scholarly journals Dissipation Behavior of Three Fungicides during the Industrial Processing of Paeoniae Radix Alba and Associated Processing Factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 2196
Author(s):  
Sheng-Nan Li ◽  
Ming-Na Sun ◽  
Fan Wang ◽  
Xing Xu ◽  
Xin-Hong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Pesticide Degradation ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Processing Step ◽  
Maximum Residue Limits ◽  
Paeoniae Radix ◽  
Processing Factors

Before being administered as medicinal products, Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) must be processed and decocted for human consumption. While the presence of pesticide residues in CHMs is a major concern, pesticide dissipation behavior during CHM processing has rarely been reported. In this study, the dissipation of three pesticide residues in the CHM Paeoniae Radix Alba (PRA) was investigated during each step of industrial processing. The boiling process was found to significantly reduce pesticide residues (61–89%), and the peeling process also contributed to pesticide degradation (29–68%). The high temperature (60 °C) during the drying process led to further pesticide degradation. The processing factors of all three pesticides after each processing step were less than one, and the processing factors for the overall process were lower than 0.027, indicating that industrial processing clearly reduced the amount of pesticide residues (97.3–99.4%). The findings provide guidance for the safe use of fungicides in CHMs and can help establish maximum residue limits for PRA to reduce human exposure to pesticides.

scholarly journals Processing Factors of Several Pesticides and Degradation Products in Carrots by Household and Industrial Processing

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurore Bonnechere ◽  
Vincent Hanot ◽  
Ruben Jolie ◽  
Marc Hendrickx ◽  
Claude Bragard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Good Agricultural Practices ◽  
Industrial Practice ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Cumulative Processes ◽  
Processing Factors

To quantify the effect of household and industrial processing on the pesticide residues, carrots (Daucus carota) were sprayed during cultivation with three fungicides (boscalid, difenoconazole and tebuconazole), two insecticides (chlorpyrifos and dimethoate) and one herbicide (linuron). The most concentrated formulations were applied pursuant to Good Agricultural Practices, to ensure sufficiently high levels of residues, The subsequent processing conditions were established to correspond as close as possible to the actual conditions that are normally used in industrial practice. The effects of household and industrial processing on the levels of the six pesticide residues and eight associated degradation products were quantified. The washing step allowed decreasing the concentration of residues for all pesticides up to ~ 90%. It was the most effective step to remove pesticide residues from carrots. The second process, peeling, results in a reduction comparable to washing. The blanching step, combining heat with a large quantity of water, enhanced the elimination of residues (maximum 50%). After cutting and washing, the residual concentrations were below 5 ppb. However it was observed that the level of pesticide residues was not reduced by microwave cooking. The pesticide residues remaining after previous processing, except difenoconazole, were decreased by sterilization. The cumulative processes allowed the elimination of minimum 90% of pesticide residues. Degradation products, investigated in this study, were not detected.

Monitoring and risk assessment of pesticide residues in selected herbal medicinal products in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwabena F. M. Opuni ◽  
Samuel Asare-Nkansah ◽  
Paul Osei-Fosu ◽  
Abraham Akonnor ◽  
Samuel O. Bekoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Herbal Medicinal Products ◽  
Herbal Medicinal

scholarly journals Determination of Levels of Organochlorine, Organophosphorus, and Pyrethroid Pesticide Residues in Vegetables from Markets in Dar es Salaam by GC-MS

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. M. Mahugija ◽  
Farhat A. Khamis ◽  
Esther H. J. Lugwisha
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pyrethroid Pesticide ◽  
Maximum Residue Limits ◽  
Samples And Sampling ◽  
Dar Es Salaam City

