Influence of Family Environment and Tobacco Addiction: A Short Report from a Post-Graduate Teaching Hospital, India

Background: The initiation of tobacco addiction is complex, and several factors contribute to the onset of this behavior. It is presumed that the influence of family environment may pose a key factor in tobacco addiction. Tobacco-use has been highly observed in the Jamnagar district of Saurashtra region of Gujarat, India. No earlier study has focused on determining the pervasiveness of tobacco-use in families of tobacco users and non-users in this geographical area. Thus, this study aimed to assess the practice and pattern of tobacco-use (smoking and/or tobacco-chewing) in the families of tobacco-user patients. Methods: We studied the families of 65 tobacco-user patients (Group 1) who visited an outpatient clinic of an Ayurvedic post-graduate hospital with complaints of cough were studied and compared with age and gender-matched non-tobacco users (Group 2). The prevalence of tobacco use among the parents, siblings, and children of both groups was analyzed and compared. Results: The findings revealed that tobacco use among parents, siblings, and children in Group 1 was higher than Group 2 (p < 0.001). This meant that the problems of tobacco addiction are not always related to the individual, and therefore, tobacco-prevention strategies should focus on the entire family. Conclusions: These findings offer further insight into the promotion of smoking prevention interventions. Nevertheless, further research is warranted.

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Socioeconomic Status and COVID-19 Related Outcomes in India: Hospital Based Study

10.1101/2021.05.17.21257364 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Arvind K Sharma ◽

Rajeev Gupta ◽

Vaseem N Baig ◽

Tejaveer Singh ◽

Surabhi Chakraborty ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Tobacco Use ◽

Educational Status ◽

Invasive Ventilation ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Non Invasive Ventilation ◽

High Flow Oxygen ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

ABSTRACT Background & Objective: COVID-19 infection has disproportionately affected ethnic minorities and deprived populations in Europe and North America. Influence of socioeconomic status on COVID-19 related outcomes has not been studied in India. To determine association of educational status, as marker of socioeconomic status, with COVID-19 related outcomes we performed a study. Methods: Clinically and virologically confirmed successive patients of COVID-19 presenting at a government hospital in India were recruited. Demographic and clinical details were recorded. The cohort was classified according to educational status into Group 1- illiterate or < primary, Group 2- higher secondary, and Group 3- some college. To compare outcomes among groups we performed univariate and multivariate logistic regression and odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results: From March-September 2020 we recruited 4645 patients (men 3386, women 1259) with laboratory confirmed COVID-19. Mean age was 46+18y, most lived in moderate or large households and 30.5% had low educational status. Smoking or tobacco use was in 29.5%, co-morbidities in 28.6% and low oxygen concentration (SpO2 <95%) at admission in 30%. Average length of hospital stay was 6.8+3.7 days, supplemental oxygen was provided in 18.4%, high flow oxygen or non-invasive ventilation 7.1%, and mechanical ventilation in 3.6%. 340 patients (7.3%) died. Group 1 patients were younger, more women, larger households, higher tobacco use and were more hypoxic at admission with lower lymphocyte counts, elevated liver enzymes and greater kidney dysfunction. In Group 1 vs Groups 2 and 3 requirement of oxygen (21.6 vs 16.7 and 17.0%), non-invasive ventilation (8.0 vs 5.9 and 7.1%), invasive ventilation (4.6 vs 3.5 and 3.1%) and deaths (10.0 vs 6.8 and 5.5%) were significantly greater (p<0.05). Compared to Group 3, OR for deaths were significantly higher in Group 1 (1.91, 1.46-2.51) and Group 2 (1.24, 0.93-1.66). Adjustment for age, sex, household size, risk factors and comorbidities led to attenuation in OR in Groups 1 (1.44, 1.07-1.93) and 2 (1.38, 1.02-1.85) that remained with adjustments for clinical and laboratory parameters and oxygen support in Groups 1 (1.38, 0.99-1.93) and 2 (1.52, 1.01-2.11). Conclusion: Illiterate and less educational (socioeconomic) status patients with COVID-19 in India have significantly greater adverse in-hospital outcomes and mortality. This is related to more severe disease at presentation.

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A field trial evaluation of the prophylactic efficacy of amitraz-impregnated collars against canine babesiosis (Babesia canis rossi) in South Africa

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association ◽

10.4102/jsava.v78i2.291 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 78 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

R.D. Last ◽

J.D. Hill ◽

P.T. Matjila ◽

C.A. Reme

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Geographical Area ◽

Tick Control ◽

Domestic Dog ◽

Control Group ◽

Babesia Canis ◽

Canine Babesiosis ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

South African canine babesiosis caused by Babesia canis rossi is a common clinical disease in dogs in South Africa and remains a significant cause of domestic dog mortality. To determine whether tick-repellent, 9% amitraz-impregnated tick collars (Preventic-Virbac) could prevent tick-borne exposure to B. canis rossi, 50 dogs were assigned to two groups. Group 1 (20 dogs), polymerase chain reaction (PCR)- and reverse line blot (RLB)-negative for B. canis rossi, were fitted with amitraz collars and blood samples collected monthly , over a 6-month period, and analysed for B. canis rossi. Group 2 (30 dogs) included 5 dogs selected on a month-by-month basis from a population of dogs from the same geographical area as the group 1 dogs, but with no history of previous tick control, which were blood-sampled together with the treatment group and analysed for B. canis rossi by PCR and RLB, to serve as the control group. Eight of the 30 control dogs (26.6 %) were PCR / RLB positive for B. canis rossi, indicating high pathogen exposure during the trial period. All twenty of the treatment group dogs remained negative for B. canis rossi throughout the 6 months of the trial. These results suggest that the use of amitraz-impregnated collars had a significant effect on reducing infection with B. canis rossi.

