scholarly journals Associations between Fitness Measures and Change of Direction Speeds with and without Occupational Loads in Female Police Officers

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin M. Orr ◽  
Filip Kukić ◽  
Aleksandar Čvorović ◽  
Nenad Koropanovski ◽  
Radivoje Janković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Female Police Officers ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Fitness Measures ◽  
Load Conditions

Female police officers may be required to pursue offenders on foot while wearing occupational loads. The aim of this study was to determine relationships between fitness measures and change of direction speed (CODS) in female police officers and the influence of their occupational loads. Retrospective data were provided for 27 female police officers (age = 32.19 ± 5.09 y, height = 162.78 ± 5.01 cm, and mass = 71.31 ± 13.42 kg) and included fitness measures of: lower-body power (standing long jump (SLJ)), upper-body and trunk muscle endurance (push-up (PU) and sit-up (SU)), aerobic power (estimated VO2max), and CODS (Illinois agility test). The CODS test was performed without and with occupational load (10 kg). Paired sample t-tests (between-load conditions) and Pearson’s correlations (relationships between measures) were performed with linear regression analysis used to account for the contribution of measures to unloaded and loaded CODS performance. CODS was significantly slower when loaded (unloaded = ~23.17 s, loaded = ~24.14 s, p < 0.001) with a strong, significant relationship between load conditions (r = 0.956, p < 0.001). Moderate to strong, significant relationships were found between all fitness measures ranging from estimated VO2max (r = −0.448) to SU (r = −0.673) in the unloaded condition, with the strength of these relationships increasing in the loaded condition accounting for 61% to 67% of the variance, respectively. While unloaded agility test performance was strongly associated with loaded performance, female police officer CODS was significantly reduced when carrying occupational loads. A variety of fitness measures that influence officer CODS performances become increasingly important when occupational loads are carried.

scholarly journals Change of Direction Deficit in National Team Rugby Union Players: Is There an Influence of Playing Position?

Sports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomás Freitas ◽  
Pedro Alcaraz ◽  
Chris Bishop ◽  
Julio Calleja-González ◽  
Ademir Arruda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rugby Union ◽  
Drop Jump ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
National Team ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Median Split ◽  
Rugby Players

The aim of this study was to investigate the change of direction (COD) ability and deficits of elite rugby union players, discriminating between position (backs and forwards), and between “faster and slower players”, in multiple COD tasks. Twenty-four male rugby union players from the Brazilian senior National team completed the following assessments: Squat and countermovement jumps; drop jump; standing long jump, horizontal triple jumps; 40-m linear sprint; Pro-agility, L-Drill, and Zig-zag COD tests; and squat 1-repetition maximum. The differences between backs and forwards and between faster and slower performers were examined using magnitude-based inferences. Backs were faster (in both linear and COD speed tests) and jumped higher than forwards. Moreover, they generated an inferior sprint momentum. No differences were found in COD deficit between playing positions. However, when dividing the sample by median split, faster players outperformed their slower counterparts in all power–speed variables and presented higher COD deficits. These results suggest that separating rugby players by playing position might not discriminate players with different COD skills and that the median split analysis is more sensitive to identifying these differences. Furthermore, the present data indicate that faster rugby players are less efficient at changing direction and tolerating higher approach velocities in COD maneuvers.

scholarly journals The Increased Effectiveness of Loaded Versus Unloaded Plyometric Jump Training in Improving Muscle Power, Speed, Change of Direction, and Kicking-Distance Performance in Prepubertal Male Soccer Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yassine Negra ◽  
Helmi Chaabene ◽  
Senda Sammoud ◽  
Olaf Prieske ◽  
Jason Moran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Power ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Sprint Time ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Jump Training ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Time Test ◽  
Speed Change

