scholarly journals A Systematic Literature Review on Water Insecurity from an Oregon Public Health Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1122
Author(s):  
Cordelia Schimpf ◽  
Curtis Cude
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Community Education ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Water Insecurity ◽  
Public Health Perspective

This paper systematically reviews existing United States-based water insecurity literature with the goal of understanding the evidence base for developing public health water insecurity intervention strategies in Oregon. The authors conducted the systematic literature review using an adjusted PRISMA reporting checklist to document the review process. Results find 11 public health-related water insecurity interventions including surveillance practices and indicator and policy development. Research on water insecurity health impacts and solutions is still an emerging field. Nevertheless, state agencies perceive a risk to communities from inadequate safe water and are taking steps to assess and reduce these risks. From the review, strategies include improving water affordability, carrying out community education events, documenting drought risk and water loss, and tracking improvements in safe drinking water compliance. The review finds opportunities to take varied approaches that are community-specific, partnership-based and culturally relevant. Recommendations for Oregon include characterizing communities experiencing water insecurity, assessing community needs, tracking regional water scarcity and recognizing the human right to water in Oregon.

scholarly journals Anti-Human Trafficking Campaigns

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Szablewska ◽  
Krzysztof Kubacki
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
The Future

This study aims to systematically identify and review studies on anti-human trafficking campaigns published in peer-reviewed journals to determine the extent to which such campaigns have been critically and rigorously evaluated so as to guide future policies and practice in this area and to identify the main characteristics, problems, and challenges associated with the campaigns in the identified studies. This systematic literature review identified 16 studies that have assessed anti-human trafficking campaigns but found that none of these included outcome, process, or impact evaluations. As identified in our study, anti-human trafficking campaigns tend to rely on advertising techniques to target vulnerable groups and the wider public, with the primary aim of informing and educating. Further, a thematic analysis of the studies identified problems in eight areas that require attention in the future development of anti-human trafficking campaigns: stereotyping, compounding human trafficking with migration, conflating prostitution with human trafficking, sexualization/erotization of women, victimization, role of anti-human trafficking organizations, data shortcomings, and oversimplification of human trafficking. Studies presenting the results of evaluations of social marketing anti-human trafficking campaigns are urgently needed to show which social marketing tools work and to provide an evidence base for future campaigns.

scholarly journals Health and Wellbeing Boards: a new dawn for public health partnerships?

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (5/6) ◽  
pp. 220-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Perkins ◽  
David James Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Health Partnerships ◽  
Current Evidence Base

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to consider the effectiveness of partnership working in public health and draws on a systematic review of public health partnerships and original research conducted by the authors. It then considers in the light of research evidence whether the recently established Health and Wellbeing Boards (HWBs) under the 2012 Health and Social Care Act will help agencies to work together more effectively to improve population health or will go the way of previous initiatives and fall short of their original promise. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on a systematic literature review conducted by the authors and empirical research focusing upon the ability of public health partnerships to reduce health inequalities and improve population health outcomes. It also draws on recent studies evaluating HWBs. Findings – The paper finds that, hitherto, public health partnerships have had limited impact on improving population health and reducing health inequalities and that there is a danger that HWBs will follow the same path-dependent manner of previous partnership initiatives with limited impact in improving population health outcomes and reducing health inequalities. Research limitations/implications – The research draws on a systematic literature review and further scoping review of public health partnerships, in addition to empirical research conducted by the authors. It also reviews the current evidence base on HWBs. It is recognised that HWBs are in their early stages and have not as yet had the time to fulfil their role in service collaboration and integration. Practical implications – The paper gives an overview of how and why public health partnerships in the past have not lived up to the expectations placed upon them. It then offers practical steps that HWBs need to take to take to ensure the mistakes of the past are not replicated in the future. Social implications – The research outlines how public health partnerships can operate in a more effective manner, to ensure a more seamless provision for service users. The paper then gives pointers as to how this can benefit HWBs and the wider community they serve. Originality/value – The paper draws on a comprehensive research study of the effectiveness of public health partnerships on improving health outcomes and a systematic literature review. In addition, it also draws upon the current evidence base evaluating HWBs, to inform the discussion on their future prospects, in regard to partnership working in public health and promoting service integration.

scholarly journals Mentalization‐based treatment and its evidence‐base status: A systematic literature review

2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Malda‐Castillo ◽  
Claire Browne ◽  
Guillermo Perez‐Algorta
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Evidence Base

scholarly journals Injury Prevention: A Public Health Concern for India

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-276
Author(s):  
R Lakhan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Community Education ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Mixed Traffic ◽  
Drinking And Driving ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Education And Awareness

The poor implementation of traffic rules & regulations, heterogeneous mixed traffic, poorly designed roads, traffic vehicles, increasing speed, poor use of protective device such as helmet, drinking and driving, poor visibility, and poor trauma care are a major concern in reducing the prevalence of injuries and related outcome5. Looking at the magnitude of the problems, strong public health emphasis is needed in the areas of research, policy development, community education and awareness, and the health care system in India.  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v3i3.9189 Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 2013;3(3): 275-276

