scholarly journals Health Implications of Drinking Water Salinity in Coastal Areas of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 3746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rishika Chakraborty ◽  
Khalid M. Khan ◽  
Daniel T. Dibaba ◽  
Md Alfazal Khan ◽  
Ali Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Visits

Coastal areas in South Asian countries are particularly vulnerable to elevated water salinity. Drinking water salinity has been found to be associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Our study aimed to find if excess drinking water salinity was associated with increased hospital visits with an array of health effects in coastal sub-districts of Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 157 participants from three coastal sub-districts. A face-to-face interview was conducted to collect salinity exposure and hospital visit data. Water samples were collected from both drinking and other household water sources for the measurement of salinity and total dissolved solids (TDS). CVD, diarrhea, and abdominal pain related hospital visits were found to be significantly associated with high water salinity and TDS. Households exposed to high salinity demonstrated a higher frequency of hospital visits than the low salinity-exposed households. People exposed to high salinity seemed to lack awareness regarding salinity-inducing health effects. Water salinity is a public health concern that will continue to rise due to climate change. Therefore, raising awareness about the health risks of water salinity is essential for the government to frame policies and mitigation strategies to control this emerging threat.

scholarly journals Dietary Intake, Intestinal Infection, and Safe Drinking Water Among Children with Anemia in Peru: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M Westgard ◽  
Luis A. Orrego-Ferreyros ◽  
Liz Franco Calderón ◽  
Alexandra M. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Intestinal Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
The Government ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Abstract Anemia is a major public health concern that is present in 41.7% of children under 5 worldwide. The prevalence of anemia in Peru was 43.6% in 2017, a decrease by only 6.8% in 8 years. Despite great efforts made by the government to reduce anemia by distributing free multi-micronutrient supplements and promote the consumption of iron rich foods, progress has been slow. The current study sought to better understand the dietary intake, incidence of intestinal infectious disease, and access to safe drinking water by children with anemia in Peru to help explain why the prevalence remains high. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from two national surveys that were combined by child ID. Descriptive statistics was analyzed to understand the experience of children with anemia in comparison to child without anemia. Logistic multivariate regression analyses were conducted to test the associations between anemia and dietary intake, intestinal infection, and access to safe drinking water. RESULTS The sample included 586 children between 6 and 35 months. The prevalence of anemia in this population was 53.2%. The portion of children that consumed sufficient micronutrients to meet the recommendation for their age was 51.9%. Of the children with anemia, 45.1% consumed sufficient micronutrients to meet their recommendation, vs. 54.9% of children without anemia (p<0.001). The children with anemia were more likely to have an intestinal infection in the last year (35% vs. 26%, p=0.057) and less likely to have access to safe drinking water (23% vs. 14%, p=0.02) than those without anemia.. The logistic analysis revealed that having an intestinal infection increased the odds of having anemia (OR=1.59, CI 95% [1.01-2.49]), and having access to safe drinking waters decreased the odds of having anemia (OR=0.56, [0.32-0.96]), while controlling for the consumption of sufficient iron. CONCLUSIONS Nearly half of the children with anemia in Peru already consume sufficient micronutrients to meet their daily requirement. However, they continue to have anemia, likely due to intestinal infection, such as diarrhea and parasites, and a lack of access to safe drinking water.

scholarly journals Chemical Contamination of Drinking Water in Resource-Constrained Settings: Global Prevalence and Piloted Mitigation Strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Amrose ◽  
Katya Cherukumilli ◽  
Natasha C. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Resource Constrained ◽  
Water Solutions ◽  
Safe Water ◽  
Emerging Organic Contaminants

Chemical contamination of drinking water (including salinity) puts more than one billion people at risk of adverse health effects globally. Resource-constrained communities are the most affected and face unique challenges that require innovative safe water solutions. This review focuses on arsenic, fluoride, nitrates, lead, chromium, total dissolved solids, emerging organic contaminants, and, to a lesser extent, manganese, cadmium, selenium, and uranium. It covers contaminant prevalence, major health effects, and treatment technologies or avoidance strategies that have been proven effective in realistic water matrices and conditions. The review covers the levelized costs of water for pilot- and full-scale systems most relevant to resource-constrained communities, with a focus on component costs, including the costs of power systems, lifting water, waste management, and labor. These costs are not universally reported, but can be significant. The findingsare analyzed and discussed in the context of providing sustainable safe water solutions in resource-constrained settings.

scholarly journals Iodine-induced goitre and high prevalence of anaemia among Saharawi refugee women

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1512-1518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrun Henjum ◽  
Ingrid Barikmo ◽  
Tor A Strand ◽  
Arne Oshaug ◽  
Liv Elin Torheim
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Refugee Women ◽  
High Prevalence