This study investigated the levels of pesticides and metabolites in vegetables from major markets in Dar es Salaam city, Tanzania. Samples of fresh cabbage, spinach, and onions from the markets were analysed for pesticide residues. Extraction was performed using acetone followed by dichloromethane : cyclohexane mixture and the extracts were cleaned up using Florisil. The compounds were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Pesticides and metabolites were detected in 72.2% of the samples. The detected pesticide residues and their highest mean concentrations were p,p′-DDT 4.00 × 10−3 mg/kg, p,p′-DDD 6.40 × 10−1 mg/kg, o,p′-DDD 1.00 × 10−2 mg/kg, α-endosulfan 6.00 × 10−1 mg/kg, β-endosulfan 2.10 × 10−1 mg/kg, chlorpyrifos 3.00 mg/kg, and cypermethrin 4.00 × 10−2 mg/kg. The most frequently detected compounds were p,p′-DDD and chlorpyrifos. The order of contamination was spinach > cabbage > onions. Generally, there were no significant variations in concentrations of pesticide residues among samples and sampling sites, which indicated similarities in contamination patterns. The concentrations of contaminants were above the maximum residue limits (MRLs) in 33.3–50% of the samples. The findings indicated risks and concerns for public health.

Quality Evaluation of Canola Oils and Deodorizer Distillate during Industrial Processing

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 983-983
Author(s):  
Hadia Shoaib Hadia Shoaib ◽  
Sarfaraz Ahmed Mahesar Sarfaraz Ahmed Mahesar ◽  
Saeeduddin Saeeduddin ◽  
Parisa Jafarian Parisa Jafarian ◽  
Razieh Niazmand Razieh Niazmand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canola Oil ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Deodorizer Distillate ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
Totox Value ◽  
Canola Oils

Aim of present study was to evaluate quality of three collected sets of canola oil containing crude oil, neutralized oil, bleached oil, deodorized oil and canola oil deodorizer distillate (DD) form three different edible oil processing industries. Physiochemical properties such as moisture, color, free fatty acid (FFA), acid value (AV), peroxide value (PV), p-Anisidine value (AV), total oxidative (totox) value, saponification value (SV), iodine value (IV), unsaponifiable matter and soap content were evaluated. The results of the present study indicated that each stage of processing has different impact on the determined quality parameters. Overall processing was well controlled and final product i.e. refined, bleached and deodorized (RBD) canola oil was found to be fit for human consumption. Only soap contents should be further controlled during neutralization process to avoid extra processing time and losses in the bleaching process. High FFA contents in DD samples indicated that it could be used as a potential and cheap source for biodiesel production.

scholarly journals Quantification of Pesticide Residues in Retail Samples of Cowpea - Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
C. S. Okoye ◽  
C. E. Oguh ◽  
O. J. Umezinwa ◽  
C. C. Uzoefuna ◽  
B. C. Nwanguma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Dimethyl Phosphate ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Enugu State ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
City State

Quantification of pesticide residues in retail samples of food is one way to determine the level of human exposure to these chemicals and hence their potential health hazards. The study was aimed at quantifying the level of some known pesticides in retail samples of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. (Cowpea) from two cropping seasons. Five cultivars of cowpea from two different harvest seasons (2016/2017 and 2017/2018) were purchased from Ogige Market, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria. The cowpeas were identified based on city/state where they were cultivated. Two foreign samples were also purchased from London, UK. The pesticide residues were determined using gas chromatography coupled with electron capturing detector (GC-ECD). The results showed that the retail samples of cowpea contained residues of one or more organochlorines and organophosphates. The levels of post-harvest pesticides, 2, 2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate (DDVP) in 2016/17 season (0.02 μg/g) exceeded the international permissible standards (0.01 μg/g). The levels of the pre-harvest pesticides, glyphosate was low in both seasons (0.01 μg/g) when compared to the international permissible standards (0.1 μg/g).  The DDVP was not detected in the two foreign samples. HCB (Hexachlorobenzene), α-HCH (alpha-Hexachlorocyclohexane), Chlorpyrifos, g-chlordane, t-nonachlor, p-p’-DDT (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), p-p’-DDE (Dichlorodiphenyldichlo-rowthylene), and p-p’-DDD (Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane) were detected in the cowpea from two cropping seasons despite being banned from agricultural use. This could be due to the additional application of pesticides during storage of the cowpeas. The findings concludes that the levels of some of the residues exceeded the safety limits while some were below the safety limits, suggesting that some of samples of the cowpea were not safe for human consumption as bioaccumulation, persistence, and toxicity of these residues was likely to pose serious health risks to the consumers. Generally, cowpea from the 2016/17 season contained higher pesticide residues than those from the 2017/18 season.

