scholarly journals How Does the Built Environment in Compact Metropolitan Cities Affect Health? A Systematic Review of Korean Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 2921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim ◽  
Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Transportation Infrastructure ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Metropolitan Cities ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Street Environment

This systematic review aimed to examine the associations between health-related outcomes and the built environment (BE) characteristics of compact metropolitan cities in Korea using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework. Searching the three Korean academic databases and PubMed, two independent reviewers identified 27 empirical articles published between 2011 and 2016. Data extracted for review included the study characteristics, the variables and measurement methods related to the BE and health-related outcomes, and the findings on the associations between the BE characteristics and health-related outcomes. Vote counting was used to assess the consistency of associations and the direction of associations between the BE characteristics and health-related outcomes. All of the reviewed studies used cross-sectional designs. The objective BE qualities were commonly examined. The BE characteristics associated with health-related outcomes in the reviewed articles included land use, street environment, transportation infrastructure, green and open spaces, and neighborhood facilities. Street environment, transportation infrastructure, and green and open spaces had consistent positive associations with physical health. Mixed land use and neighborhood facilities, however, had inconsistent associations with physical health. Generally, insufficient findings were reported in the association between the BE characteristics and mental and social health. The accessibility of the BE in a compact urban environment was the prominent attribute related to health promotion, health challenges, and health equity. An international comparative analysis of compact cities with different urban contexts and scale is required. Interdisciplinary urban health strategies are recommended based on the associations between the BE characteristics and health-related outcomes.

The Effect of Intimate Partner Violence on the Physical Health and Health-Related Behaviors of Women: A Systematic Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483802098554
Author(s):  
Anita Stubbs ◽  
Cassandra Szoeke
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Physical Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Related Behaviors ◽  
Health Related

Aim: The long-term effects of intimate partner violence (IPV) on physical health outcomes and health-related behaviors are underresearched in comparison to the effects on mental health and pregnancy. This systematic review examines the recent research in this area from 2012 through 2019. Methods: SCOPUS, PubMed, EBSCOhost, and gray literature were searched using the key words “intimate partner violence” and “health.” To meet inclusion criteria, studies needed to be original research and focus on IPV during adulthood and its effects on the physical health or health-related behaviors of women. Fifty-two studies were qualitatively analyzed, with results grouped into broad categories of effects, including cardiovascular, endocrine, infectious diseases, and health screening. Results: IPV was shown to have negative effects on physical health outcomes for women, including worsening the symptoms of menopause and increasing the risk of developing diabetes, contracting sexually transmitted infections, engaging in risk-taking behaviors including the abuse of drugs and alcohol, and developing chronic diseases and pain. It also has significant effects on human immunodeficiency virus outcomes, worsening CD4+ cell depletion. Results varied regarding the effects of IPV on cardiovascular health outcomes. Conclusion: The result of this review demonstrates that women who have experienced violence and abuse are at significantly increased risk of poor health outcomes in a variety of areas and so require specialized and tailored primary care. This review highlights significant gaps in this field of research, particularly in relation to cardiovascular disease, endocrine dysfunction, and neurological symptoms and conditions. It demonstrates a need for additional long-term studies in this field to better inform the health care of women who have experienced IPV and to establish the physiological mediators of these outcomes.

scholarly journals Association between Perceived Built Environment and Prevalent Hypertension among South African Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasmore Malambo ◽  
Andre P. Kengne ◽  
Estelle V. Lambert ◽  
Anniza De Villers ◽  
Thandi Puoane
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
South African ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Neighborhood Environment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Land Use Mix ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Logistic Regressions

Introduction. The association between perceived built environmental attributes and hypertension among adults has received little attention in an African context. We investigated the association between the perceived built environment and prevalent hypertension in adult South Africans. Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted using 2008-2009 Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology data among South African (n=671) adults aged ≥35 years. Perceived built environment was assessed using the neighborhood environment walkability scale questionnaire. Prevalent hypertension was defined as previously diagnosed by a physician, screen-detected hypertension as ≥140/90 mmHg, and a combination of both as any hypertension. Logistic regressions were applied for analyses. Results. In crude logistic regressions, self-reported hypertension was associated with land use mix-diversity, street connectivity, infrastructure for walking/cycling, aesthetics, traffic, and crime. In adjusted model, land use mix-diversity was significantly associated with self-reported hypertension. In similar multivariable models, the direction and magnitude of the effects were mostly similar to the outcomes of “screen-detected hypertension” which was further predicted by perceived lack of safety from traffic. Conclusion. Perceived built environment attributes were significantly associated with hypertension. This has relevance to population-based approaches to hypertension prevention and control.