AbstractObjectiveThe main objective was to assess iodine status (thyroid volume (Tvol) and urinary iodine concentration (UIC)) and their determinants in Saharawi refugee women.DesignA cross-sectional survey was performed during January–February 2007. Tvol was measured by ultrasound and iodine concentration was analysed in spot urine samples and in household drinking water. Anthropometry and Hb concentration were measured and background variables were collected using pre-coded questionnaires.SettingThe survey was undertaken in four long-term refugee camps in the Algerian desert.SubjectsNon-pregnant women (n 394), 15–45 years old, randomly selected.ResultsMedian (25th percentile–75th percentile (P25–P75)) UIC was 466 (294–725) μg/l. Seventy-four per cent had UIC above 300 μg/l and 46 % above 500 μg/l. Median (P25–P75) Tvol was 9·4 (7·4–12·0) ml and the goitre prevalence was 22 %. UIC was positively associated with iodine in drinking water and negatively associated with breast-feeding, and these two variables explained 28 % of the variation in UIC. The mean (sd) Hb level was 11·8 (2·4) g/dl. In total 46 % were anaemic with 14 %, 25 % and 7 %, classified with respectively mild, moderate and severe anaemia.ConclusionsThe Saharawi women had high UIC, high levels of iodine in drinking water and increased Tvol and probably suffered from iodine-induced goitre. The high prevalence of anaemia is considered to be a severe public health concern. To what extent the excessive iodine intake and the anaemia have affected thyroid function is unknown and should be addressed in future studies.

Characterizing ground water salinity in Coastal Bangladesh by using observations and perception-based information

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mofizur Rahman ◽  
Alexandra Nauditt
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Tube Well

&lt;p&gt;Salinity intrusion has become a serious threat to coastal areas worldwide, with severe effects on human health, agricultural production and ecosystem services. Coastal populations of Bangladesh, as with many other countries, are living with and experiencing rising salinity in drinking water on a daily basis. Water quality management requires reliable data based on continuous monitoring of freshwater at any abstraction source. However, such monitoring is costly and unavailable in most of the coastal areas of Bangladesh. Several perception studies based on semi-structured interviews have shown a strong potential to support environmental monitoring but inadequate for decision-making. Therefore, we attempted to capture state of water salinity through people&amp;#8217;s experiences lenses, self-reported perception, and measured salinity. The overall objective of this study is therefore to evaluate if the perception of coastal inhabitants in Bangladesh adequately describes salinity loads in drinking water in space and time. In this paper, we are going to describe spatial and temporal variation of drinking water salinity in a coastal delta of Bangladesh. In addition, to present the analysis of self-reported perception on salinity in drinking water in compassion to measured actual salinity of tube-well water. Our initial analysis shows that there is a large spatial variation of salinity in drinking water but no seasonal variation. In addition to that, we found that salinity loads are differing with tube-well depths. The majority of the interviewed people were able to report salinity in drinking water when it was also measured, although with some mismatch between measured and perceived salinity. This might influenced by taste adaptation to salt and other socio-cultural factors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The results suggest that our interdisciplinary approach is useful to explore the state of drinking water salinity in coastal areas, water consumption practices of the coastal community and we concluded that regular water quality monitoring along with people&amp;#180;s perception studies could better support the decision-making related to coastal water management.&lt;/p&gt;

Arsenic exposure and non-carcinogenic health effects

2021 ◽  
pp. 096032712110459
Author(s):  
Macario Martínez-Castillo ◽  
Eliud A García-Montalvo ◽  
Mónica G Arellano-Mendoza ◽  
Luz del C Sánchez-Peña ◽  
Luis E Soria Jasso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Severe Diarrhea ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water

Inorganic arsenic (iAs) exposure is a serious health problem that affects more than 140 million individuals worldwide, mainly, through contaminated drinking water. Acute iAs poisoning produces several symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and severe diarrhea, whereas prolonged iAs exposure increased the risk of several malignant disorders such as lung, urinary tract, and skin tumors. Another sensitive endpoint less described of chronic iAs exposure are the non-malignant health effects in hepatic, endocrine, renal, neurological, hematological, immune, and cardiovascular systems. The present review outlines epidemiology evidence and possible molecular mechanisms associated with iAs-toxicity in several non-carcinogenic disorders.

