scholarly journals Prevalence of Integrons and Insertion Sequences in ESBL-Producing E. coli Isolated from Different Sources in Navarra, Spain

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Pérez-Etayo ◽  
Melibea Berzosa ◽  
David González ◽  
Ana Vitas
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Genetic Elements ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Insertion Sequences ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Genetic Elements ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Different Sources

Mobile genetic elements play an important role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistant bacteria among human and environmental sources. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and patterns of integrons and insertion sequences of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli isolated from different sources in Navarra, northern Spain. A total of 150 isolates coming from food products, farms and feeds, aquatic environments, and humans (healthy people and hospital inpatients), were analyzed. PCRs were applied for the study of class 1, 2, and 3 integrons (intI1, intI2, and intI3), as well as for the determination of insertion sequences (IS26, ISEcp1, ISCR1, and IS903). Results show the wide presence and dissemination of intI1 (92%), while intI3 was not detected. It is remarkable, the prevalence of intI2 among food isolates, as well as the co-existence of class 1 and class 2 (8% of isolates). The majority of isolates have two or three IS elements, with the most common being IS26 (99.4%). The genetic pattern IS26–ISEcp1 (related with the pathogen clone ST131) was present in the 22% of isolates (including human isolates). In addition, the combination ISEcp1–IS26–IS903–ISCR1 was detected in 11 isolates being, to our knowledge, the first study that describes this genetic complex. Due to the wide variability observed, no relationship was determined among these mobile genetic elements and β-lactam resistance. More investigations regarding the genetic composition of these elements are needed to understand the role of multiple types of integrons and insertion sequences on the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes among different environments.

scholarly journals Mobile Genetic Elements Related to the Diffusion of Plasmid-Mediated AmpC β-Lactamases or Carbapenemases from Enterobacteriaceae: Findings from a Multicenter Study in Spain

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 5260-5266 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Zamorano ◽  
E. Miró ◽  
C. Juan ◽  
L. Gómez ◽  
G. Bou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hybridization ◽  
Mobile Genetic Elements ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Genetic Elements ◽  
Chromosomal Origin ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Rapid Dissemination ◽  
Large Plasmids ◽  
Genetic Context

ABSTRACTWe examined the genetic context of 74 acquiredampCgenes and 17 carbapenemase genes from 85 of 640Enterobacteriaceaeisolates collected in 2009. Using S1 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and Southern hybridization, 37 of 74blaAmpCgenes were located on large plasmids of different sizes belonging to six incompatibility groups. We used sequencing and PCR mapping to investigate the regions flanking the acquiredampCgenes. TheblaCMY-2-like genes were associated with ISEcp1; the surroundingblaDHAgenes were similar toKlebsiella pneumoniaeplasmid pTN60013 associated with IS26and thepspandsapoperons; and theblaACC-1genes were associated with IS26elements inserted into ISEcp1. All of the carbapenemase genes (blaVIM-1,blaIMP-22, andblaIMP-28) were located in class 1 integrons. Therefore, although plasmids are the main cause of the rapid dissemination ofampCgenes amongEnterobacteriaceae, we need to be aware that other mobile genetic elements, such as insertion sequences, transposons, or integrons, can be involved in the mobilization of these genes of chromosomal origin. Additionally, three new integrons (In846 to In848) are described in this study.

Transferable drug resistance in bacteria from fish-farm sediments

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1061-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth-Anne Sandaa ◽  
Vigdis Lid Torsvik ◽  
Jostein Goksøyr
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Direct Cell

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria were isolated from sediment samples collected beneath two fish farms west of Bergen (Norway). The samples were collected just after the fish had been treated with oxytetracycline. Eighty-four bacterial isolates were tested for susceptibility to antibacterial agents. Most of the isolates were resistant to oxytetracycline, kanamycin, and sulfamethoxazole. Transferable plasmid-related resistance was shown by direct cell transfer and agarose gel electrophoresis. Among 34 multiple-resistant isolates, 7 isolates were able to transfer resistance to Escherichia coli HB101. Phenotypical characterization indicated that these seven isolates belonged to the genera Vibrio and Pseudomonas. The results indicate that sediments beneath fish farms may serve as a reservoir for transferable antimicrobial resistance genes. Key words: drug resistance, gene transfer, marine sediment bacteria.