Pesticide Analysis Techniques, Limitations, and Applications

2019 ◽  
pp. 301-317
Author(s):  
Ebru Kafkas ◽  
Nebile Daglioglu ◽  
Nigar Yarpuz-Bozdogan ◽  
Mozhgan Zarifikhosroshahi
Keyword(s):  
European Community ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pesticide Analysis ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Health Safety ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
Maximum Residue Limits ◽  
Identification And Quantification

Natural or synthetic chemical compounds in pesticides are commonly used to kill pests or weeds. In general, pesticides are potentially toxic to not only organisms but also the environment and should be used safely disposed of expediently. Pesticide residues in foods may cause various crucial diseases in the body. The damage of pesticides can be changed depending on the application dose or type of active compounds. For this reason, identification and quantification of pesticides via highly selective, sensitive, accurate, and renewable techniques are of vital importance due to the large amounts of possible interfering substances during the extraction stages. Analysis of pesticide residues by analytical methods can be fluctuate based on the pesticide types. For food and health safety, maximum residue limits (MRL) of pesticides in foods were determined by the European Community. There are many analytical methods developed for identification and quantification of pesticides. Although there are some limitations, the multi-residue methods sensible for analyzing a great number of pesticides in one single run is the fastest, the most favorite, and efficient choice. However, some of the pesticides need specific methodologies and single-residue methods apply as compulsory for them. In this chapter, recent advances in the various analysis of pesticide residues in crops and their applications and limitations are discussed.

scholarly journals Pharmaco-epidemiological research on herbal medicinal products in the paediatric population: data from the PhytoVIS study

2019 ◽  
Vol 179 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-512
Author(s):  
Karen Nieber ◽  
Esther Raskopf ◽  
Johanna Möller ◽  
Olaf Kelber ◽  
Robert Fürst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Herbal Medicinal Products ◽  
Herbal Medicinal

AbstractIn paediatrics, clinical study data are limited, especially on herbal medicinal products. To address this gap, 2063 datasets from the paediatric population were evaluated in the PhytoVIS data base. By screening for paediatric data, information on indication, gender, treatment, co-medication and tolerability were evaluated. The majority of patients was treated because of common cold, fever, digestive complaints, skin diseases, sleep disturbances and anxiety. The perceived effect of the therapy was rated in 84% of the patients as very good or good without adverse events. The data shed light on a still neglected field of phyto-pharmacotherapy by giving information on the use of herbal medicines in an unselected cohort of paediatric patients. The results confirm the good clinical effects and safety of herbal medicinal products in this patient population and show that they are widely used in Germany.What is Known:• In Germany, about 85% of children receive one or more herbal medicinal products per year.• Despite international initiatives to promote clinical research in paediatrics, there are still many gaps of knowledge in the use of drugs in paediatrics.What is New:• The PhytoVIS project evaluated 2063 data sets from the paediatric population using herbal medicinal products.• The majority of patients was treated because of common cold, fever, digestive complaints, skin diseases, sleep disturbances and anxiety, and 84% of the patients rated the therapy as very good or good without adverse events.

scholarly journals Organochlorine pesticide residues in different fishes and shell fishes collected from the flood plains of Sonargaon upazila, Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-148
Author(s):  
Tonima Mustafa ◽  
M Niamul Naser ◽  
Gulshan Ara Latifa ◽  
Mohammad Shoeb ◽  
Nilufar Nahar
Keyword(s):  
Organochlorine Pesticide ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Flood Plains ◽  
Percent Recovery ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticide Residues ◽  
Great Health ◽  
Total Body