scholarly journals Conversational agents in healthcare: a systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1248-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Laranjo ◽  
Adam G Dunn ◽  
Huong Ly Tong ◽  
Ahmet Baki Kocaballi ◽  
Jessica Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Conversational Agent ◽  
Conversational Agents ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Evaluation Measures ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Language Input

Abstract Objective Our objective was to review the characteristics, current applications, and evaluation measures of conversational agents with unconstrained natural language input capabilities used for health-related purposes. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and ACM Digital using a predefined search strategy. Studies were included if they focused on consumers or healthcare professionals; involved a conversational agent using any unconstrained natural language input; and reported evaluation measures resulting from user interaction with the system. Studies were screened by independent reviewers and Cohen’s kappa measured inter-coder agreement. Results The database search retrieved 1513 citations; 17 articles (14 different conversational agents) met the inclusion criteria. Dialogue management strategies were mostly finite-state and frame-based (6 and 7 conversational agents, respectively); agent-based strategies were present in one type of system. Two studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 1 was cross-sectional, and the remaining were quasi-experimental. Half of the conversational agents supported consumers with health tasks such as self-care. The only RCT evaluating the efficacy of a conversational agent found a significant effect in reducing depression symptoms (effect size d = 0.44, p = .04). Patient safety was rarely evaluated in the included studies. Conclusions The use of conversational agents with unconstrained natural language input capabilities for health-related purposes is an emerging field of research, where the few published studies were mainly quasi-experimental, and rarely evaluated efficacy or safety. Future studies would benefit from more robust experimental designs and standardized reporting. Protocol Registration The protocol for this systematic review is registered at PROSPERO with the number CRD42017065917.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Open Space Implementation in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daodu, Sunday Afeosemobo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Implementation Model ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Evaluation Mechanism

The rapid increase in population in conjunction with increase in the rate of Urbanization had led to Unplanned and uncontrolled encroachment into our public open spaces in Nigeria. In the light of the above, numerous studies in relation to open space implementation in Nigeria have been studied. In spite of the numerous research efforts, open space implementation has not received a corresponding boost. This study reviewed open space implementation in Nigeria based on a systematic literature review of published works as contained in Scopus, Web of Science and Science Direct Online databases between March 2021 to October 2021. The review was selected from the six-Geopolitical zones of Nigeria and the findings revealed that there is weak monitoring and evaluation mechanism, and lack of inclusive participation by professionals in the built environment this calls for a need of adequate open space implementation model in Nigeria.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of the Evidence on Inflammation in Depressive Illness and Symptoms, in Chronic and End Stage Kidney Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Jayakumar ◽  
Stacey Jennings ◽  
Kristoffer Halvorsrud ◽  
Christophe Clesse ◽  
Livia Araujo de Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
End Stage

BackgroundDepressive illness and symptoms are known to be common in physical health problems and are present in at least a third of people with chronic kidney disease and end stage renalfailure (CKD/ESKD). Depressive illness and symptoms in CKD/ESKD complicates care, is associated with a shorter life expectancy, and may arise in response to inflammation.MethodsWe undertook a systematic review of studies including measures of depression and inflammatory markers in CKD/ESKD. The protocol was pre-registered with PROSPERO: CRD42019141305. Data base searches were completed in 2019 and repeated in May 2020. We assessed study quality, and undertook a narrative synthesis as well as meta-analyses of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, examining associations between depressive states and inflammatory markers.ResultsThere was significant heterogeneity in study quality, comorbidities, samples, depression measures, and study design, as well as in the specific measured inflammatory markers.Overall, there is some evidence for associations of IL6 and CRP with depressive illness and symptoms, with inconclusive or contradictory evidence for other inflammatory markers. There were few intervention studies. Studies of samples with physical comorbidity and higher rated quality were more likely to show positive associations. There were few longitudinal studies.ConclusionsThere is some evidence of inflammation being an important correlate of depressive illness and symptoms in the presence of physical health comorbidities. Better research designs areneeded including a range of inflammatory markers.

scholarly journals Oral Health Related Quality of Life during Pregnancy and Postpartum: A systematic review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Fakheran ◽  
Zahra Saied-Moallemi ◽  
Abbasali Khademi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Abstract BACKGROUND The impact of diseases on psychosocial well-being or the normal function of a person has been commonly defined as health-related quality of life .High prevalence of Dental and periodontal problems during gestation period may have a negative effect on oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in pregnant and postpartum women. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aims to perform a quality assessment and to give a critical overview of the current research available on OHRQoL in pregnant and post-partum women. STUDY DESIGN A systematic search strategy was applied in PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, Google Scholar and Scopus from inception until December 2018. For this systemic review all original and peer-reviewed human studies which investigated OHRQoL of women during pregnancy or post- partum period were searched. Studies were screened on title and consecutively on abstract for relevance by 2 independent investigators. Methodological quality was assessed using modified items recommended by the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for observational studies. RESULTS In all, 8 studies regarding the assessment of OHRQoL in pregnant woman were included. All of the included studies had cross-sectional design. Meta-analysis was not possible due to heterogeneity on key aspects among the included studies. Thus, the data from the studies were evaluated qualitatively. The overall risk of bias of the included studies was low. CONCLUSION The main conclusion of this review is that the presence of signs and symptoms of dental and gingival disease negatively affects the self-perception of OHRQoL in pregnant women. The most affected domains of OHRQoL in pregnant women were related to mental and psychological discomfort followed by physical and functional problems. Considering that the available evidence is limited to cross-sectional design, longitudinal studies are needed to investigate the impacts of oral health status during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Built environment and physical activity for the elderly: a systematic review of South Ame

