scholarly journals Microalgae Brewery Wastewater Treatment: Potentials, Benefits and the Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1910 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kwame Amenorfenyo ◽  
Xianghu Huang ◽  
Yulei Zhang ◽  
Qitao Zeng ◽  
Ning Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Brewery Wastewater ◽  
Alternative Energy Source ◽  
Organic Nutrients

Concerns about environmental safety have led to strict regulations on the discharge of final brewery effluents into water bodies. Brewery wastewater contains huge amounts of organic compounds that can cause environmental pollution. The microalgae wastewater treatment method is an emerging environmentally friendly biotechnological process. Microalgae grow well in nutrient-rich wastewater by absorbing organic nutrients and converting them into useful biomass. The harvested biomass can be used as animal feed, biofertilizer, and an alternative energy source for biodiesel production. This review discusses conventional and current brewery wastewater treatment methods, and the application and potential of microalgae in brewery wastewater treatment. The study also discusses the benefits as well as challenges associated with microalgae brewery and other industrial wastewater treatments.

scholarly journals Exposure Route of TiO2 NPs from Industrial Applications to Wastewater Treatment and Their Impacts on the Agro-Environment

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Zahra ◽  
Zunaira Habib ◽  
Sujin Chung ◽  
Mohsin Ali Badshah
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Tio2 Nps ◽  
Potential Exposure ◽  
Exposure Route ◽  
Exposure Pathways

The tremendous increase in the production and consumption of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) in numerous industrial products and applications has augmented the need to understand their role in wastewater treatment technologies. Likewise, the deleterious effects of wastewater on the environment and natural resources have compelled researchers to find out most suitable, economical and environment friendly approaches for its treatment. In this context, the use of TiO2 NPs as the representative of photocatalytic technology for industrial wastewater treatment is coming to the horizon. For centuries, the use of industrial wastewater to feed agriculture land has been a common practice across the globe and the sewage sludge generated from wastewater treatment plants is also used as fertilizer in agricultural soils. Therefore, it is necessary to be aware of possible exposure pathways of these NPs, especially in the perspective of wastewater treatment and their impacts on the agro-environment. This review highlights the potential exposure route of TiO2 NPs from industrial applications to wastewater treatment and its impacts on the agro-environment. Key elements of the review present the recent developments of TiO2 NPs in two main sectors including wastewater treatment and the agro-environment along with their potential exposure pathways. Furthermore, the direct exposure routes of these NPs from production to end-user consumption until their end phase needs to be studied in detail and optimization of their suitable applications and controlled use to ensure environmental safety.

scholarly journals Pilot-scale study based on integrated fixed-film activated sludge process for cement industrial wastewater treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3073-3081
Author(s):  
Mohamed Nabil Ali ◽  
Hanan A Fouad ◽  
Mohamed M Meky ◽  
Rehab M Elhefny
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Settling Tank ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Fixed Film ◽  
Air Blower

Due to the lack of freshwater resources in Egypt, cement wastewater treatment was performed to widen the range of the water used in irrigation to face the massive future water scarcity. In this study, integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) was used as a biological treatment method. A laboratory pilot was established as a simulation of the IFAS process. The scale-pilot consists of a primary sedimentation tank, an IFAS tank equipped with an air blower, and a final settling tank. Three experimental attempts were performed using 3 different bio-carriers. In the first trial, Luffa sponges were used as natural bio-carriers and polyurethane sponges (PU) as artificial bio-carriers in the second trial, in addition to a combination between Luffa and PU sponges as a hybrid bio-carrier in the third trial. After analyzing the physicochemical properties of wastewater at the national research center in Cairo, the removal efficiency of TSS (total suspended solids), COD (chemical oxygen demand) , BOD(biological oxygen demand), TN (total nitrogen), and TP (total phosphorous) was 94.5%, 87.8%, 90.8%, 75.9%, and 69.4%, respectively in case of using the combination between Luffa and PU sponges. It can be concluded that using IFAS process was effective for cement wastewater treatment and the effluent wastewater met the Egyptian code limitations for reuse in agriculture purposes.

scholarly journals Industrial Wastewater Treatment Technologies For Reuse, Recycle, And Recovery: Advantages, Disadvantages, And Gaps.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Mejía ◽  
Aymer Maturana ◽  
Diego Gómez ◽  
Christian Quintero ◽  
Luis Arismendy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Waste Processing ◽  
Hybrid Processes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wastewater Quality ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Sustainable Wastewater Treatment

