAS NO RIO GUARIBAS, PICOS, PIAUÍ

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Welinton Gustavo Moreira de Sousa ◽  
Edson Lourenço da Silva ◽  
Ana Carolina Landim Pacheco ◽  
Tamaris Gimenez Pinheiro ◽  
Maria Carolina de Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Floristic Richness ◽  
Know How ◽  
Biological Richness

As macrófitas aquáticas desempenham importantes funções no ambiente aquático, contribuindo para a estruturação ambiental e para o equilíbrio biológico. O presente estudo teve como objetivo conhecer a riqueza biológica e a distribuição de macrófitas aquáticas no rio Guaribas, município de Picos, Piauí, corpo d’água do semiárido fortemente alterado por ações antrópicas. Para isso, amostras foram coletadas mensalmente em cinco estações no trecho urbano do referido rio, no período de setembro/2018 a fevereiro/2019. Para a coleta dos vegetais utilizou-se um quadrante com lados de 25 cm (0,0625 m2). O material foi conduzido para o Laboratório de Botânica da Universidade Federal do Piauí, campus de Picos, onde foi lavado, separado e identificado. Foram listadas 24 espécies distribuídas em 13 famílias botânicas, entre as quais foram mais representativas: Poaceae (5), Cyperaceae (3), Fabaceae (3), Araceae (2), Convolvulaceae (2) e Polygonaceae (2). As formas biológicas mais comuns foram as anfíbias e emergentes, anfíbias e as flutuantes livres. A maior riqueza florística ocorreu nos meses de fevereiro e setembro com 18 e 16 espécies, respectivamente. Conclui-se que a diversidade de macrófitas aquáticas do rio Guaribas sofreu influência dos fatores ambientais e antrópicos sendo favorecida pelo evento de chuvas, sucessão de espécies e eutrofização do corpo d’água.RICHNESS AND DISTRIBUTION OF AQUATIC MACROPHYTES SPECIES IN THE GUARIBAS RIVER, PICOS, PIAUÍ STATEABSTRACTAquatic macrophytes play important roles in the aquatic environment, contributing to environmental structuring and biological balance. The present study had as objective to know how environmental factors interfere in the biological richness and in the distribution of aquatic macrophytes in theGuaribas river, water body of the semiarid strongly altered by anthropic actions, municipality of Picos, Piauí. For that, samples were collected monthly in five stations in the urban section of the referred river, from September / 2018 to February / 2019. For the sampling of vegetables, a quadrant with sides of 25 cm (0.0625 m2) was used. The material was taken to the Botany Laboratory ofthe Federal University of Piauí, Picos campus, where it was washed, separated and identified. 24 species were listed, distributed in 13 botanical families, among which were most representative: Poaceae (5), Cyperaceae (3), Fabaceae (3), Araceae (2), Convolvulaceae (2) and Polygonaceae (2). The most common biological forms were amphibians and emergent, amphibious and free floating.The greatest floristic richness occurred in the months of February and September with 18 and 16 species, respectively. It is concluded that the diversity of aquatic macrophytes in the Guaribas River was influenced by environmental and anthropic factors, being favored by the event of rains, succession of species and eutrophication of the water body. 

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