scholarly journals Shifts in Abundance and Diversity of Mobile Genetic Elements after the Introduction of Diverse Pesticides into an On-Farm Biopurification System over the Course of a Year

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (13) ◽  
pp. 4012-4020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Dealtry ◽  
Peter N. Holmsgaard ◽  
Vincent Dunon ◽  
Sven Jechalke ◽  
Guo-Chun Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Southern Blot Hybridization ◽  
Mobile Genetic Elements ◽  
Replication Initiation ◽  
Genetic Elements ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
And Shifts

ABSTRACTBiopurification systems (BPS) are used on farms to control pollution by treating pesticide-contaminated water. It is assumed that mobile genetic elements (MGEs) carrying genes coding for enzymes involved in degradation might contribute to the degradation of pesticides. Therefore, the composition and shifts of MGEs, in particular, of IncP-1 plasmids carried by BPS bacterial communities exposed to various pesticides, were monitored over the course of an agricultural season. PCR amplification of total community DNA using primers targeting genes specific to different plasmid groups combined with Southern blot hybridization indicated a high abundance of plasmids belonging to IncP-1, IncP-7, IncP-9, IncQ, and IncW, while IncU and IncN plasmids were less abundant or not detected. Furthermore, the integrase genes of class 1 and 2 integrons (intI1,intI2) and genes encoding resistance to sulfonamides (sul1,sul2) and streptomycin (aadA) were detected and seasonality was revealed. Amplicon pyrosequencing of the IncP-1trfAgene coding for the replication initiation protein revealed high IncP-1 plasmid diversity and an increase in the abundance of IncP-1β and a decrease in the abundance of IncP-1ε over time. The data of the chemical analysis showed increasing concentrations of various pesticides over the course of the agricultural season. As an increase in the relative abundances of bacteria carrying IncP-1β plasmids also occurred, this might point to a role of these plasmids in the degradation of many different pesticides.

scholarly journals Seasonal resistome diversity and dissemination of WHO priority antibiotic-resistant pathogens in Lebanese estuaries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wadad Hobeika ◽  
Margaux Gaschet ◽  
Marie-Cecile Ploy ◽  
Elena Buelow ◽  
Dolla Karam Sarkis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Key Drivers

Anthropogenic activities are demonstrated to be the key drivers of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) dissemination in the environment. Lebanese rivers that lead to the Mediterranean Sea were sampled at estuaries sites, under high anthropogenic pressure, in spring 2017 and winter 2018 to study seasonal variation of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARBs) and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Methods: A combined approach using culture techniques and high throughput qPCR identified hotspots for antimicrobial resistance and anthropogenic pressure in particular locations along the Lebanese coast. Results: Multi-resistant Gram-negative (Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas spp) and Gram-positive bacterial pathogens were isolated. A high abundance of certain ARGs (vanB, blaBIC-1, blaGES, tetM, and mcr-1) was detected in 5 Lebanese estuaries. The relative abundance of ARGs was highest in winter and areas with high anthropogenic activities and population growth with an influx of refugees. Conclusion: Qualitative analysis of ARB and the analysis of the Lebanese estuaries resistome revealed critical levels of contamination with pathogenic bacteria and provided significant information about the spread of ARGs in anthropogenically impacted estuaries.

scholarly journals Chromosomal Integration of Huge and Complex blaNDM-Carrying Genetic Elements in Enterobacteriaceae

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinhua Luo ◽  
Zhe Yin ◽  
Lijun Zeng ◽  
Lingfei Hu ◽  
Xiaoyuan Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Mobile Genetic Elements ◽  
The Other ◽  
Insertion Sequences ◽  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
Chromosomal Integration ◽  
Genetic Elements ◽  
Related Element