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermes Koller De Paiva ◽  
Édina Maria de Camargo ◽  
Rodrigo Siqueira Reis
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
South America ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Neighborhood Environment ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Safety

A systematic review was conducted to evaluate studies on the association between the characteristics of a built environment and levels of physical activity (LPA) of elderly people in South America. The searches were conducted on the Bireme, SciElo, Web Of Science and Scopus databases in 2017. Empirical quantitative studies published in Portuguese, English and Spanish, starting in 1990, were included to provide information on the relationship between a built environment and physical activity (PA) for older adults in South America. After the exclusion of repeated titles, 9,592 studies were found, only nine of which were selected, all with a cross-sectional design and samples composed of both sexes, and 77.8% carried out in Brazil. Most of the studies (66.7%) used the abbreviated version of the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale (NEWS-A Brazil) to evaluate the built environment and 88.9% used the International Physical Activity Questionnaire to evaluate LPA. Total walking distance (leisure and active transport) was investigated in 22.2% of the studies, leisure PA in 55.5% and displacement PA in 44.4%. The presence of PA facilities and services was associated with LPA, as well as connectivity, street incline and perceived safety. It was concluded that the installation of PA facilities, as well as improved safety, can increase the LPA of the elderly. In addition, satellite image information and audits should be considered when evaluating the built environment.

scholarly journals Determinants of Physical Health Self-Management Behaviours in Adults With Serious Mental Illness: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Coventry ◽  
Ben Young ◽  
Abisola Balogun-Katang ◽  
Johanna Taylor ◽  
Jennifer V. E. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Serious Mental Illness ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Behaviour Change Techniques ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Physical Health Outcomes

Behavioural interventions can support the adoption of healthier lifestyles and improve physical health outcomes, but it is unclear what factors might drive success of such interventions in people with serious mental illness (SMI). We systematically identified and reviewed evidence of the association between determinants of physical health self-management behaviours in adults with SMI. Data about American Association of Diabetes Educator's Self-Care Behaviours (AADE-7) were mapped against the novel Mechanisms of Action (MoA) framework. Twenty-eight studies were included in the review, reporting evidence on 104 determinant-behaviour links. Beliefs about capabilities and beliefs about consequences were the most important determinants of behaviour, especially for being physically active and healthy eating. There was some evidence that emotion and environmental context and resources played a role in determining reducing risks, being active, and taking medications. We found very limited evidence associated with problem solving, and no study assessed links between MoAs and healthy coping. Although the review predominantly identified evidence about associations from cross-sectional studies that lacked validated and objective measures of self-management behaviours, these findings can facilitate the identification of behaviour change techniques with hypothesised links to determinants to support self-management in people with SMI.Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO, registration CRD42018099553.

The impact of gardening on nutrition and physical health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Watinee Kunpeuk ◽  
William Spence ◽  
Sirinya Phulkerd ◽  
Rapeepong Suphanchaimat ◽  
Siriwan Pitayarangsarit
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Community Gardening ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Community gardening has been widely recognized as a multicomponent approach that has affected a broad range of health and well-being outcomes. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between community gardening and nutrition and physical health among adults. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. Five electronic databases were searched systematically. Quality of included studies was appraised by several quality assessment tools related to the study design of each included article. Evidence from 19 articles was included (14 cross-sectional studies, 4 quasi-experimental studies and 1 case–control study). Although the majority of included studies appeared to have moderate quality, there existed weaknesses in the methods used, including low response rate and lack of confounder controls. Due to diversity in the measurement units, only body mass index (BMI) data could be pooled to perform meta-analysis. The results suggest that gardening had a significantly positive effect on BMI reduction. Subgroup analysis showed that quasi-experimental and case–control studies produced greater pooled effect size than those of cross-sectional design. Funnel plot and Egger’s test showed no significant evidence of publication bias. As robust evidence for the effect of community gardening on BMI reduction was found, this intervention should be integrated in health promoting policy to improve population health.

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