Is a One Health Approach Utilized for Q Fever Control? A Comprehensive Literature Review

Q fever, a zoonotic disease transmitted from animals to humans, is a significant public health problem with a potential for outbreaks to occur. Q fever prevention strategies should incorporate human, animal, and environmental domains. A One Health approach, which engages cross-sectoral collaboration among multiple stakeholders, may be an appropriate framework and has the underlying principles to control Q fever holistically. To assess whether components of One Health for Q fever prevention and control have been applied, a comprehensive literature review was undertaken. We found 16 studies that had practiced or recommended a One Health approach. Seven emerging themes were identified: Human risk assessment, human and animal serology, integrated human–animal surveillance, vaccination for at-risk groups, environmental management, multi-sectoral collaboration, and education and training. Within the multi-sectoral theme, we identified five subthemes: Policy and practice guidelines, information sharing and intelligence exchange, risk communication, joint intervention, and evaluation. One Health practices varied between studies possibly due to differences in intercountry policy, practice, and feasibility. However, the key issue of the need for multi-sectoral collaboration was highlighted across most of the studies. Further research is warranted to explore the barriers and opportunities of adopting a One Health approach in Q fever prevention and control.

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A community-based randomized trial for the prevention and control of brucellosis among rural populations in Iran: application of the PRECEDE planning model

10.21203/rs.2.13991/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Leila Jahangiry ◽

Maryam Khazaee-Pool ◽

Towhid Babazadeh ◽

Parvin Sarbakhsh ◽

Koen Ponnet

Keyword(s):

Prevention And Control ◽

Intervention Program ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Animal Health ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Control Program ◽

Control Group ◽

Community Based ◽

History Of ◽

And Control

Abstract Background: Brucellosis is one of the most frequently occurring zoonotic diseases of veterinary and a public health problem in developing countries. It affects human and animal health and has measurable effects on the productive and reproductive performance of livestock. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to develop a community-based intervention program for brucellosis prevention and control. A two-arm parallel cluster randomized controlled trial investigated the effectiveness of the program over six months in a rural population in Ahar, East Azerbaijan, Iran. A total of 16 village health houses were randomly allocated to the intervention and the control groups (eight per arm), and 400 participants were recruited via household health records in the health houses. The PRECEDE model, which is an acronym for Predisposing, Reinforcing and Enabling Constructs in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation, was used to design, implement, and evaluate the brucellosis prevention and control program. Knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, social support, environmental enabling, and behavioral factors were measured at the baseline and the six-month follow-up. A generalized mixed effects model was used to analyze data. Results: The mean ages (SD) of the intervention and control group respondents were 35.9 (11.87) and 37.28 (11.04) years, respectively. After the six-month intervention, significant between-group differences were found on all PRECEDE variables, adjusted for education, history of brucellosis, and family history of brucellosis. Conclusion: There is a need to consolidate collaborative health and veterinary sector efforts, as well as increase regular vaccination practices and financial resources to support farmers willing to slaughter animals and/or offer slaughter facilities. The present study was able to demonstrate which educational and ecological factors influence behaviors and environments related to brucellosis and, as such, provide evidence of the effectiveness of interventions based on the PROCEDE model.

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SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19: Salient Facts and Strategies to Combat Ongoing Pandemic

Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology ◽

10.22207/jpam.14.3.04 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 1663-1674

Author(s):

Ranjit Sah ◽

Nayanum Pokhrel ◽

Zareena Fathah ◽

Akihiko Ozaki ◽

Divya Bhandari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

One Health ◽

Close Contact ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Virus Spread ◽

