scholarly journals Early Waning of Maternal Measles Antibodies in Infants in Zhejiang Province, China: A Comparison of Two Cross-Sectional Serosurveys

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ka Chun Chong ◽  
Yan Rui ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Tianyuan Zhou ◽  
Katherine Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Measles Antibodies ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
Antibody Levels

In China, children aged <8 months, who were expected to be protected by maternal antibodies before receiving the first dose of measles vaccine, were the age group with the greatest risk of infection in recent years. In this study, we evaluated whether infants yet to be age-eligible for measles vaccine had a sufficient seropositive level of maternal measles antibodies in 2009 and 2013. Blood samples were collected from infants aged <8 months through population-based serological surveys conducted in Zhejiang, China. Serum levels of immunoglobulin G measles antibodies were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In 2013, the mean geometric mean titres (GMTs) of infants aged 4 to 8 months were below the seropositivity threshold (<200 mIU/mL), decreasing from 118.6 mIU/mL (95% confidence interval [CI] 83.0, 169.3 mIU/mL) at 4 months to 28.6 mIU/mL (95% CI 15.6, 52.3 mIU/mL) at 7 months. Antibody levels were significantly lower in 2013 than in 2009 starting from 5 months of age. In conclusion, infants aged 4 to 8 months are susceptible to measles due to low levels of maternal measles antibodies. It is thus suggested to provide infants with a supplementary dose on top of the routine schedule, and/or launch catch-up vaccination campaigns among young women.

scholarly journals Tetanus Immunity among Women Aged 15 to 39 Years in Cambodia: a National Population-Based Serosurvey, 2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 546-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather M. Scobie ◽  
Bunsoth Mao ◽  
Sokhal Buth ◽  
Kathleen A. Wannemuehler ◽  
Charlotte Sørensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Nulliparous Women ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Multiple Pathogens ◽  
Tetanus Immunity

To monitor progress toward maternal and neonatal tetanus elimination (MNTE) in Cambodia, we conducted a nationwide serosurvey of tetanus immunity in 2012. Multistage cluster sampling was used to select 2,154 women aged 15 to 39 years. Tetanus toxoid antibodies in serum samples were measured by gold-standard double-antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAE) and a novel multiplex bead assay (MBA). Antibody concentrations of ≥0.01 IU/ml by DAE or the equivalent for MBA were considered seroprotective. Estimated tetanus seroprotection was 88% (95% confidence interval [CI], 86 to 89%); 64% (95% CI, 61 to 67%) of women had antibody levels of ≥1.0 IU/ml. Seroprotection was significantly lower (P< 0.001) among women aged 15 to 19 years (63%) and 20 to 24 years (87%) than among those aged ≥25 years (96%), among nulliparous women than among parous women (71 versus 97%), and among those living in the western region than among those living in other regions (82 versus 89%). The MBA showed high sensitivity (99% [95% CI, 98 to 99%]) and specificity (92% [95% CI, 88 to 95%]) compared with DAE. Findings were compatible with MNTE in Cambodia (≥80% protection). Tetanus immunity gaps should be addressed through strengthened routine immunization and targeted vaccination campaigns. Incorporating tetanus testing in national serosurveys using MBAs, which can measure immunity to multiple pathogens simultaneously, may be beneficial for monitoring MNTE.

scholarly journals Humoral Immunity against Measles in Mother–Infant Pairs during the First Year of Life in Greece: A Cross-Sectional Study

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Florentia Kanakoudi-Tsakalidou ◽  
Evangelia Farmaki ◽  
Eleni Papadimitriou ◽  
Anna Taparkou ◽  
Eleni Agakidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Measles Antibodies ◽  
Measles Outbreaks ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Antibody Levels

Measles outbreaks have surfaced in Europe during the last decades. Infants <12 months of age were the most severely affected pediatric population. The aim of this study was to investigate the duration of maternally derived measles antibodies in infants aged 1 to 12 months in relation to maternal humoral immune status and other parameters. In a prospective, cross-sectional cohort study, 124 mother/infant pairs and 63 additional infants were recruited from October 2015 through December 2019. Infants were hospitalized in a university pediatric department of a general hospital. Demographic and epidemiological data were recorded and blood samples were collected from mothers and their infants. Commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for measuring measles antibodies. Fifty nine percent of mothers had vaccine-induced and 15% infection-acquired measles immunity. Eighty-eight percent and 94% of infants were unprotected by 5 and 10 months of age, respectively. Maternal antibody levels and infant age were significant independent predictors of infants’ antibody levels whereas the method of maternal immunity acquisition, age, and origin [Greek/non-Greek] were not. Our findings suggest that about 90% of infants are susceptible to measles beyond the age of 4 months. To our knowledge, these are the first data from Greece reported under the current community composition and epidemiological conditions.

