Arsenic exposure and non-carcinogenic health effects

2021 ◽  
pp. 096032712110459
Author(s):  
Macario Martínez-Castillo ◽  
Eliud A García-Montalvo ◽  
Mónica G Arellano-Mendoza ◽  
Luz del C Sánchez-Peña ◽  
Luis E Soria Jasso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Severe Diarrhea ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water

Inorganic arsenic (iAs) exposure is a serious health problem that affects more than 140 million individuals worldwide, mainly, through contaminated drinking water. Acute iAs poisoning produces several symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and severe diarrhea, whereas prolonged iAs exposure increased the risk of several malignant disorders such as lung, urinary tract, and skin tumors. Another sensitive endpoint less described of chronic iAs exposure are the non-malignant health effects in hepatic, endocrine, renal, neurological, hematological, immune, and cardiovascular systems. The present review outlines epidemiology evidence and possible molecular mechanisms associated with iAs-toxicity in several non-carcinogenic disorders.

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanism of Arsenic-Induced Neurotoxicity including Neuronal Dysfunctions

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 10077
Author(s):  
Manisha Thakur ◽  
Mahesh Rachamalla ◽  
Som Niyogi ◽  
Ashok Kumar Datusalia ◽  
Swaran Jeet Singh Flora
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress ◽  
Neurological Effects ◽  
Cellular Dna ◽  
Neurobehavioral Effects

Arsenic is a key environmental toxicant having significant impacts on human health. Millions of people in developing countries such as Bangladesh, Mexico, Taiwan, and India are affected by arsenic contamination through groundwater. Environmental contamination of arsenic leads to leads to various types of cancers, coronary and neurological ailments in human. There are several sources of arsenic exposure such as drinking water, diet, wood preservatives, smoking, air and cosmetics, while, drinking water is the most explored route. Inorganic arsenic exhibits higher levels of toxicity compared its organic forms. Exposure to inorganic arsenic is known to cause major neurological effects such as cytotoxicity, chromosomal aberration, damage to cellular DNA and genotoxicity. On the other hand, long-term exposure to arsenic may cause neurobehavioral effects in the juvenile stage, which may have detrimental effects in the later stages of life. Thus, it is important to understand the toxicology and underlying molecular mechanism of arsenic which will help to mitigate its detrimental effects. The present review focuses on the epidemiology, and the toxic mechanisms responsible for arsenic induced neurobehavioral diseases, including strategies for its management from water, community and household premises. The review also provides a critical analysis of epigenetic and transgenerational modifications, mitochondrial oxidative stress, molecular mechanisms of arsenic-induced oxidative stress, and neuronal dysfunction.

scholarly journals Commonalities in Metabolism of Arsenicals

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blakely M. Adair ◽  
Stephen B. Waters ◽  
Vicenta Devesa ◽  
Zuzana Drobna ◽  
Miroslav Styblo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Environmental Context ◽  
Arsenic Metabolism ◽  
Toxic Species ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water ◽  
Carcinogenic Effects

Environmental Context. Health effects associated with inorganic arsenic include various cancers and increased risk of diabetes. Millions of people in Bangladesh and India are at risk through use of contaminated drinking water. When humans ingest inorganic arsenic, it is rapidly converted to methylated metabolites. Although this methylation process is largely understood, the metabolism of other arsenicals (e.g. arsenosugars to dimethylarsenic) is very unclear. Connections among pathways for metabolism of various arsenicals are now being elucidated. Commonalities and differences in these pathways may be important determinants of the risk associated with exposure to these agents. Abstract. Elucidating the pathway of inorganic arsenic metabolism shows that some of methylated arsenicals formed as intermediates and products are reactive and toxic species. Hence, methylated arsenicals likely mediate at least some of the toxic and carcinogenic effects associated with exposure to arsenic. Trimethylarsonium compounds and arsenosugars are two other classes of arsenicals to which humans are routinely exposed and there is evidence that both classes are metabolized to produce methylated arsenicals. Here, we review evidence for production of methylated metabolism and consider the challenges posed in unraveling a complex web for metabolism of arsenicals in humans.