Intermediate Hosts ◽

Affected Person ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

And Control

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus – 2 (SARS-CoV-2), an emerging novel coronavirus causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has now rapidly spread to more than 215 countries and has killed nearly 0.75 million people out of more than 20 million confirmed cases as of 10th August, 2020. Apart from affecting respiratory system, the virus has shown multiple manifestations with neurological affections and damaging kidneys. SARS-CoV-2 transmission mainly occurs through close contact of COVID-19 affected person, however air-borne route is also now considered as dominant route of virus spread. The virus has been implicated to have originated from animals. Apart from bats, pangolins and others being investigates to play role in transmitting SARS-CoV-2 as intermediate hosts, the recent reports of this virus infection in other animals (cats, dogs, tigers, lions, mink) suggest one health approach implementation along with adopting appropriate mitigation strategies. Researchers are pacing to develop effective vaccines and drugs, few reached to clinical trials also, however these may take time to reach the mass population, and so till then adopting appropriate prevention and control is the best option to avoid SARS-CoV-2 infection. This article presents an overview on this pandemic virus and the disease it causes, with few recent concepts and advances.

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‘One Health’ Actors in Multifaceted Health Systems: An Operational Case for India

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare8040387 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 387

Author(s):

Sandul Yasobant ◽

Walter Bruchhausen ◽

Deepak Saxena ◽

Timo Falkenberg

Keyword(s):

Health System ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

One Health ◽

District Level ◽

Network Density ◽

Second Phase ◽

Local Health ◽

Zoonotic Infections ◽

And Control ◽

The City

The surging trend of (re)emerging diseases urges for the early detection, prevention, and control of zoonotic infections through the One Health (OH) approach. The operationalization of the OH approach depends on the contextual setting, the presence of the actors across the domains of OH, and the extent of their involvement. In the absence of national operational guidelines for OH in India, this study aims to identify potential actors with an attempt to understand the current health system network strength (during an outbreak and non-outbreak situations) at the local health system of Ahmedabad, India. This case study adopted a sequential mixed methods design conducted in two phases. First, potential actors who have been involved directly or indirectly in zoonoses prevention and control were identified through in-depth interviews. A network study was conducted as part of the second phase through a structured network questionnaire. Interest and influence matrix, average degree, network density, and degree of centralization were calculated through Atlas.Ti (ATLAS.ti Scientific Software Development GmbH, Berlin, Germany), UCINET (Analytic Technologies, Lexington, KY, USA) software. The identified actors were categorized based on power, administrative level (either at the city or district level), and their level of action: administrative (policy planners, managers), providers (physicians, veterinarians), and community (health workers, community leaders). The matrix indicated that administrative actors from the district level were ‘context setters’ and the actors from the city level were either ‘players’ or ‘subjects’. The network density showed a strength of 0.328 during the last outbreak of H5N1, which decreased to 0.163 during the non-outbreak situation. Overall, there was low collaboration observed in this study, which ranged from communication (during non-outbreaks) to coordination (during outbreaks). The private and non-governmental actors were not integrated into collaborative activities. This study concludes that not only collaboration is needed for OH among the sectors pertaining to the human and the animal health system but also better structured (‘inter-level’) collaboration across the governance levels for effective implementation.

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Taking action on prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases in Bhutan by strengthening gross national happiness

Bhutan Health Journal ◽

10.47811/bhj.69 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 46-50

Author(s):

Gyambo Sithey ◽

Anne Marie Thow ◽

Jayendra Sharma ◽

Karma Lhazin ◽

Mu Li

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Action Plan ◽

Health Sector ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Noncommunicable Diseases ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Gross National Happiness ◽

