Pesticide Analysis Techniques, Limitations, and Applications

2019 ◽  
pp. 301-317
Author(s):  
Ebru Kafkas ◽  
Nebile Daglioglu ◽  
Nigar Yarpuz-Bozdogan ◽  
Mozhgan Zarifikhosroshahi
Keyword(s):  
European Community ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pesticide Analysis ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Health Safety ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
Maximum Residue Limits ◽  
Identification And Quantification

Natural or synthetic chemical compounds in pesticides are commonly used to kill pests or weeds. In general, pesticides are potentially toxic to not only organisms but also the environment and should be used safely disposed of expediently. Pesticide residues in foods may cause various crucial diseases in the body. The damage of pesticides can be changed depending on the application dose or type of active compounds. For this reason, identification and quantification of pesticides via highly selective, sensitive, accurate, and renewable techniques are of vital importance due to the large amounts of possible interfering substances during the extraction stages. Analysis of pesticide residues by analytical methods can be fluctuate based on the pesticide types. For food and health safety, maximum residue limits (MRL) of pesticides in foods were determined by the European Community. There are many analytical methods developed for identification and quantification of pesticides. Although there are some limitations, the multi-residue methods sensible for analyzing a great number of pesticides in one single run is the fastest, the most favorite, and efficient choice. However, some of the pesticides need specific methodologies and single-residue methods apply as compulsory for them. In this chapter, recent advances in the various analysis of pesticide residues in crops and their applications and limitations are discussed.

scholarly journals Pesticide residues in daily bee pollen samples (April–July) from an intensive agricultural region in Southern Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Friedle ◽  
Klaus Wallner ◽  
Peter Rosenkranz ◽  
Dieter Martens ◽  
Walter Vetter
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Pesticide Analysis ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Southern Germany ◽  
Serial Data ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractInsect-pollinated plants are essential for honey bees to feed their brood. In agricultural landscapes, honey bees and other pollinators are often exposed to pesticides used for cultivation. In order to gain more insight into the fluctuation of pesticide loads, 102 daily pollen samples were collected between April and July 2018 in a fruit-growing area in Southern Germany. Samples were analyzed with respect to more than 260 pesticides using a multi-residue pesticide analysis method. Almost 90% of the analyzed pollen samples featured between one and thirteen different pesticides. In total, 29 pesticides were detected at maximum concentrations of up to 4500 ng/g pollen. Maximum residual concentrations of most pesticides were observed during April and the first half of May, as well as during the second half of June. In most cases, serial data of pesticide residuals were detected for approximately 10 subsequent days with two or three maximum values, which were several folds higher than concentrations on the days before and thereafter. The pollen hazard quotient (PHQ) was calculated to estimate the risk of the detected pesticides to honey bees and wild pollinators.

scholarly journals Bioactivity and Bioavailability of the Major Metabolites of Crocus sativus L. Flower

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (15) ◽  
pp. 2827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moratalla-López ◽  
Bagur ◽  
Lorenzo ◽  
Salinas ◽  
Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Crocus Sativus ◽  
Crocus Sativus L ◽  
Identification And Quantification

Crocus sativus L. has been cultivated throughout history to obtain its flowers, whose dried stigmas give rise to the spice known as saffron. Crocetin esters, picrocrocin, and safranal are the main metabolites of this spice, which possess a great bioactivity, although the mechanisms of action and its bioavailability are still to be solved. The rest of the flower is composed by style, tepals, and stamens that have other compounds, such as kaempferol and delphinidin, which have an important antioxidant capacity, and these can be applied in foods, phytopharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. The aim of this work was to provide an updated and critical review of the research on the main compounds of Crocus sativus L. flower, including the adequate analytical methods for their identification and quantification, with a focus on their bioactivity and bioavailability.

scholarly journals Determination of Levels of Organochlorine, Organophosphorus, and Pyrethroid Pesticide Residues in Vegetables from Markets in Dar es Salaam by GC-MS

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. M. Mahugija ◽  
Farhat A. Khamis ◽  
Esther H. J. Lugwisha
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pyrethroid Pesticide ◽  
Maximum Residue Limits ◽  
Samples And Sampling ◽  
Dar Es Salaam City