scholarly journals Circulating bioactive sclerostin levels in an Austrian population-based cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Kerschan-Schindl ◽  
Ursula Föger-Samwald ◽  
Andreas Gleiss ◽  
Stefan Kudlacek ◽  
Jacqueline Wallwitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Levels ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Robust Parameter ◽  
Austrian Population ◽  
Different Levels

Summary Background Circulating serum sclerostin levels are supposed to give a good estimation of the levels of this negative regulator of bone mass within bone. Most studies evaluating total serum sclerostin found different levels in males compared to females and in older compared to younger subjects. Besides an ELISA detecting total sclerostin an ELISA determining bioactive sclerostin has been developed. The aim of this study was to investigate serum levels of bioactive sclerostin in an Austrian population-based cohort. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional observational study in 235 healthy subjects. Using the bioactive ELISA assay (Biomedica) bioactive sclerostin levels were evaluated. Results Serum levels of bioactive sclerostin were higher in men than in women (24%). The levels correlated positively with age (r = 0.47). A positive correlation could also be detected with body mass index and bone mineral density. Conclusion Using the ELISA detecting bioactive sclerostin our results are consistent with data in the literature obtained by different sclerostin assays. The determination of sclerostin concentrations in peripheral blood thus appears to be a robust parameter of bone metabolism.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Blood Level of Adiponectin in Pregnant Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (06) ◽  
pp. 429-435
Author(s):  
Elaine Cristina Rocha Pádua ◽  
Silvia Daher ◽  
Isa de Pádua Cintra Sampaio ◽  
Edward Araujo Júnior ◽  
Cristina Falbo Guazzelli
Keyword(s):  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Serum Adiponectin ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Pregnant Adolescents ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adolescent Group ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Intergroup Comparison

Abstract Objective To evaluate serum levels of adiponectin in pregnant adolescents between 30 and 36 weeks of gestation. Method: A prospective cross-sectional study enrolled 67 normal pregnant women between 30 and 36 weeks of gestation and eutrophic (body mass index [BMI]: 18.5–25 kg/m2), of which 36 were adolescents (< 20 years old) and 31 adults (≥ 20 years old). Serum adiponectin levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The t-student or Mann-Whitney tests were used for intergroup comparison. Results Pregnant adolescents showed significantly higher serum adiponectin concentrations compared with pregnant adults (p = 0.04). No differences were observed in adiponectin levels in younger pregnant adolescents (< 16 years old) compared with older pregnant adolescents (≥ 16 years old). Adiponectin values were divided into 3 subgroups: < 3,000 ng/mL, between 3,000 and 5,000 ng/mL, and > 5,000 ng/mL. Birthweight was significantly higher in women > 5,000 ng/mL when compared with < 3,000 ng/mL in the adolescent group. No association between pregestational adiponectin levels and BMI, gestational weight gain, and gestational age was observed; however, there was a positive relation with birthweight (p = 0.0239). Conclusion Serum adiponectin values in pregnant adolescents between 30 and 36 weeks of gestation were higher compared with pregnant adults; however, no differences between younger and older pregnant adolescents were observed.

Abstract P137: Association Of Equol Producing Capacity With Aortic Calcification In Middle-aged Japanese Men

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
Akira Fujiyoshi ◽  
Aya Kadota ◽  
Vasudha Ahuja ◽  
Abhishek Vishnu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Levels ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Aortic Calcification ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Japanese Men ◽  
The Us ◽  
Multivariable Analyses ◽  
20 Nm