The present study was carried out to assess the concentrations of organochlorine pesticide residues (DDTs; DDE, DDD, 2,4´-DDT and 4,4´-DDT) in natural fishes and prawn species during rainy-season (June-September, 2014) from flood plains of Sonargaon upazila, Bangladesh. The samples were extracted by Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) method and the extracts were cleaned-up by using H2SO4. Analysis of the samples for DDTs residues were carried out by using Gas Chromatograph with Electron Capture Detector (GC-ECD). Controlled fish sample (Cultured Rui fish) was used for the recovery experiments. Percent (%) recovery was found to be in the range of 70%- 113%. The total DDTs contents of the head of different fish and prawn species ranged from 7.53 ± 0.50 ng/g in Jatpunti (P. sophore) to 39.20 ± 3.76 ng/g in Bele (G. giuris) and of the body from 7.55 ± 0.50 ng/g in Jatpunti (P. sophore) to 41.93 ± 3.63 ng/g in Chewa (P. elongatus). While the total DDTs of the total body of seven fish and two prawn species ranged from 4.56 ng/g in Gurachingri (unidentified) to 37.15 ng/g in Chewa (P. elongatus). In the present study, 66.66% samples having value of (DDE + DDD)/DDT, lower than 0.5 ratios indicated the presence of new DDT inputs in the environments of Sonargaon area. The concentrations of total DDTs in all the samples were within the permissible MRL level i.e. for human consumption recommended by FAO-IAEA-WHO. As DDT is a long persistent and bioaccumulative substance in the environment, intake of significant amount of these toxic elements with our diet is a matter of great health concern. Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(1): 137-148, 2019

Release of pesticides into the environment and initial concentrations in soil, water, and plants

2003 ◽  
Vol 75 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1905-1916 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Racke
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Food Commodities

Considerable information exists as to the initial concentrations of pesticide residues to be expected in soils, plants, and water. Empirical or theoretical models have been developed for incorporating this data into exposure assessments for humans as well as terrestrial and aquatic wildlife. In addition, monitoring data exists for many older products, especially with respect to typical concentrations observed in food commodities for human consumption and in surface and ground waters. Estimated and observed concentrations of pesticides in these matrices have been routinely employed for more than 30 years in assessing the potential impacts of pesticides on a variety of biologically relevant endpoints. The same data will also prove useful for exposure assessments of endocrine active substances. There are some additional research needs, however. First, further research and development is needed to ensure that estimation and monitoring methods for pesticide concentrations in soil, water, and food are applicable and utilized for all important and relevant cultural, agronomic, and environmental conditions. This is especially true with respect to developing countries and tropical climates, which are often disproportionately ignored in favor of developing countries and temperate climates. Second, methodologies for collection of monitoring data and generation of modeled estimates for pesticide residues in soil, water, and food need to be carefully designed with the requirements of higher-tier, probabilistic exposure assessments in view. Although worst-case, point estimates or analyses may be useful for screening-level assessments, advanced assessments targeted at addressing the likelihood of biologically relevant exposures are urgently required by scientists and regulatory authorities for reaching sound risk assessment and risk management decisions.

scholarly journals Organochlorine and Organophosphonis Pesticide Residues in Food from Egyptian Local Markets

1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 949-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salwa M Dogheim ◽  
Sohair A Gad Alla ◽  
Sami M A El-Syes ◽  
Monir M Almaz ◽  
Emel Y Salama
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticide ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Maximum Residue Limits ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
Agricultural Use

Abstract A market basket survey was conducted to monitor organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues in potatoes, citrus fruits, and fish collected from local Egyptian markets. Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) of the Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues for γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) in potatoes were exceeded in 8 samples and for DDT in 2 samples. The aging of HCH and DDT indicated a recent use of both pesticides during the potato storage period between cultivation seasons. However, such use is illegal because HCH mixture isomers (gammaxane) and DDT have been officially prohibited from agricultural use in Egypt since 1980. The highest residue levels of fenitrothion (3.8 ppm) in potatoes may be due to its repeated use before and after harvest. No organochlorine pesticide residues were found in citrus fruits. None of the detected organophosphorus pesticides exceeded their MRLs. HCH and DDT residue limits were exceeded in 5 and 7 fish samples, respectively, collected from 12 markets throughout the country. The heptachlor MRL was violated in only one fish sample (3.9 ppm).

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