This study investigated the levels of pesticides and metabolites in vegetables from major markets in Dar es Salaam city, Tanzania. Samples of fresh cabbage, spinach, and onions from the markets were analysed for pesticide residues. Extraction was performed using acetone followed by dichloromethane : cyclohexane mixture and the extracts were cleaned up using Florisil. The compounds were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Pesticides and metabolites were detected in 72.2% of the samples. The detected pesticide residues and their highest mean concentrations were p,p′-DDT 4.00 × 10−3 mg/kg, p,p′-DDD 6.40 × 10−1 mg/kg, o,p′-DDD 1.00 × 10−2 mg/kg, α-endosulfan 6.00 × 10−1 mg/kg, β-endosulfan 2.10 × 10−1 mg/kg, chlorpyrifos 3.00 mg/kg, and cypermethrin 4.00 × 10−2 mg/kg. The most frequently detected compounds were p,p′-DDD and chlorpyrifos. The order of contamination was spinach > cabbage > onions. Generally, there were no significant variations in concentrations of pesticide residues among samples and sampling sites, which indicated similarities in contamination patterns. The concentrations of contaminants were above the maximum residue limits (MRLs) in 33.3–50% of the samples. The findings indicated risks and concerns for public health.

Analytical methods for the quantification of selenium species in biological matrix: Where are we?

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rama Alhasan ◽  
Caroline Perrin-Sarrado ◽  
Claus Jacob ◽  
Caroline Gaucher
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Hydride Generation ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Selenium Species ◽  
Inductively Coupled

Objective: Over the years, scientific investigations have proven the importance of selenium as an essential element for mammals, emphasizing its activity against many diseases and even its prophylactic effects. It is also established now that a malconsumption of selenium can be harmful. Therefore, the nature and the concentration of selenium and its derivatives found in the diet, the body, and even in the environment, for example, in the soil, should be determined carefully. Methods: In this review, analytical methods for speciation and determination of selenium concentrations in biological samples are summarized. Results: Methods ranging from routine to cutting-edge are explored, focusing on their analytical characteristics, such as specificity for discrete selenium species, sensitivity, accuracy, reproducibility, and skills required. Conclusion: There are already numerous studies regarding the analysis of selenium species. Beyond the method employed for actual measurements, we propose to review the preanalytic steps for sample handling in biological matrices, which directly affect results that will be more accurate with careful pretreatment. Furthermore, to reach better outcomes in terms of the identification of selenium species, different combinations of techniques might be the answer. We highlight here the last and the cutting-edge methods to identify and quantify selenium such as, high-performance liquid chromatography combined to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS), hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS), hydride-generation combined to atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS), or to inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (HG-ICP-OES). This review emphasizes the importance of such investigations and the need to achieve reliable, safe, and effective quantification and methods of determination.

Analytical methods for estimation of organophosphorus pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables: A review

Talanta ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 1077-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipakshi Sharma ◽  
Avinash Nagpal ◽  
Yogesh B. Pakade ◽  
Jatinder Kaur Katnoria
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticide

scholarly journals The Potency of Senggani (Melastoma malabathricum L) Leaves in Repair of Pancreatic Beta Cells for Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Galuh Rizal Prayoga ◽  
Aziz Syamsul Huda ◽  
Syndilona Br Sitepu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Beta Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cells ◽  
Docking Simulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Inhibition Mechanism ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Melastoma Malabathricum

Diabetes mellitus is often caused by damage to pancreatic beta cells which play a role in secreting insulin in the body. Damage to pancreatic beta cells causes the body to lack insulin. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a peptidase enzyme complex located on the surface of the cell membrane. Inhibition of the DPP4 enzyme will increase blood GLP-1 levels and induce regeneration of pancreatic beta cells. Senggani leaf (Melastoma malabathricum) boiled water is believed by the people of the Ciamis area to be used as a diabetes medicine. There have been many studies and reviews related to Senggani (Melastoma malabathricum) and its potential. This review focuses on the discussion of Senggani as an antidiabetic by analyzing the reduction in glucose levels and the repair ability of pancreatic beta cells. The results of the literature study that show that senggani leaves have the ability to reduce blood glucose levels and repair activity of pancreatic beta cells through the DPP-4 enzyme inhibition mechanism supported by molecular docking simulation data. There are 12 active compounds that have a binding site similarity above 50% with the comparison compound vildagliptin. Rutin is the best active compound which has a 100% similarity of the binding site. Based on in vivo research and toxicity analysis on the admetsar database, senggani leaf extract and active compounds of senggani leaves have low toxicity, making it safe to be used as antidiabetic herbal preparations.

A novel colorimetric immunoassay for sensitive monitoring of ochratoxin A based on an enzyme-controlled citrate-iron(III) chelating system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenqiang Lai ◽  
Zuqin Qiao ◽  
Jiaqing Guo ◽  
Xuwei Chen ◽  
Shuhan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
System P ◽  
Colorimetric Immunoassay ◽  
Identification And Quantification

Biotoxins present in foods represent a major source of contamination. Although different analytical methods had been developed, a new detection method for identification and quantification of these toxins is necessary...

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