National Happiness ◽

And Control

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are major public health problem in Bhutan, accounting for 68% of total deaths. The growing epidemic of NCDs threatens the achievement of Gross National Happiness (GNH). NCDs are the results of complex interaction of social and economic risk factors and change in diet and lifestyle. Effective action to prevent and control these diseases requires a whole-of-government approach.In this paper we review new evidence to support political priority for NCDs in Bhutan. One third of the Bhutanese are overweight (33%) and hypertensive (35.7), and 6.4% are diabetic. The prevalence of modifiable risk factors is also very high. We also present the analysis of strategic policy opportunities for health sector to integrate the ‘Multisectoral national action plan for the prevention and control of NCDs, 2015-2020’ into policies across all relevant sectors. Our analysis has identified three specific opportunities for the health sector to engage strategically to strengthen action on NCDs and GNH, concurrently: 1) raising priority actions on NCDs within the existing GNH multisectoral committee, to achieve both health and happiness objectives; 2) identifying shared agenda between NCDs and GNH to achieve both health and happiness objectives; and 3) identifying shared GNH determinants between NCDs and GNH to enhance action on NCDs. Addressing NCDs aligns with the optimization of Gross National Happiness. It is imperative that the Government of Bhutan recognize that action on NCDs is an integral element for achieving GNH.

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Prevalence and temporal trend (2005–2015) of anaemia among children in Northeast Brazil

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980017003238 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 868-876 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Regina Coeli da Silva Vieira ◽

Aline Roberta Silva do Livramento ◽

Monique Suiane Cavalcante Calheiros ◽

Carla Mariana Xavier Ferreira ◽

Tamara Rodrigues dos Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prevention And Control ◽

Temporal Trend ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Prevalence Ratio ◽

Control Programme ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

And Control ◽

Moderate Magnitude

AbstractObjectiveAnaemia is the main nutritional deficiency in Brazil, and a prevention and control programme (National Program for Iron Supplementation) has been developed since 2005. Studies on the temporal evolution of anaemia prevalence contribute to assessment of the effectiveness of the actions undertaken. The present study aimed to identify the prevalence and temporal trend of anaemia in children.DesignStudy based on two cross-sectional household surveys carried out in 2005 and 2015. Anaemia was defined as Hb<11 g/dl (HemoCue®). Trend analysis was performed using the prevalence ratio (PR), calculated by Poisson regression with a robust adjustment of the variance. Differences were significant when P<0·05 in both crude analyses and those adjusted for possible confounding factors (e.g. socio-economic, demographic and health variables).SettingAlagoas, Brazil.SubjectsIn total, 666 and 782 children in the first and second Alagoas State Health and Nutrition Survey, respectively (probabilistic samples).ResultsIn 2005 and 2015, anaemia prevalence was 45·1 and 27·4 %, respectively (−39·1 %; PR=0·61; 95 % CI 0·52, 0·70). In both surveys, children aged ≤24 months were more affected (P<0·01) than those aged >24 months (67·2 v. 40·7 %; 27·0 v. 19·3 %, respectively).ConclusionsThe prevalence of anaemia reduced significantly in the evaluated period. Thus, it may no longer be a severe public health problem but can instead be considered a problem of moderate magnitude. It remains, however, above the level considered acceptable according to WHO criteria. These results justify the implementation of prevention and control actions.

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Hybrid methodology for tuberculosis incidence time-series forecasting based on ARIMA and a NAR neural network

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268816003216 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 145 (6) ◽

pp. 1118-1129 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

K. W. WANG ◽

C. DENG ◽

J. P. LI ◽

Y. Y. ZHANG ◽

X. Y. LI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Time Series ◽

Hybrid Model ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Time Series Data ◽

Arima Model ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Series Data ◽

Percentage Error ◽

And Control

SUMMARYTuberculosis (TB) affects people globally and is being reconsidered as a serious public health problem in China. Reliable forecasting is useful for the prevention and control of TB. This study proposes a hybrid model combining autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) with a nonlinear autoregressive (NAR) neural network for forecasting the incidence of TB from January 2007 to March 2016. Prediction performance was compared between the hybrid model and the ARIMA model. The best-fit hybrid model was combined with an ARIMA (3,1,0) × (0,1,1)12 and NAR neural network with four delays and 12 neurons in the hidden layer. The ARIMA-NAR hybrid model, which exhibited lower mean square error, mean absolute error, and mean absolute percentage error of 0·2209, 0·1373, and 0·0406, respectively, in the modelling performance, could produce more accurate forecasting of TB incidence compared to the ARIMA model. This study shows that developing and applying the ARIMA-NAR hybrid model is an effective method to fit the linear and nonlinear patterns of time-series data, and this model could be helpful in the prevention and control of TB.