Background: Soy isoflavones (ISFs) are regularly consumed in Japan and other Asian countries where some studies showed a significant inverse association of ISFs intake with incident coronary heart disease (CHD). However, a US randomized clinical trial did not find ISFs as anti-atherogenic. This discrepancy may be due to the higher capacity of people in Japan than in the US to produce equol, a metabolite of ISF by the gut microbiome. Equol may have greater anti-atherogenic properties than ISFs. It is unknown whether equol producers (EP), people who produce equol after consuming ISF, have lower aortic calcification (AC), a biomarker of atherosclerosis, as compared to non-EP. Aim: To determine the association between equol producing status and AC in Japanese men. Method: This cross-sectional, population-based study included 302 Japanese men aged 40-49, free of CHD. EP was defined as participants with serum levels of equol ≥20 nM. AC was measured in the entire aorta and quantified by the Agatston method. The presence of AC was defined as AC score ≥10. We analyzed the association between equol producing status and AC using the Tobit and the logistic regressions. Result: We observed 125 participants as EP. In multivariable analyses, EP had non-significantly lower AC score by 147 (95% confidence interval (CI): -386, 92) units and an odds ratio of 0.71 (95% CI: 0.40, 1.26) for the AC presence as compared to non-EP. As significant interaction of equol producing status with age was present, we stratified the analyses by the median age. In men aged 45-49 years, EP had non-significantly lower AC score by 246 units and a non-significant 0.62 times the odds of AC presence as compared to non-EP; the corresponding values in men aged 40-44 were 12 units and 0.91 times (Table). Such an association was not observed with serum ISFs (data not shown). Conclusion: Japanese middle-aged men who were EP had non-significantly lower AC than non-EP and such association was stronger in men aged 45-49 than 40-44 years. Further study with much larger sample size is warranted.

scholarly journals Splenomegaly in relation to Schistosoma mansoni egg counts: a population based study

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 389-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Fernanda Furtado de Lima e Costa ◽  
R. S. Bocha ◽  
Naftale Katz
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Analysis ◽  
The Individual

A cross: sectional survey on schistosomiasis was done in Comercinho (Minas Gerais State, Brazil), a town with 1474 inhabitants. Stool (Kato-Katz method) and physical examinations were done on 90% of the population and on 84% of the individuals over 2 years of age, respectively. The ecological and individual (case-control) analysis were used to investigate the relation between splenomegaly and S. mansoni egg counts in different age groups. In the ecological analysis there was a clearly correspondence between higher geometric mean of eggs and higher percentage of splenomegaly in the age groups 5-9 and 10-12 years. In the individual analysis it was found that only in the youngest individuals (5-8 or 5-9 years old) the splenomegaly was related with higher mean egg counts in the feces, having been a tendency to the decrease of excretion of eggs in patients with splenomegaly as the age increased. These results strongly suggest that the ecological data are' better indicator of the severity of schistosomiasis in endemic areas, as the decrease of the egg excretion in patients with splenomegaly may be a confounding variable for the individual analysis.

scholarly journals A study of maternally derived measles antibody in infants born to naturally infected and vaccinated women

1996 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Brugha ◽  
M. Ramsay ◽  
T. Forsey ◽  
D. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
History Of ◽  
Measles Vaccination ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Over Time

SummaryMaternal, cord and infant measles antibody levels were measured and compared in a group of 411 vaccinated mothers and 240 unvaccinated mothers, and their babies, between 1983 and 1991. Maternal and cord sera were tested by haemagglutination inhibition and/or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and plaque reduction neutralization tests were also used to test infant sera. Geometric mean litres were significantly higher in the unvaccinated than in the vaccinated mothers (P< 0·001). Infants born to mothers with a history of measles had higher antibody levels at birth than infants of vaccinated mothers and, although the difference narrowed over time, continued to have higher levels up to 30 weeks of age. Between 5 and 7 months of age significantly more of the children of vaccinated mothers had plaque reduction neutralization antibody levels below that which would interfere with vaccination. As the boosting effect of circulating natural measles disappears, earlier measles vaccination may need to be considered, perhaps as part of a two-dose policy.

scholarly journals Safety and Immunogenicity of a Recombinant Nonglycosylated Erythrocyte Binding Antigen 175 Region II Malaria Vaccine in Healthy Adults Living in an Area Where Malaria Is Not Endemic

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 1552-1559 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. El Sahly ◽  
S. M. Patel ◽  
R. L. Atmar ◽  
T. A. Lanford ◽  
T. Dube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Malaria Vaccine ◽  
Aluminum Phosphate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Systemic Reactions ◽  
Erythrocyte Binding ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Region Ii