Abstract To reduce demand and discharge, instead of industrial wastewater being poorly treated and disposed of, it can be recycled, reused, or recovered if it is properly managed, thus having a substantial decrease in the water requirement and environmental impacts. The challenge is to select the appropriate process or combination of processes to achieve this based on the wastewater quality. Consequently, the objective of this investigation is to review every technology from conventional through advanced, for reliable and sustainable wastewater treatment and derived sludges, focusing on advantages, disadvantages, and technical gaps for development. Even though there is a wide range of possible technologies, it was evinced that there is huge potential to exploit and make them economically and sustainably viable for waste processing and circular economy, even in the mature massively implemented wastewater treatment technologies in the industry. Overall, we identify that independently from the technology to be studied, the future investigations on every unit, especially on those not vastly implemented, should be focused on: (1) The capacity in removing selected pollutants and decreasing impurities, (2) energy efficiency, (3) environmental safety, (4) economic viability, (5) hybrid processes, and (6) sustainability by waste processing.

scholarly journals SINTESIS GLISEROL KARBONAT DARI GLISEROL DAN UREA MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS RESIN INDION 225 Na

REAKTOR ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Alfiana Adhitasari ◽  
Hary Sulistyo ◽  
Agus Prasetya
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Frequency Factor ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Glycerol Carbonate ◽  
Alternative Energy Source ◽  
Glycerol Derivative

Abstract KINETIC STUDY OF GLYCEROL CARBONATE SYNTHESIS FROM GLYCEROL AND UREA USING INDION 225 Na AS CATALYST. The using of biodiesel as an alternative energy source that is renewable causes the increasing of glycerol as byproduct of biodiesel production. It makes the selling value of glycerol decreases. Glycerol processing is needed to increase the selling value of glycerol in the market. One of the glycerol derivative is glycerol carbonate. Glycerol carbonate is used as adhesives, solvents, inks, surfactants, and lubricants. This research was carried out by reacting glycerol and urea in a batch reactor using Indion 225 Na as catalyst. The purpose of this study was to determine the best conditions of synthesis of glycerol carbonate. The results showed that the obtained optimum conversion of glycerol was 48.43% with ratereaction is 0.1296 hr-1 and the ativation energy is 17.0628 kJ/mol.K with frequency factor is 19.4199 hr-1 in the glycerol:urea ratio of 1:1, the catalyst concentration of 5% and a temperature of 130 0C in 5h of reaction. Kata kunci: glycerol; glycerol carbonate; indion 225 Na; urea   Abstrak Penggunaan biodiesel sebagai alternatif sumber energi yang bersifat renewable mengakibatkan meningkatnya gliserol sebagai hasil samping produksi biodiesel. Peningkatan produksi gliserol berdampak terhadap nilai jual gliserol yang semakin menurun. Pengolahan gliserol perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan nilai jual gliserol di pasaran. Salah satu produk turunan gliserol adalah gliserol karbonat. Gliserol karbonat mempunyai kegunaan sebagai perekat, pelarut, tinta, surfaktan, dan pelumas. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mereaksikan gliserol dan urea dalam reaktor batch menggunakan katalis resin Indion 225 Na. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi terbaik sintesis gliserol karbonat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konversi gliserol terbaik yang didapatkan sebesar 48,43% dengan nilai konstanta kecepatan reaksi sebesar 0,1296 jam-1 dan nilai Ea sebesar 17,0628 kJ/mol.K dengan nilai faktor frekuensi sebesar 19,4199 jam-1pada perbandingan gliserol:urea 1:1, konsentrasi katalis 5% dan suhu 1300C selama 5 jam reaksi. Keywords: Gliserol; Gliserol Karbonat; Indion 225 Na ; Urea   

scholarly journals Magnetite, Hematite and Zero-Valent Iron as Co-Catalysts in Advanced Oxidation Processes Application for Cosmetic Wastewater Treatment

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Jan Bogacki ◽  
Piotr Marcinowski ◽  
Dominika Bury ◽  
Monika Krupa ◽  
Dominika Ścieżyńska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Co Catalysts ◽  
Toc Removal ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Kinetics Of