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Neonatal SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Congenital Myocarditis: A Case Report and Literature Review

Archives of Pediatric Infectious Diseases ◽

10.5812/pedinfect.103504 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Reza Amiraskari ◽

Elaheh Sayarifard ◽

Hamed Kharrazi ◽

Neda Naserfar ◽

Azadeh Sayarifard

Keyword(s):

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Literature Review ◽

Vertical Transmission ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Cardiac Injury ◽

Insufficient Evidence ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Case Presentation ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

And Control

Introduction: With the outbreak of coronavirus 2019 (SARS-COV-2), the prevention and control of SARS-COV-2 infection in pregnant women and the potential risk of vertical transmission has become a major concern. Case Presentation: We report the case of a newborn in Iran with the manifestations of myocarditis at birth. The diagnosis of SARS-COV-2 infection was confirmed for the mother and the neonate by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) using a pharyngeal specimen. Conclusions: Based on our literature review, there is still insufficient evidence to determine the effect of SARS-COV-2 infection on the fetus. Given the possibility of cardiac injury in SARS-COV-2 disease and manifestation of congenital myocarditis in our case, maternal vertical transmission of SARS-COV-2 could be considered.

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Infection prevention guidelines and considerations for paediatric risk groups when reopening primary schools during COVID-19 pandemic, Norway, April 2020

Eurosurveillance ◽

10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.22.2000921 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (22) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Tone Bjordal Johansen ◽

Elisabeth Astrup ◽

Solveig Jore ◽

Hege Nilssen ◽

Bente Barton Dahlberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Transmission ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Infection Prevention ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Infection Prevention And Control ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

School Closures ◽

Prevention Guidelines ◽

And Control

In response to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, most countries implemented school closures. In Norway, schools closed on 13 March 2020. The evidence of effect on disease transmission was limited, while negative consequences were evident. Before reopening, risk-assessment for paediatric risk groups was performed, concluding that most children can attend school with few conditions requiring preventative homeschooling. We here present infection prevention and control guidelines for primary schools and recommendations for paediatric risk groups.

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Six Year Trend Analysis of Malaria Prevalence in Bati District, Northeastern Ethiopia: A Retrospective Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-624263/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chala Daba ◽

Edosa Kebede ◽

Amanuel Atamo ◽

Semere Reda

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Trend Analysis ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Control Method ◽

Malaria Incidence ◽

Scale Up ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Malaria Prevalence ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

And Control

Abstract Background: Malaria is still the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries including Ethiopia. Ethiopia is planned to minimize forty percent of malaria incidence at the end of 2020 by applying different prevention and control method. There is limited information about trend of malaria in the study area. Therefore, this study was designed to address this gap. Methods: Institutional based retrospective study was conducted from to determine a six-year trend analysis of malaria prevalence in the Bati district. All malaria cases were carefully reviewed by trained laboratory technologists from the laboratory record books of Bati hospital and health center. The data was entered in to excel 2013 and descriptive statistics were used to determine frequencies and percentages of malaria cases, trends of malaria transmission in terms of years and seasonal distribution. Result: A total of 84,269 and 22,185 malaria suspected patients were requested for blood films and Rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) respectively. Of this, 12,032 (11.3%) malaria cases were microscopically confirmed. Plasmodium falciparum were the most dominant parasite detected, which accounted for 57.6 %. The highest peak of malaria cases was reported during the summer season. The majority of the cases (57.2%) were reported among the >15 years age groupConclusion: Malaria is still a major public health problem in the study area. In order to decrease the number of malaria cases further, government, all healthcare workers, and community should strengthen and scale up malaria prevention and control strategies in the study area.

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