In this study, a detailed genetic dissection of the huge and complex blaNDM-carrying genetic elements and their related mobile genetic elements was performed in Enterobacteriaceae. An extensive comparison was applied to 12 chromosomal genetic elements, including six sequenced in this study and the other six from GenBank. These 12 genetic elements were divided into five groups: a novel IME Tn6588; two related IMEs Tn6523 (SGI1) and Tn6589; four related ICEs Tn6512 (R391), Tn6575 (ICEPvuChnBC22), Tn6576, and Tn6577; Tn7 and its derivatives Tn6726 and 40.7-kb Tn7-related element; and two related IMEs Tn6591 (GIsul2) and Tn6590. At least 51 resistance genes, involved in resistance to 18 different categories of antibiotics and heavy metals, were found in these 12 genetic elements. Notably, Tn6576 carried another ICE Tn6582. In particular, the six blaNDM-carrying genetic elements Tn6588, Tn6589, Tn6575, Tn6576, Tn6726, and 40.7-kb Tn7-related element contained large accessory multidrug resistance (MDR) regions, each of which had a very complex mosaic structure that comprised intact or residual mobile genetic elements including insertion sequences, unit or composite transposons, integrons, and putative resistance units. Core blaNDM genetic environments manifested as four different Tn125 derivatives and, notably, two or more copies of relevant Tn125 derivatives were found in each of Tn6576, Tn6588, Tn6589, and 40.7-kb Tn7-related element. The huge and complex blaNDM-carrying genetic elements were assembled from complex transposition and homolog recombination. Firstly identified were eight novel mobile elements, including three ICEs Tn6576, Tn6577, and Tn6582, two IMEs, Tn6588 and Tn6589, two composite transposons Tn6580a and Tn6580b, and one integron In1718.

Characterization and Horizontal Transfer of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes and Integrons in Bacteria Isolated from Cooked Meat Products in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (12) ◽  
pp. 2048-2055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Yu ◽  
Xiaobing Jiang ◽  
Yu Liang ◽  
Yanping Zhu ◽  
Jinhe Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Integrase Gene ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Cooked Meat ◽  
Cooked Meat Products

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate antimicrobial resistance and the presence and transferability of corresponding resistance genes and integrons in bacteria isolated from cooked meat samples in the People's Republic of China. A total of 150 isolates (22 species belonging to 15 genera) were isolated from 49 samples. Resistance of these isolates to antimicrobials was commonly observed; 42.7, 36.0, and 25.3% of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline, streptomycin, and ampicillin, respectively. Multidrug resistance was observed in 41 (27.3%) of the isolates. Sixteen resistance genes, i.e., blaTEM-1 and blaCTX-M-14 (β-lactams), aac(3)-IIa (gentamicin), strA and strB (streptomycin), qnrB and qnrS (fluoroquinolone), sul1, sul2, and sul3 (sulfamethoxazole), cat1 and cat2 (chloramphenicol), and tetM, tetA, tetS, and tetB (tetracycline), were found in 54 isolates. One isolate of Pseudomonas putida carried qnrB, and sequence analysis of the PCR product revealed 96% identity to qnrB2. The qnr genes were found coresiding and were cotransferred with bla genes in two isolates. Twelve isolates were positive for the class 1 integrase gene, and four isolates carried the class 2 integrase gene. However, no class 3 integrase gene was detected. One isolate of Proteus mirabilis carried dfrA32-ereA-aadA2, and this unusual array could be transferred to Escherichia coli. Nonclassic class 1 integrons lacking qacEΔ1 and sul1 genes were found in 2 of the 12 intI1-positive isolates. Our results revealed the presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in cooked meats and the presence and transferability of resistance genes in some isolates, suggesting that cooked meat products may act as reservoirs of drug-resistant bacteria and may facilitate the spread of resistance genes.

