Going beyond Quietness: Determining the Emotionally Restorative Effect of Acoustic Environments in Urban Open Public Spaces

The capacity of natural settings to promote psychological restoration has attracted increasing research attention, especially with regards to the visual dimension. However, there is a need to extend these studies to urban settings, such as squares, parks or gardens, due to the global trend towards urbanisation, and to integrate the dimension of sound into landscape. Such was the main aim of this study, in which 53 participants assessed four public spaces in Vitoria-Gasteiz (Spain) as part of the CITI-SENSE Project (137 observations were used for analysis). A smartphone application was used to simultaneously collect objective and subjective data. The results show that at the end of the urban environmental experience, there was a statistically significant reduction in negative emotions and perceived stress, and a slight increase in positive emotions. Emotional restoration was mainly associated with prior emotional states, but also with global environmental comfort and acoustic comfort. The soundscape characteristics that contributed to greater emotional restoration and a reduction in perceived stress were pleasantness, calm, fun and naturalness. Therefore, in agreement with previous research, the findings of the present study indicate that besides contributing to the quietness of the urban environment, the urban soundscape can promote psychological restoration in users of these spaces.

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Estimation of Determinants of Farmland Abandonment and Its Data Problems

Land ◽

10.3390/land10060596 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 596

Author(s):

Shinichi Kitano

Keyword(s):

Census Data ◽

Evaluation Research ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Third Party ◽

Objective Data ◽

Farmland Abandonment ◽

Subjective Data ◽

Research Attention ◽

Abandoned Farmland ◽

The Impact

Abandoned farmland is particularly problematic in developed countries where agriculture has a comparative disadvantage in terms of effective use of land resources invested over time. While many studies have estimated the causes of these problems, few have discussed in detail the impact of data characteristics and accuracy on the estimation results. In this study, issues related to the underlying data and the estimation of the determinants of farmland abandonment were examined. Most previous studies on farmland abandonment in Japan have used census data as the basis of their analyses. However, census data are recorded subjectively by farmers. To address this, surveys of abandoned farmland are being conducted by a third party, and the results are compiled into a geographic information system (GIS) database. Two types of datasets (subjective census data and objective GIS data) were examined for their estimation performance. Although the two sets of data are correlated, there are considerable differences between them. Subjective variables are compatible with subjective data, and objective variables are compatible with objective data (meaning that parameters are easily identified). Original data for analysis, such as policy variables, are compatible with objective data. In policy evaluation research, attention should be paid to objective data collection.

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Using Virtual Soundwalk Approach for Assessing Sound Art Soundscape Interventions in Public Spaces

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10062102 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 2102

Author(s):

Tin Oberman ◽

Kristian Jambrošić ◽

Marko Horvat ◽

Bojana Bojanić Obad Šćitaroci

Keyword(s):

Public Space ◽

Public Spaces ◽

Cultural Factors ◽

Sound Art ◽

Subjective Responses ◽

The Public ◽

First Order ◽

Sound Source Identification ◽

Acoustic Environments ◽

Positive Effect

This paper discusses the soundscape assessment approaches to soundscape interventions with musical features introduced to public spaces as permanent sound art, with a focus on the ISO 12913 series, Method A for data collection applied in a laboratory study. Three soundscape interventions in three cities are investigated. The virtual soundwalk is used to combine the benefits of the on-site and laboratory settings. Two measurement points per location were recorded—one at a position where the intervention was clearly perceptible, the other further away to serve as a baseline condition. The participants (N = 44) were exposed to acoustic environments (N = 6) recorded using the first-order Ambisonics microphone on-site and then reproduced via the second-order Ambisonics system in laboratory. A series of rank-based Kruskal–Wallis tests were performed on the results of the subjective responses. Results revealed a statistically significant positive effect on soundscape at two locations, and limitations related to sound source identification due to cultural factors and geometrical configuration of the public space at one location.

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Temporal dependency of emotional states at work and its relationship with dynamic performance

Social Psychological Bulletin ◽

10.32872/spb.2975 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Evelina De Longis ◽

Guido Alessandri

Keyword(s):

Organizational Behavior ◽

Psychological Functioning ◽

Positive Emotions ◽

Negative Emotions ◽

Dynamic Performance ◽

Well Being ◽

Emotional States ◽

Emotion Dynamics ◽

Affective Experiences ◽

And Performance

Emotion dynamics, how people’s emotions fluctuate across time, represent a key source of information about people’s psychological functioning and well-being. Investigating emotion dynamics in the workplace is particularly relevant, as affective experiences are intimately connected to organizational behavior and effectiveness. In this study, we examined the moderating role of emotional inertia in the dynamic association between both positive and negative emotions and self-rated job performance among a sample of 120 Italian workers (average age 41.4, SD = 14), which were prompted six times per day, for five working days. Emotional inertia refers to the extent that emotional states are self-predictive or carry on over time and is measured in terms of the autocorrelation of emotional states across time. Although inertia has been linked to several indicators of maladjustment, little is known about its correlates in terms of organizational behavior. Findings revealed that workers reporting high levels of positive emotions and high inertia rated their performance lower than workers high in positive emotions, but low in inertia. In contrast, the relation between negative emotions and performance was not significant for either high levels of inertia or low levels of inertia. Taken together, these results suggest the relevance of investigating the temporal dependency of emotional states at work.