Background: There is a need for more effective methods of industrial wastewater treatment. Methods: Cosmetic wastewater was collected and subjected to H2O2/Fe3O4/Fe2O3/Fe0 and UV/H2O2/Fe3O4/Fe2O3/Fe0 process treatment. Results: Total organic carbon (TOC) was decreased from an initial 306.3 to 134.1 mg/L, 56.2% TOC removal, after 120 min of treatment for 1:1 H2O2/COD mass ratio and 500/500/1000 mg/L Fe3O4/Fe2O3/Fe0 catalyst doses. The application chromatographic analysis allowed for the detection and identification of pollutants present in the wastewater. Identified pollutants were removed during the treatment processes. Processes carried out at a pH greater than 3.0 were ineffective. The UV process was more effective than the lightless process. Conclusions: The applied processes are effective methods for wastewater treatment. Chromatographic results confirmed the effectiveness of the treatment method. The kinetics of the process were described by the modified second-order model. On the basis of ANOVA results, the hypothesis regarding the accuracy and reproducibility of the research was confirmed.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Air Kelapa Terhadap Perkecambahan Biji Kelor (Moringa olifera)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ainur Rofiq ◽  
Saimul Laili ◽  
Tintrim Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Rural Environment ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Alternative Energy Source ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Moringa plants are one of the not only a source of food, medicine, and animal feed, they can also be an alternative energy source of fuel (biodiesel) that is environmentally friendly because the seeds contain relatively high oil. Plants are easy to grow on critical land or dry land. Moringa plants are a viable choice to be developed as a food source and; also energy. Moringa (Moringa oleifera) is a native species from the Middle East including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and also Indonesia, but in the real conditions, the rural environment moringa plants are less noticed and have not been cultivated. In general, the moringa is bred by cuttings but this method will inhibit the plant because the root fibers are only in cuttings and grafting. The aim of the study was to determine the effective concentration of Moringa seeds in germination. Experimental methods were used with five treatments, namely control, 25, 50, 75, and 100% and four replications. The number of research units is 20 plots / media using coconut water. The measured parameters were the number of germination, length, number of roots, root length, the number of leaves of sprouts. The treatment of 25% (P1) gave consistently optimal growth compared to the others. On the twelfth day the optimal sprout is at a concentration of 25%. Keywords: Moringa, germination, coconut waterABSTRAK Tanaman kelor merupakan salah satu tanaman tidak hanya sebagai sumber pangan, pengobatan, dan makanan ternak, tanaman ini juga dapat sebagai sumber energi alternatif bahan bakar (biodiesel) yang ramah lingkungan karena di dalam bijinya mengandung minyak relatif tinggi. Tanaman mudah tumbuh di lahan kritis atau lahan kering. Tanaman kelor menjadi pilihan yang layak untuk dikembangkan sebagai sumber pangan dan ; juga energi. Kelor (Moringa oleifera)  adalah spesies asli dari Timur Tengah termasuk India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, dan juga Indonesia, tetapi pada kondisi real, di pedesaan tanaman kelor kurang diperhatikan dan belum dibudidayakan. Secara umum tanama kelor dikembangbiakan dengan setek atau cangkok dan cara ini akan menghambat tanama karena akar serabut hanya ada di setek dan cangkok. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menetahui konsentrasi yang efektif terhadap biji kelor dalam perkecambahan.  Digunakan metode esperimen  dengan lima perlakuan yaitu kontrol, 25, 50, 75, dan 100% dan empat ulangan. Jumlah unit penelitian ada 20 plot/media dengan  menggunakan air kelapa. Parameter yang diukur yaitu jumlah perkecambahan, panjang, jumlah akar, panjang akar, jumlah daun kecambah secara konsisten pada perlakuan 25% (P1) memberikan pertumbuhan yang optimal dibanding lainnya. Pada hari ke duabelas perkecambahan optimal adalah pada konsentrasi 25%.  Kata kunci: kelor, perkecambahan, air kelapa 

New Class of Flocculants and Coagulants

2021 ◽  
pp. 219-252
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Industrial Wastewater Treatment ◽  
New Class ◽  
Flocculation Efficiency

Coagulation is a kind of efficient water treatment method commonly used in domestic anhydrous and industrial wastewater treatment. Inorganic polymer coagulants (polyvalent metal salts) are widely used because of their low cost and ease of use. However, due to the low flocculation effectiveness and the presence of residual metal concentrations in the treated water, their application is limited. Organic synthetic flocculant has been widely used due to its higher flocculation efficiency at lower dosage. However, it has limitations in applicability due to its molecular structure which is less biodegradable and less disperse in water. Therefore, flocculants based on natural polymers have attracted extensive attention from researchers due to their advantages such as biodegradability and environmental friendliness. This paper summarizes the overview of the development of various types of flocculants that were used for industrial wastewater treatment. In addition, the characteristics and application of flocculant is reviewed with their behavior.

New Class of Flocculants and Coagulants

2021 ◽  
pp. 219-252
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Industrial Wastewater Treatment ◽  
New Class ◽  
Flocculation Efficiency

Coagulation is a kind of efficient water treatment method commonly used in domestic anhydrous and industrial wastewater treatment. Inorganic polymer coagulants (polyvalent metal salts) are widely used because of their low cost and ease of use. However, due to the low flocculation effectiveness and the presence of residual metal concentrations in the treated water, their application is limited. Organic synthetic flocculant has been widely used due to its higher flocculation efficiency at lower dosage. However, it has limitations in applicability due to its molecular structure which is less biodegradable and less disperse in water. Therefore, flocculants based on natural polymers have attracted extensive attention from researchers due to their advantages such as biodegradability and environmental friendliness. This paper summarizes the overview of the development of various types of flocculants that were used for industrial wastewater treatment. In addition, the characteristics and application of flocculant is reviewed with their behavior.

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