scholarly journals Untreated Liquid Hospital Waste: Potential Source of Multidrug Resistant Bacteria

2016 ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Md Kamruzzaman Siddiqui ◽  
Nazma Khatoon ◽  
Pravas Chandra Roy
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

Antimicrobial resistance in both pathogenic and commensal bacteria is increasing steadily. Failure of antibiotic resistant bacteria containment is responsible for this expansion. Healthcare effluent acts as the store house of harmful infectious pathogens. Potential health risk includes spreading of diseases by these pathogens and wide dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes. The present study was carried out to investigate the multiple-drug resistance among the bacterial strains that were isolated and identified from the effluents of Jessore Medical College Hospital & Jessore Queen’s hospital private limited. Identified bacteria were E. coli , Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Proteus vulgaris and Salmonella spp.. Occurrence of E. coli and Enterobacter spp. were found to have the highest percentages and present in majority of the samples. The identified organisms antibiotic resistant pattern were analyzed by agar disc diffusion method against 6 antibiotics. Results of antibiotic susceptibility test showed that all of the isolates were multi-drug resistant (e”4). From the study, we observed that 75% of the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, followed by Ampicillin (64%), Chloramphenicol (31%), Gentamycin (29%), Nitrofurantoin (27%) and least resistant being Ciprofloxacin 23%. Among the isolates Salmonella spp. were showed highest rate of resistance against all the used antibiotics. The result denotes that, the identified bacteria have been well exposed to the tested antimicrobials and they have established mechanisms to avoid them. Therefore, proper waste water treatment plant should be established to diminish the risk of disseminating multiple drug resistant microorganisms for the safeguard of public health.Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 32, Number 1-2,June-Dec 2015, pp 21-24

scholarly journals Influence of industrial contamination on mobile genetic elements: class 1 integron abundance and gene cassette structure in aquatic bacterial communities

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith S Wright ◽  
Craig Baker-Austin ◽  
Angela H Lindell ◽  
Ramunas Stepanauskas ◽  
Hatch W Stokes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Gene Cassette ◽  
Mobile Genetic Elements ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
Industrial Contamination ◽  
Genetic Elements ◽  
Class 1

scholarly journals Molecular Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance among Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Diarrhoeic Calves in Egypt

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1712
Author(s):  
Abdel-Moamen E. Meshref ◽  
Ibrahim E. Eldesoukey ◽  
Abdulaziz S. Alouffi ◽  
Saleh A. Alrashedi ◽  
Salama A. Osman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
M Gene ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Shigella Spp

The present study was designed to investigate the presence of genes that conferred resistance to antimicrobials among Enterobacteriaceae that were isolated from diarrhoeic calves. A total of 120 faecal samples were collected from diarrhoeic calves that were raised in Kafr El-Sheikh governorate, Egypt. The samples were screened for Enterobacteriaceae. A total of 149 isolates of bacteria were recovered and identified; Escherichia coli was found to be the most overwhelming species, followed by Citrobacter diversus, Shigella spp., Serratia spp., Providencia spp., Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus spp., Klebsiella oxytoca, and Morganella morganii. All isolates were tested for susceptibility to 12 antimicrobials; resistant and intermediately resistant strains were screened by conventional polymerase chain reaction for the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes. Of the 149 isolates, 37 (24.8%) exhibited multidrug resistant phenotypes. The most prevalent multidrug resistant species were E. coli, C. diversus, Serratia spp., K. pneumoniae, Shigella spp., Providencia spp., and K. oxytoca. Class 1 integrons were detected in 28 (18.8%) isolates. All isolates were negative for class 2 integrons. The blaTEM gene was identified in 37 (24.8%) isolates, whereas no isolates carried the blaCTX-M gene. The florfenicol gene (floR) was detected in two bacterial isolates (1.3%). The findings of this study reveal that calves may act as potential reservoirs of multidrug resistant bacteria that can be easily transmitted to humans.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document