ABSTRACT Erythrocyte binding antigen region II (EBA-175) is a conserved antigen of Plasmodium falciparum that is involved in binding of the parasite to the host's erythrocytes. We evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant EBA-175 vaccine with aluminum phosphate adjuvant in healthy young adults living in the United States. Eighteen subjects/group received ascending doses (5, 20, 80, or 160 μg) of the vaccine at 0, 1, and 6 months; 8 subjects received placebo. Most of the injection site and systemic reactions were mild to moderate in intensity. After 2 or 3 doses of the vaccine at any concentration, antibody levels measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were significantly higher than those for the placebo group. Sera from subjects who received 3 doses of the vaccine at any concentration inhibited the growth of erythrocyte-stage P. falciparum at low levels compared to sera from placebo recipients or preimmune sera. In conclusion, the EBA-175 vaccine with adjuvant was safe and immunogenic in malaria-naïve subjects.

Antibody Profile of Colostrum and the Effect of Processing in Human Milk Banks: Implications in Immunoregulatory Properties

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Rodríguez-Camejo ◽  
Arturo Puyol ◽  
Laura Fazio ◽  
Analía Rodríguez ◽  
Emilia Villamil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Specific Reactivity ◽  
Antibody Profile ◽  
Milk Banks ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Mother’S Own Milk

Background: When feeding preterm infants, donor milk is preferred if the mother’s own milk is unavailable. Pasteurization may have detrimental effects on bioactivity, but more information is needed about its effects on the immunological compounds. Research aim: This work has two main aims: evaluate the antibody profile of colostrum and study the quantitative variations in the antibodies’ level and specific reactivity after undergoing Holder pasteurization. The authors focused on immunoregulatory components of colostrum (antidietary antibodies and TGF-β2) in the neonatal gut. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study of a convenience sample of 67 donated colostrum samples at different days after delivery, both raw and pasteurized. Antibody profiles were analyzed at different times during breastfeeding, and total and specific antibodies (IgM, IgA, and IgG subclasses) were compared with tetanus toxoid and ovalbumin using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The processing effect on total and specific antibodies, as well as TGF-β2, was evaluated by paired analyses. Results: No variations in immunological compounds were observed throughout the colostrum stage. The TGF-β2, antibodies’ concentrations, and antibodies’ specific reactivity after pasteurization did not vary significantly as days of lactation varied. Changes in antibody levels were dependent on isotype and IgG subclass, and IgG4 showed remarkable resistance to heating. Moreover, the effect of the pasteurization on specific reactivity was antigen dependent. Conclusion: The supply of relevant immunological components is stable throughout the colostrum stage. The effects of pasteurization on antibodies depend on isotype, subclass, and specificity. This information is relevant to improving the immunological quality of colostrum, especially for preterm newborns.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Serum Levels of Hepatic Enzymes and Plasma Proteins between Different Types of Acute Viral Hepatitis

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
MA Zaman ◽  
HB Asad ◽  
MN Roy ◽  
N Hoque ◽  
M Nasiruddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Acute Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hepatic Enzymes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Different Types

This cross-sectional study was carried out in 80 serologically diagnosed cases of acute viral hepatitis to assess and compare the serum hepatic enzymes & plasma proteins between four different types (A,B,C,E), 20 in each group. Hepatitis E, hepatitis B and hepatitis C were more prevalent in males than that in females. The study showed that geometric mean of S.AST of all the four types differed significantly (F= 274.94, p<0.001). Geometric mean of S.ALT, S.AST and S.ALP in cases of HCV were significantly lower than others (p<0.001). Geometric mean of S.ALT & S.AST in cases of HEV were significantly increased than others (p<0.001). But the geometric mean of S.ALP of HBV was significantly higher than others (p<0.001). On the other hand though S.ALP of HAV and HEV was lower than HBV but significantly higher than HCV (p<0.001). The mean±SD of serum albumin of HCV was decreased significantly in contrast to those of HAV and HBV (p<0.001). A:G ratio of HCV was also significantly lower than other three (p<0.001). It was revealed through the study that hepatic enzymes were most affected in cases of HEV but least affected in cases of HCV. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmb.v3i1.13803 Bangladesh J Med Biochem 2010; 3(1): 19-22

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