scholarly journals Association between arsenic exposure from drinking water and proteinuria: results from the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 828-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Chen ◽  
F. Parvez ◽  
M. Liu ◽  
G. R. Pesola ◽  
M. V. Gamble ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Arsenic Exposure

scholarly journals Association between Multi-level Inorganic Arsenic Exposure from Drinking Water and Skin Lesions in China

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojuan Guo ◽  
Yoshihisa Fujino ◽  
Xiaolei Ye ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
Takesumi Yoshimura
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Multi Level

Pesticide Contaminated Drinking Water and Health Effects on Pregnant Women and Children

2019 ◽  
pp. 123-136
Author(s):  
Sanjeevi Ramakrishnan ◽  
Anuradha Jayaraman
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water ◽  
Women And Children

In the recent years, pesticide research and regulatory efforts have focused on the prevention of acute health effects from pesticide poisonings and pesticide residues on foods, but more attention is being given to the deleterious chronic health effects. Children and pregnant women's exposure to contaminated water in particular are at high risk for subsequent adverse health outcomes. The chapter summaries the health effects of water contamination.

scholarly journals Inorganic Arsenic Exposure Decreases Muscle Mass and Enhances Denervation-Induced Muscle Atrophy in Mice

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (13) ◽  
pp. 3057
Author(s):  
Chang-Mu Chen ◽  
Min-Ni Chung ◽  
Chen-Yuan Chiu ◽  
Shing-Hwa Liu ◽  
Kuo-Cheng Lan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Muscle Endurance ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional

Arsenic is a toxic metalloid. Infants with a low birth-weight have been observed in areas with high-level arsenic in drinking water ranging from 463 to 1025 μg/L. A distal muscular atrophy side effect has been observed in acute promyelocytic leukemia patients treated with arsenic trioxide (As2O3) for therapy. The potential of As2O3 on muscle atrophy remains to be clarified. In this study, the myoatrophic effect of arsenic was evaluated in normal mice and sciatic nerve denervated mice exposed with or without As2O3 (0.05 and 0.5 ppm) in drinking water for 4 weeks. We found that both 0.05 and 0.5 ppm As2O3 increased the fasting plasma glucose level; but only 0.5 ppm arsenic exposure significantly decreased muscle mass, muscle endurance, and cross-sectional area of muscle fibers, and increased muscle Atrogin-1 protein expression in the normal mice. Both 0.05 and 0.5 ppm As2O3 also significantly enhanced the inhibitory effects on muscle endurance, muscle mass, and cross-sectional area of muscle fibers, and increased the effect on muscle Atrogin-1 protein expression in the denervated mice. These in vivo results suggest that inorganic arsenic at doses relevant to humans may possess myoatrophic potential.

Arsenic exposure with reference to neurological impairment: an overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-414
Author(s):  
Anupama Sharma ◽  
Sunil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
The World ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water ◽  
Existing Data ◽  
As Toxicity

Abstract Arsenic (As) toxicity has become a public health and environmental problem, which is a serious issue in certain parts of the world. Many people are exposed to As through contaminated drinking water, food and soil, through occupation, etc. Chronic As exposure is linked to various hostile health effects including skin problems, cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, reproductive and developmental and neurological problems in exposed subjects. Experimental existing data indicate that chronic As exposure affects the nervous system by impairing the nerve and brain tissues of the exposed animals, and clinical studies indicate that As exposure leads to both central nervous system and peripheral nervous system impairments and also causes depression, memory impairment and difficulty in problem solving, affects body coordination, etc. Various prenatal and postnatal studies with respect to As exposure also suggest that developing offspring and young children are susceptible to As exposure. The only solution to this serious health problem is to stop occupational As exposure and provide As free drinking water to the affected population.

An investigation of the health effects caused by exposure to arsenic from drinking water and coal combustion: arsenic exposure and metabolism

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (33) ◽  
pp. 25947-25954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binggan Wei ◽  
Jiangping Yu ◽  
Chang Kong ◽  
Hairong Li ◽  
Linsheng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Arsenic Exposure
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