Purpose: To examine the effects of loaded (LPJT) versus unloaded plyometric jump training (UPJT) programs on measures of muscle power, speed, change of direction (CoD), and kicking-distance performance in prepubertal male soccer players. Methods: Participants (N = 29) were randomly assigned to a LPJT group (n = 13; age = 13.0 [0.7] y) using weighted vests or UPJT group (n = 16; age = 13.0 [0.5] y) using body mass only. Before and after the intervention, tests for the assessment of proxies of muscle power (ie, countermovement jump, standing long jump); speed (ie, 5-, 10-, and 20-m sprint); CoD (ie, Illinois CoD test, modified 505 agility test); and kicking-distance were conducted. Data were analyzed using magnitude-based inferences. Results: Within-group analyses for the LPJT group showed large and very large improvements for 10-m sprint time (effect size [ES] = 2.00) and modified 505 CoD (ES = 2.83) tests, respectively. For the same group, moderate improvements were observed for the Illinois CoD test (ES = 0.61), 5- and 20-m sprint time test (ES = 1.00 for both the tests), countermovement jump test (ES = 1.00), and the maximal kicking-distance test (ES = 0.90). Small enhancements in the standing long jump test (ES = 0.50) were apparent. Regarding the UPJT group, small improvements were observed for all tests (ES = 0.33–0.57), except 5- and 10-m sprint time (ES = 1.00 and 0.63, respectively). Between-group analyses favored the LPJT group for the modified 505 CoD (ES = 0.61), standing long jump (ES = 0.50), and maximal kicking-distance tests (ES = 0.57), but not for the 5-m sprint time test (ES = 1.00). Only trivial between-group differences were shown for the remaining tests (ES = 0.00–0.09). Conclusion: Overall, LPJT appears to be more effective than UPJT in improving measures of muscle power, speed, CoD, and kicking-distance performance in prepubertal male soccer players.

United States university-based officer training and its influence on physical assessment test performance

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjmilitary-2020-001486
Author(s):  
Jessica C Tom ◽  
B K Schilling ◽  
B Poston ◽  
C L Turner ◽  
K N Radzak
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Physical Fitness Test ◽  
Physical Assessment ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

IntroductionCadets participating in Reserve Officers’ Training Corp (ROTC) at US universities undergo both Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT) and Occupational Physical Assessment Test (OPAT) evaluations prior to commissioning. The current study examined the relationship between ROTC physical training (PT) attendance and performance in the APFT and OPAT, and characterised physical activity of cadets outside of PT.MethodsTwenty-six cadets’ (21 males; age=20.81±2.48 years; height=171.16±8.62 cm; body mass=75.49±13.17 kg; body mass index=25.68±3.37 kg/m2) PT attendance, and diagnostic (week 1) and record (week 13) OPAT and APFT scores were documented. Paired samples t-tests evaluated differences in APFT and OPAT scores between the diagnostic and record tests. Pearson correlations were utilised to determine if a relationship existed between PT attendance and test performance. Participating cadets also completed monthly self-reported physical activity questionnaire (September, October, November); findings were reported using descriptive statistics.ResultsCadets attended 87% of PT sessions between OPAT administrations and 85% between APFT administrations. Cadets significantly improved the following test components: standing long jump (p=0.034), seated power throw (p=0.029), shuttle run (p=0.005), sit-ups (p=0.003) and 2-mile run (p=0.045). A significant, positive correlation was found between PT attendance and APFT sit-ups improvements (r=0.473, p=0.015). Cadets’ frequently reported additional physical activity days per week (range: 2.8–3.1 aerobic, 3.2–3.8 strength/power, 2.9–3.2 core strength/endurance).ConclusionsRegular participation in a single semester of ROTC PT was found to significantly increase cadets’ scores in some, but not all, components of the APFT and OPAT. Self-reported physical activity results indicate that cadets regularly train outside of organised PT.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Biomotoric Properties and Hewitt Test Performance in 13-15 Years Old Tennis Players

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (12a) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Ayşegül Yapıcı ◽  
Öznur Akyüz ◽  
Müşerref Doruk
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Coordination Test ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Relationship