scholarly journals Dietary Intake, Intestinal Infection, and Safe Drinking Water Among Children with Anemia in Peru: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M Westgard ◽  
Luis A. Orrego-Ferreyros ◽  
Liz Franco Calderón ◽  
Alexandra M. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Intestinal Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
The Government ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Abstract Anemia is a major public health concern that is present in 41.7% of children under 5 worldwide. The prevalence of anemia in Peru was 43.6% in 2017, a decrease by only 6.8% in 8 years. Despite great efforts made by the government to reduce anemia by distributing free multi-micronutrient supplements and promote the consumption of iron rich foods, progress has been slow. The current study sought to better understand the dietary intake, incidence of intestinal infectious disease, and access to safe drinking water by children with anemia in Peru to help explain why the prevalence remains high. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from two national surveys that were combined by child ID. Descriptive statistics was analyzed to understand the experience of children with anemia in comparison to child without anemia. Logistic multivariate regression analyses were conducted to test the associations between anemia and dietary intake, intestinal infection, and access to safe drinking water. RESULTS The sample included 586 children between 6 and 35 months. The prevalence of anemia in this population was 53%. The portion of children that consumed sufficient iron to meet the recommendation for their age was 61%. Of the children with anemia, 52% consumed sufficient iron to meet their recommendation, vs. 47% of children without anemia (p<0.001). The children with anemia were more likely to have an intestinal infection in the last year (35% vs. 26%, p=0.057) and less likely to have access to safe drinking water (23% vs. 14%, p=0.02) than those without anemia. The logistic analysis revealed that having an intestinal infection increased the odds of having anemia (OR=1.59, CI 95% [1.01-2.49]), and having access to safe drinking waters decreased the odds of having anemia (OR=0.56, [0.32-0.96]). CONCLUSIONS More than half of the children with anemia in Peru already consume sufficient iron to meet their daily requirement. However, they continue to have anemia, likely due to intestinal infection, such as diarrhea and parasites, and a lack of access to safe drinking water.

scholarly journals Dietary Intake, Intestinal Infection, and Safe Drinking Water Among Children with Anemia in Peru: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M Westgard ◽  
Luis A. Orrego-Ferreyros ◽  
Liz Franco Calderón ◽  
Alexandra M. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Intestinal Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
The Government ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Abstract Anemia is a major public health concern that is present in 41.7% of children under 5 worldwide. The prevalence of anemia in Peru was 43.6% in 2017, a decrease by only 6.8% in 8 years. Despite great efforts made by the government to reduce anemia by distributing free multi-micronutrient supplements and promote the consumption of iron rich foods, progress has been slow. The current study sought to better understand why the prevalence remains high by analyzing the dietary intake, incidence of intestinal infectious disease, and access to safe drinking water by children with anemia in Peru. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from two national surveys that were combined by child ID. Descriptive statistics was analyzed to understand the experience of children with anemia in comparison to child without anemia. Logistic multivariate regression analyses were conducted to test the associations between anemia and dietary intake, intestinal infection, and access to safe drinking water. RESULTS The sample included 586 children between 6 and 35 months. The prevalence of anemia in this population was 53%. The portion of children that consumed sufficient iron to meet the recommendation for their age was 62%. Of the children with anemia, 52% consumed sufficient iron to meet their recommendation, vs. 72% of children without anemia (p<0.001). The children with anemia were more likely to have an intestinal infection during the previous year (35% vs. 26%, p=0.057) and less likely to have access to safe drinking water (77% vs. 86%, p=0.002) than those without anemia. The logistic analysis revealed that having an intestinal infection increased the odds of having anemia (OR=1.64, CI 95% [1.041-2.584]), and having access to safe drinking waters decreased the odds of having anemia (OR=0.578, [0.334-0.998]). CONCLUSIONS More than half of the children with anemia in Peru already consume sufficient iron to meet their daily requirement. However, they continue to have anemia, likely due to intestinal infection, such as diarrhea and parasites, from a lack of access to safe drinking water and hygienic practices.

scholarly journals Dietary Intake, Intestinal Infection, and Safe Drinking Water Among Children with Anemia in Peru: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M Westgard ◽  
Luis A. Orrego-Ferreyros ◽  
Liz Franco Calderón ◽  
Alexandra M. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Intestinal Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
The Government ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Abstract Anemia is a major public health concern that is present in 41.7% of children under 5 worldwide. The prevalence of anemia in Peru was 43.6% in 2017, a decrease by only 6.8% in 8 years. Despite great efforts made by the government to reduce anemia by distributing free multi-micronutrient supplements and promote the consumption of iron rich foods, progress has been slow. The current study sought to better understand why the prevalence remains high by analyzing the dietary intake, incidence of intestinal infectious disease, and access to safe drinking water by children with anemia in Peru. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from two national surveys that were combined by child ID. Descriptive statistics was analyzed to understand the experience of children with anemia in comparison to child without anemia. Logistic multivariate regression analyses were conducted to test the associations between anemia and dietary intake, intestinal infection, and access to safe drinking water.RESULTS The sample included 586 children between 6 and 35 months. The prevalence of anemia in this population was 53%. The portion of children that consumed sufficient iron to meet the recommendation for their age was 62%. Of the children with anemia, 52% consumed sufficient iron to meet their recommendation, vs. 72% of children without anemia (p<0.001). The children with anemia were more likely to have an intestinal infection during the previous year (35% vs. 26%, p=0.057) and less likely to have access to safe drinking water (77% vs. 86%, p=0.002) than those without anemia. The logistic analysis revealed that having an intestinal infection increased the odds of having anemia (OR=1.64, CI 95% [1.041-2.584]), and having access to safe drinking waters decreased the odds of having anemia (OR=0.578, [0.334-0.998]). CONCLUSIONS More than half of the children with anemia in Peru already consume sufficient iron to meet their daily requirement. However, they continue to have anemia, likely due to intestinal infection, such as diarrhea and parasites, from a lack of access to safe drinking water and hygienic practices.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Use, Disposal and Awareness of Human Health Risk Associated With Consuming Antibiotics in Groundwater Among People Living in Informal Settlements of Kisumu, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kellen Joyce Karimi ◽  
Aijaz A. ◽  
Duse A.G. ◽  
Mwanthi A. M. ◽  
Ayah R.
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Domestic Use