Social determinants of mental health and policy implications

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 574-574
Author(s):  
I. Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
The Social

IntroductionWHO has defined the social determinants of mental health (2008) as “social justice is a matter of life or death. Affects how people live, their propensity for disease and risk of premature death”. Underlies that health is not only determined by biological, but by social factors that can be divided into: Economic, Gender and Cultural.ObjectivesThe author proposes to do a literature review focusing on a consensus on the social determinants of mental health, and the implications on the policies of various countries.Aims and methodsWe performed a literature review using textbooks and research papers (Medline, Pubmed, 1997–2010).ResultsTopics about Social Determinants of Mental Health often establish, the social gradient, situations of stress, childhood development, poverty, drug dependence, conditions at work, unemployment, social support, food, transportation policies, gender and cultural determinants.The Global Movement for Mental Health should play an important role in public health activities, focusing on global mental illness. To do this effectively, the mental health professionals need to confront global poverty, its relationship with the political and economic developments as well as the consequences for common mental illnesses.ConclusionsIn a public health perspective, evidence of the mechanisms of this relationship can be used to consider a variety of primary and secondary preventive strategies with regard to mental health.

Youth gambling: A public health perspective

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Messerlian ◽  
Jeffrey L. Derevensky
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
Youth Gambling ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Support Research

Over the last decade research in the area of youth gambling has led to a better understanding of the risk factors, trajectories and problems associated with this behaviour. At the same time, governments have begun to recognize the importance of youth gambling and have offered to support research and treatment programs. Yet, public health and prevention in the realm of youth gambling has only recently drawn the attention of researchers and health professionals. Early work by Korn and Shaffer (1999) set the groundwork for a public health approach to gambling. This paper attempts to apply health promotion theory to youth gambling and describes a conceptual framework and model. Strategies focus on addressing risk and protective factors through community mobilization, health communication, and policy development. It is anticipated that this paper will provide future directions and serve as a starting point for addressing youth gambling issues from this new perspective.

scholarly journals Efficiency measures of emergency departments: an Italian systematic literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e001058
Author(s):  
Danilo Di Laura ◽  
Lucia D'Angiolella ◽  
Lorenzo Mantovani ◽  
Ginevra Squassabia ◽  
Francesco Clemente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Emergency Departments ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The World

Life expectancy globally increased in the last decades: the number of people aged 65 or older is consequently projected to grow, and healthcare demand will increase as well. In the recent years, the number of patients visiting the hospital emergency departments (EDs) rocked in almost all countries of the world. These departments are crucial in all healthcare systems and play a critical role in providing an efficient assistance to all patients. A systematic literature review covering PubMed, Scopus and the Cochrane Library was performed from 2009 to 2019. Of the 718 references found in the literature research, more than 25 studies were included in the current review. Different predictors were associated with the quality of EDs care, which may help to define and implement preventive strategies in the near future. There is no harmonisation in efficiency measurements reflecting the performance in the ED setting. The identification of consistent measures of efficiency is crucial to build an evidence base for future initiatives. The aim of this study is to review the literature on the problems encountered in the efficiency of EDs around the world in order to identify an organisational model or guidelines that can be implemented in EDs to fill inefficiencies and ensure access optimal treatment both in terms of resources and timing. This review will support policy makers to improve the quality of health facilities, and, consequently of the entire healthcare systems.

scholarly journals Screening Tools as a Predictor of Injury in Gymnastics: Systematic Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Armstrong ◽  
Nicola Relph
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Acute Injuries ◽  
Movement Screening ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background Gymnastics requires a high level of physical ability and technical skill which utilises short sets of athleticism and artistry to perform complex and intense movements which can overload musculoskeletal tissues and result in acute injuries which can develop into chronic injuries. The aim of this systematic literature review was to investigate which screening tools predict injury in gymnasts and encompasses all genres, levels and ages. Methods An electronic search of seven databases from their inception until March 2021 was conducted. The databases were the Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, CINAHL, eBook Collection (EBSCOhost), MEDLINE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, SPORTDiscus and PEDro (the Physiotherapy Evidence Base). A combination of the following search terms was used: (1) Gymnastics AND injury AND Screening, (2) Screening AND Gymnastics and (3) Musculoskeletal AND Screening AND Gymnastics. These terms were searched in all text, abstract, title and subject terms. Studies were assessed using a 20-point scoring tool. Results The mean methodological quality score was 13.1 points (range 10–17 points). Range of motion, anthropometric and postural measurements, hypermobility, clinical diagnostic tests, movement screening tools, muscle strength, power and endurance were reported in the included studies. Some evidence existed for screening measurement of height and mass as taller and heavier gymnasts might be more susceptible to injury; however, the different methodologies utilised and lack of acknowledgment of confounding variables limit the clinical relevance of these findings. Conclusions Height and mass should be recorded during the screening process. A lack of heterogeneity in study methodology prevented a meta-analysis. Studies were limited by a lack of prospective injury design, poor injury definition, self-reporting of injury and only 2 studies reported reliability of screening tools. Further research is required to determine the role of injury screening in gymnastics. Registration: The review protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with the registration number CRD42020218339.

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