Tennis is a sports branch with a lot of coordinated properties. The physical, physiological and motoric properties of the athlete are at optimum level, which influences the stroke performance positively. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between biomotoric properties and Hewitt test performance in 13-15 years old tennis players. 10 healthy female tennis players (age: 14.00±1.05 years, height: 158.60±3.69 cm, weight: 53.57±5.22 kg, experience: 3.40±1.58 years) who played in Pamukkale University tennis club participated in this study voluntarily. In anthropometric measurements height, body weight, leg lengths and dominant hand were recorded. Left and right hand grip, countermovement and squat jumps test, flexibility, standing long jump, static and dynamic balance, star test, Wall Catch coordination test and Hewitt performance test were applied to the tennis players. In the statistical analysis of the data, descriptive analyzes of all test performance characteristics of the tennis players were calculated as mean and standard deviation. The relationships between biomotoric properties and Hewitt test performance were evaluated using Pearson Product Moment Correlation analysis. The statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Statistically significant correlation was found between Hewitt test (groundstroke performance) and Wall Catch coordination test (r= 0.865; p<0.01). There was no significant correlation between Hewitt test and leg lengths, dominant hand, left-right foot dynamic balance, standing long jump, flexibility, jump performance, left and right hand grip and star tests (p>0.05). As a result, the use of tests with similar movements special to tennis in evaluating the athlete's performance can accurately reflect the athlete's test values.

scholarly journals Vybrané kondiční testy a jejich vztah k výkonu ve sportovním lezení

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Vomáčko ◽  
Jiří Baláš ◽  
Matouš Jindra
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Sport Climbing ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Sport climbing is now seen as part of the climbing population fi tness interesting resource. Th is study clarifi es the relationship between selected conditioning tests, anamnetic data and performance in sport climbing in the climbing trips OS or RP and each points to a relationship between these ways of ascent climbing routes. Study describes the relation between the diff erent standardized tests selected from Eurofi t test set (standing long jump, full forward trunk bend, pull-up hold, manual dynamometry, „fl amingo“ exercise), anthropometric data (body height, body weight, body fat ratio in %) and anamnestic data (length of climbing experience, climbing performance in terms Red Point RP, and On sight OS). Th e dependency measure is expressed by a linear regression with two dependent variables. Th e dependent variables express climbing performance in terms of RP and OS. Th e signifi cant indicators for dependent variable RP in this given regressive model are length of climbing experience, pull-up hold, manual dynamometry and body weight; for the dependent variable OS, these are length of climbing experience, pull-up hold and manual dynamometry. Aft er the application of a linear regression analysis with two dependent variables, the dependency measure between the RP and OS performance was formulated as a partial correlation rp = 0,745.

Critical Evaluation of a Badminton-Specific Endurance Test

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Fuchs ◽  
Oliver Faude ◽  
Melissa Wegmann ◽  
Tim Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Drop Jump ◽  
Endurance Test ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Fitness Tests ◽  
Long Jump

Purpose:To overcome the limitations of traditional 1-dimensional fitness tests in analyzing physiological properties of badminton players, a badminton-specific endurance test (BST) was created. This study aimed at analyzing the influence of various fitness dimensions on BST performance.Methods:18 internationally competing male German badminton players (22.4 ± 3.2 y, 79.2 ± 7.7 kg, 1.84 ± 0.06 m, world-ranking position [WRP] 21–501) completed a straight-sprint test, a change-of-direction speed test, various jump tests (countermovement jump, drop jump, standing long jump), a multistage running test (MST), and the BST. During this on-court field test players have to respond to a computerized sign indicating direction and speed of badminton-specific movements by moving into the corresponding corners.Results:Significant correlations were found between performance in MST and BST (individual anaerobic threshold [IAT], r = .63, P = .005; maximum velocity [Vmax], r = .60, P = .009). A negative correlation (r = –.59, P = .014) was observed between IAT in BST and drop-jump contact time. No further associations between performance indices could be detected. Apart from a small portion explained by MST results (IAT, R2 = .40; Vmax, R2 = .36), the majority of BST performance cannot be explained by the determined physiological correlates. Moreover, it was impossible to predict the WRP of a player on the basis of BST results (r = –.15, P = .55).Conclusions:Neither discipline-specific performance nor basic physiological properties were appropriately reflected by a BST in elite badminton players. This does not substantiate its validity for regular use as a testing tool. However, it may be useful for monitoring on-court training sessions.

scholarly journals Effect of Plyometric Training on Jumping, Sprinting and Change of Direction Speed in Child Female Athletes