Abstract Background: Informal settlements across SSA have proliferated with increased urban population. Characterized by inadequate water supply, inhabitants resort to groundwater for domestic use. This happens oblivious of water contamination with emerging contaminants in form of antibiotics and their derivatives. Development of antibiotic resistant genes and antibiotic resistant bacteria, causes ill health, thus interventions that increase level of awareness of health effects of consuming water contaminated with antibiotics are requisite. This involves protecting human, animal and environmental in totality in a One-Health approach. This study sought to determine antibiotic use, disposal and level of awareness of health effects associated with consuming water contaminated with antibiotics.Methods: A cross-sectional study of a random sample of 447 households in selected informal settlements of Kisumu County, Kenya was conducted in September 2019. A structured questionnaire was generated based on research questions and administered to heads of households to assess, antibiotic use, disposal and level of awareness of health effects associated with consuming water contaminated with antibiotics. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS version 20.Results: Level of awareness of health effects of consuming water contaminated with antibiotics was low, 35% (n=156), especially among households where a member had used an antibiotic within one month prior to the time of study; p=0.03. Groundwater was used by 99.8% (n=446) for various purposes, including drinking (9% (n=40)), cooking (18%(n=43)), washing utensils (79% (n=353)), clothes (96% (427)) and house (95% (421)). About half the households reported antibiotic use 43% (n=193). Among this, 74% (n=144) consulted a health worker in a healthcare facility for prescription. Respondents who had taken antibiotics did not always complete doses but reported to have kept the remainder for next time they would get sick (54%). About 32% disposed remainder of antibiotics in pit latrines, compost pits (10%) while 4% reported to have burnt them. Conclusion and recommendation:Groundwater is the major water source for domestic use in informal settlements. With low awareness of risks associated with consuming water contaminated with antibiotics, a looming public health concern due to antibiotic resistance necessitate attention to avert health effects that may lead to ill health.

scholarly journals Dietary intake, intestinal infection, and safe drinking water among children with anemia in Peru: a cross-sectional analysis

BMC Nutrition ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Westgard ◽  
Luis A. Orrego-Ferreyros ◽  
Liz Franco Calderón ◽  
Alexandra M. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Intestinal Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
The Government ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Abstract Background Anemia is a major public health concern that is present in 41.7% of children under 5 worldwide. The prevalence of anemia in Peru was 43.6% in 2017, a decrease by only 6.8% in 8 years. Despite great efforts made by the government to reduce anemia by distributing free multi-micronutrient supplements and promote the consumption of iron rich foods, progress has been slow. The current study sought to better understand why the prevalence remains high by analyzing the dietary intake, incidence of intestinal infectious disease, and access to safe drinking water by children with anemia in Peru. Methods A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from two national surveys that were combined by child ID. Descriptive statistics was analyzed to understand the experience of children with anemia in comparison to child without anemia. Logistic multivariate regression analyses were conducted to test the associations between anemia and dietary intake, intestinal infection, and access to safe drinking water. Results The sample included 586 children between 6 and 35 months. The prevalence of anemia in this population was 53%. The portion of children that consumed sufficient iron to meet the recommendation for their age was 62%. Of the children with anemia, 52% consumed sufficient iron to meet their recommendation, vs. 72% of children without anemia (p < 0.001). The children with anemia were more likely to have an intestinal infection during the previous year (35% vs. 26%, p = 0.057) and less likely to have access to safe drinking water (77% vs. 86%, p = 0.002) than those without anemia. The logistic analysis revealed that having an intestinal infection increased the odds of having anemia (OR = 1.64, CI 95% [1.041–2.584]), and having access to safe drinking waters decreased the odds of having anemia (OR = 0.578, [0.334–0.998]). Conclusions More than half of the children with anemia in Peru already consume sufficient iron to meet their daily requirement. However, they continue to have anemia, likely due to intestinal infection, such as diarrhea and parasites, from a lack of access to safe drinking water and hygienic practices.

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