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Uncertainty makes me emotional: Uncertainty as an elicitor and modulator of emotional states

10.31234/osf.io/ycmt4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jayne Morriss ◽

Emma Tupitsa ◽

Helen Dodd ◽

Colette Hirsch

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Everyday Life ◽

Positive Emotions ◽

Online Survey ◽

Vital Role ◽

Emotional States ◽

Fear And Anxiety

Uncertainty and emotion are an inevitable part of everyday life and play a vital role in mental health. Yet, our understanding of how uncertainty and emotion interact is limited. Here, an online survey was conducted (n = 231) to examine whether uncertainty evokes and modulates a range of negative and positive emotions. The data show that uncertainty is predominantly associated with negative emotional states such as fear/anxiety. However, uncertainty was also found to modulate a variety of other negative (i.e. sadness/upset, anger/frustration, confusion) and positive (i.e. surprise/interest and excited/enthusiastic) emotional states, depending on the valence of an anticipated outcome (i.e. negative, positive) and the sub parameter of uncertainty (i.e. risk and ambiguity). Uncertainty increased the intensity of negative emotional states and decreased the intensity of positive emotional states. These findings support prior research suggesting that uncertainty is aversive and associated with negative emotional states such as fear and anxiety. However, the findings also revealed that uncertainty is involved in eliciting and modulating a wide array of emotional phenomena beyond fear and anxiety. This study highlights an opportunity for further study of how uncertainty and emotion interactions are conceptualised generally and in relation to mental health.

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The role of emotional service in the restaurant business

Vestnik Universiteta ◽

10.26425/1816-4277-2021-11-164-167 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 164-167

Author(s):

N. A. Ofitserova

Keyword(s):

Emotional Intelligence ◽

Customer Satisfaction ◽

Emotional Labor ◽

Work Performance ◽

Positive Emotions ◽

Emotional State ◽

Communicative Competence ◽

Point Of View ◽

Emotional States

The article considers the restaurant business from the point of view of not only the entrepreneurial aspect, but also the service aspect, which is fundamental. The reasons why people visit restaurants have been revealed. In addition to physical need, restaurants are an element of cognition and a way of experiencing positive emotions. The importance of the restaurant business in shaping people’s positive emotional state has been formulated. Two forms of emotional labor of an employee and the influence of emotional states on work performance have been highlighted. The role of emotional intelligence and communicative competence in customer satisfaction with a restaurant visit has been determined. The importance of developing emotional intelligence has been concluded. Recommendations for its development has been formulated.

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Dysregulation of emotions among pathological gamblers: The role of savoring

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.449 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S394-S394

Author(s):

G. Rogier ◽

P. Velotti

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Pathological Gambling ◽

Emotion Dysregulation ◽

Positive Emotions ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Emotional States ◽

Pathological Gamblers ◽

Difficulties In Emotion Regulation ◽

Regulation Strategies

IntroductionTheories have conceptualized pathological gambling as an attempt to cope with emotional states. However, there is a lack of research about emotion dysregulation in this population. In a similar way, few is known about the nature of emotion regulation strategies used by pathological gamblers. Furthermore, it is not clear if pathological gamblers have difficulties to regulate negative emotions (as sadness) or positive ones (as excitement).ObjectivesWe sought to explore the associations among pathological gambling, emotion dysregulation and different types of emotion regulation strategies, comparing a clinical sample with community participants.AimsTo highlight similarities and differences in emotion dysregulation between pathological gamblers and healthy participants.MethodsA sample of pathological gamblers and a sample of healthy men, were administered the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Difficulties in Emotion regulation Scale-Positive (DERS-P), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and the Ways of Savoring Checklist (WOSC).ResultsAs expected, both levels of emotion dysregulation and suppression were significantly higher in the clinical sample while levels of savoring and reappraisal were significantly higher in the community sample.ConclusionsSuch results confirm the theorization of pathological gambling as a dysfunctional response to emotional states and underline the role of positive emotions. Specifically, pathological gamblers may be prone to suppress negative emotions instead to engage in functional strategies as reappraisal. Gamblers also fail to regulate positive emotions showing a poor capacity of savoring positive moments.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Managing Emotions

Managing Substance Use Disorder ◽

10.1093/med-psych/9780190926717.003.0011 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 101-110

Author(s):

Dennis C. Daley ◽

Antoine Douaihy

Keyword(s):

Positive Emotions ◽

Coping Skills ◽

Initial Period ◽

Emotional States ◽

Life Problems ◽

Interpersonal Difficulties ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Drug Free ◽

Over Time

An emotion that is prolonged or persists over time is referred to as a mood. Emotions or moods that are too intense, extreme, or chronic and that cause problems in life often need to be addressed as part of ongoing substance use recovery. An overall goal of recovery is to reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, although any emotion can have a positive or negative effect depending on the circumstance. Negative emotional states can also be exacerbated by physical withdrawal, in addition to life problems, stresses, and interpersonal difficulties. These emotions are also associated with the initial period of becoming drug-free. The objectives of this chapter are to identify the role of negative and positive emotions in recovery and relapse, to help clients identify high-risk emotional issues (specific emotions or deficits in coping skills) to address in recovery, and to help clients learn appropriate strategies to manage emotions.