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Bogdanis ◽  
Olyvia Donti ◽  
Athanasia Papia ◽  
Anastasia Donti ◽  
Nikolaos Apostolidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Jumping Performance ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Post Hoc

Background: This study examined the effects of 8 weeks of plyometric training on jumping, sprinting, and change of direction (COD) performance. Methods: Fifty female 7–9-year-old gymnasts were randomly assigned to a plyometric training group (PG; n = 33), that performed supplementary plyometric training twice per week, and a control group (CG; n = 17) that continued regular training. The following tests were performed before and after the intervention: 10 and 20 m sprints, 5 + 5 m and 10 + 10 m COD tests, one-leg and two-leg countermovement jump (CMJ), drop jump (DJ), squat jump (SJ), and standing long jump (SLJ). Results: Only a main effect for time was found for all jumping performance parameters (p = 0.001). However, the improvement of one- and two-leg CMJ in PG had a greater effect size than CG (0.72 and 0.67 vs. 0.34 and 0.18, respectively). Group × time interactions were found for 10 and 20 m sprint tests (p = 0.018 and p = 0.011, respectively) and for 10 + 10 m COD (p = 0.008) with the post hoc test showing improvement only for the PG (p = 0.001, 0.001, and 0.003 and d = 1.1, 1.14, and 0.6, respectively). Conclusions: Supplementary plyometric training increased sprint and COD performance more than regular gymnastics training, while jumping performance was equally improved in both groups.

scholarly journals The Association Between Fitness Test Scores and Musculoskeletal Injury in Police Officers

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liana Lentz ◽  
Jason R. Randall ◽  
Christine A. Guptill ◽  
Douglas P. Gross ◽  
Ambikaipakan Senthilselvan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injury ◽  
Fitness Test ◽  
Occupational Tasks ◽  
Physical Abilities ◽  
Fitness Measures ◽  
The Relationship

A police officer’s career is hazardous and physically demanding. In order to perform occupational tasks effectively and without injury, officers require adequate physical abilities. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between scores on several fitness tests and musculoskeletal injury in a group of municipal police officers. This retrospective study used existing data to examine the relationship between risk of injury and fitness test performance. Injured and uninjured police officers scored significantly differently on several fitness measures. A multivariate regression indicated that a combination of age, sex, number of pull ups completed and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) best explained injury risk. Additionally, the findings indicated an interaction between sex and VO2max, and so the effect of VO2max on injury risk cannot be understood without accounting for sex.

scholarly journals Validity of field assessments to predict peak muscle power in preschoolers

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 850-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara King-Dowling ◽  
Nicole A. Proudfoot ◽  
John Cairney ◽  
Brian W. Timmons
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Power ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Jump Distance ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Efficient Estimate ◽  
Run Time ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Shuttle Run ◽  
Age And Sex

Field-based fitness assessments are time- and cost-efficient. However, no studies to date have reported the predictive value of field-based musculoskeletal fitness assessments in preschoolers. The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of 2 field assessments to predict peak muscle power in preschool-aged children. Four-hundred and nineteen 3- to 5-year olds participated (208 girls, 211 boys; mean age: 4.5 ± 0.9 years). Peak power (PP) was evaluated using a modified 10-s Wingate protocol as the criterion standard. Standing long-jump was measured in inches to the back of the heel using a 2-footed takeoff and landing. Shuttle-run time was measured using a shuttle-run protocol, which required children to sprint 50 feet (15.2 m), pick up a small block, and sprint back, with time measured to the closest tenth of a second. Regression modelling was used to calculate the predictive power of each field-based measurement, adjusting for weight (kg), age, and sex. Both standing long-jump distance and shuttle-run time were significantly correlated with PP (r = 0.636, p < 0.001, and r = –0.684, p < 0.001, respectively). Linear regression analysis determined that a child’s PP can be predicted from the child’s weight, age, and sex and either standing long-jump or shuttle-run time (adjusted R2 = 0.79, p < 0.001, and 0.81, p < 0.001, respectively). The standing long-jump and the Bruininks Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency 2nd Edition shuttle-run are both significant predictors of peak muscle power in preschool children. Either measure can be used as a cost- and time-efficient estimate of musculoskeletal fitness in preschoolers.

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