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Pre-performance emotions and music performance anxiety beliefs in young musicians

Research Studies in Music Education ◽

10.1177/1321103x19830098 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 77-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Julia Kaleńska-Rodzaj

Keyword(s):

Music Education ◽

Positive Emotions ◽

Guided Imagery ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Negative Emotions ◽

Music Performance ◽

Performance Anxiety ◽

Emotional States ◽

Music Performance Anxiety ◽

Practical Implications

The aim of this study is to investigate the structure and complexity of emotional states experienced by young musicians before entering the stage and to explain the influence of emotional beliefs on their pre-performance emotions. Emotions were elicited with a guided imagery induction, where 222 students aged 9- to 12-years-old recalled their most recent concert memory. They described their emotions on the list of 18 emotions (nine pairs of contrary emotions) and answered three questions measuring music performance anxiety (MPA) beliefs: MPA utility beliefs, MPA regulation beliefs, and audience attitude beliefs. The cluster analysis results show the complexity and multiplicity of emotional states reported by young musicians. Five emotional profiles vary from negative emotions of fear and sadness (High MPA) through a mixture of positive and negative emotions (Moderate MPA, Hesitation, Ambivalence) to positive emotions of confidence, courage and happiness (Composure-Confidence). Beliefs that MPA has negative impact on performance, beliefs of inefficacy in managing MPA and perceived audience pressure rather than support were related to High and Moderate MPA profiles. Practical implications for music education are discussed.

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A virtual orchestra to qualify the acoustics of historical opera houses

Building Acoustics ◽

10.1177/1351010x20912501 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 235-252 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dario D’Orazio ◽

Giulia Fratoni ◽

Anna Rovigatti ◽

Massimo Garai

Keyword(s):

18Th Century ◽

Public Spaces ◽

Early Age ◽

Impulse Responses ◽

Sound Sources ◽

Social Division ◽

Subjective Preference ◽

Acoustic Comfort ◽

Opera Houses

Italian Historical Opera Houses are private or public spaces built around a cavea, with tiers of boxes on the surrounding walls. At the early age – from 16th to 18th century – boxes were private properties of the richest class, typically the financial responsible of the whole building. The stalls hosted the middle class, that gradually increased its social position and for this reason the wooden seats were progressively replaced by chairs. The gallery was reserved to lower classes. Does this social division correspond to a different acoustic comfort? The present work tries to answer this question using subjective preference models provided by scholars. With this aim, the room criteria defined by different authors and in distinct times are lined up with the ISO 3382 standards and analysed depending on the acoustic peculiarities of an Italian Historical Opera House selected as case study. Calibrated impulse responses were handled through the numerical simulations of a whole orchestra of virtual sound sources in the pit.

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Good vibrations: A review of vocal expressions of positive emotions

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review ◽

10.3758/s13423-019-01701-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 237-265 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Roza G. Kamiloğlu ◽

Agneta H. Fischer ◽

Disa A. Sauter

Keyword(s):

Positive Emotion ◽

Positive Emotions ◽

Speech Rate ◽

Future Research ◽

Emotional States ◽

Acoustic Features ◽

Speech Prosody ◽

Nonverbal Vocalizations ◽

The Voice ◽

Vocal Expressions

AbstractResearchers examining nonverbal communication of emotions are becoming increasingly interested in differentiations between different positive emotional states like interest, relief, and pride. But despite the importance of the voice in communicating emotion in general and positive emotion in particular, there is to date no systematic review of what characterizes vocal expressions of different positive emotions. Furthermore, integration and synthesis of current findings are lacking. In this review, we comprehensively review studies (N = 108) investigating acoustic features relating to specific positive emotions in speech prosody and nonverbal vocalizations. We find that happy voices are generally loud with considerable variability in loudness, have high and variable pitch, and are high in the first two formant frequencies. When specific positive emotions are directly compared with each other, pitch mean, loudness mean, and speech rate differ across positive emotions, with patterns mapping onto clusters of emotions, so-called emotion families. For instance, pitch is higher for epistemological emotions (amusement, interest, relief), moderate for savouring emotions (contentment and pleasure), and lower for a prosocial emotion (admiration). Some, but not all, of the differences in acoustic patterns also map on to differences in arousal levels. We end by pointing to limitations in extant work and making concrete proposals for future research on positive emotions in the voice.

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