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Self-reported psychological disorders among the mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and typically developed children

Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽

10.1186/s11689-021-09369-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ahmed Malalla Al Ansari ◽

Mohamed Ismael Janahi ◽

Abdulrahman J. AlTourah ◽

Haitham Ali Jahrami ◽

Mansour Bin Rajab

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Diabetes Management ◽

Geographical Area ◽

Children With Autism ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Control Group ◽

Management Plans ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Abstract Background To assess the prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress among mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), type 1 diabetes (DM), and typical development (TD), in a geographical area where such data are lacking Method A descriptive study with the three groups of parents of children with and without a condition was conducted (ASD n=126, group 1; DM n=43, group 2; and TD n= 116, comparative group). Measures of depression, anxiety, and stress were collected to examine the prevalence of factors, difference between groups, and their association with demographic characteristics. Results On the DASS-21, both groups 1 and 2 had higher mean scores for depression (37.86), anxiety (4.58), and stress (29.81) than the control group (P=0.015). On the PSS-14, the mean score was higher in group 2 (28.63) than in group 1 (27.61) and the comparison group (25.87) (P=0.004). On the DASS 21, group 1 scored higher in the depression domain (P=0.046), whereas group 2 scored higher in the anxiety domain (P=0.034) and stress domain (P=0.009) than the TD group. Conclusion Mothers of children with ASD should be assessed for the presence of depression following diagnosis. Mothers of children with type 1 diabetes require careful monitoring for the effects of anxiety and stress on their mental health and therefore their ability to cope with diabetes management plans. Trial registration Not applicable.

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Abstract P697: Vasomotor Symptoms of Menopause Increase Stroke Risk in Migraineurs

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.52.suppl_1.p697 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Morgan Figurelle ◽

Dawn M Meyer ◽

Emily Perrinez ◽

Karen Rapp ◽

Rebecca Wells ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Tobacco Use ◽

Migraine With Aura ◽

Vasomotor Symptoms ◽

Vascular Risk ◽

Migraine Group ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Introduction: The relationship between migraine and stroke, especially in migraine with aura, has been well-established. There is emerging evidence that vasomotor symptoms (VMS) such as hot flashes, flushing and night sweats associated with menopause increases the risk of vascular events, especially in the perimenopausal period. The aim of this study was to compare vascular risk factors in perimenopausal females with and without migraine with concomitant acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods: In this IRB approved study, we examined patient level data using the SlicerDicer function within Epic at a large, academic, comprehensive stroke center from 1/1/2015 to 1/1/2020. Inclusion criteria included female sex, age 42-65 years, and hospital diagnosis code of AIS. Hemorrhagic stroke, TIA, vasculopathy, and endocarditis associated strokes were excluded. Perimenopausal was defined as age ≥42 and ≤65 years. Hormonal and menopausal status was not available. We compared rates of co-morbidities by ICD10 codes of subjects with and without migraine using descriptive statistics and Chi squared analysis. Results: We identified 2296 (90%) women without migraine (Group 1) and 243 (10%) with migraine (Group 2) admitted for AIS. The five most common risk factors for AIS in group 1 were hypertension (56%), hyperlipidemia (37%), diabetes (30%), obesity (23%) and atrial fibrillation (11%). VMS was coded in 8% and tobacco use 7%. In group 2 we found hypertension (50%), hyperlipidemia (42%), migraine with aura (31%), obesity (23%), diabetes (20%). VMS was coded in 14%, atrial fibrillation in 12%, and tobacco use in 6%. Group 2 patients were more likely to have VMS (p = 0.008) and less likely to have diabetes (p=0.001). There were no other significant differences identified. Conclusions: Vasomotor symptoms in menopause are a significant risk factor for AIS in perimenopausal women with migraine. VMS should be assessed for clinically and included as a risk factor for stroke, especially in those with additional vascular risk factors. Future studies should include a diverse sample to assess the impact of VMS in a heterogeneous population.

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Failure of first-line eradication treatment significantly increases prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant Helicobacter pylori clinical isolates

Journal of Clinical Pathology ◽

10.1136/jcp.2008.060392 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 61 (10) ◽

pp. 1112-1115 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

M Romano ◽

M R Iovene ◽

M I Russo ◽

A Rocco ◽

R Salerno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Geographical Area ◽

First Line ◽

Secondary Resistance ◽

Major Health Problem ◽

First Line Therapy ◽

Group 2 ◽

H Pylori ◽

Group 1

Objectives:Helicobacter pylori infection is a major health problem worldwide, and effective eradication of the infection is mandatory. The efficacy of recommended eradication regimens is approximately 70%. To avoid treatment failure and the consequent development of secondary resistance(s), it is important to choose the most appropriate first-line treatment regimen. This choice should also be made based on the knowledge of the antimicrobial resistance peculiar to a given geographical area. We evaluated the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant H pylori strains isolated from naive patients and from patients with previous unsuccessful treatments.Methods:This study examined 109 H pylori-infected subjects (Group 1) who had never received an eradication treatment and 104 H pylori-infected subjects (Group 2) who had failed one or more eradication treatments. Resistance to amoxicillin (AMO), tetracycline (TET), clarithromycin (CLA), metronidazole (MET) and levofloxacin (LEV) was determined using the epsilometer test. The significance of differences was evaluated by the χ2 test.Results:The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was 0% versus 3.1% to AMO, 0% versus 2% to TET, 27% versus 41.3% to MET (p<0.05), 18% versus 45.8% to CLA (p<0.05) and 3% versus 14.6% to LEV (p<0.05) in Group 1 vs Group 2, respectively. In Group 2, there was an increased prevalence of H pylori strains resistant to multiple antimicrobials.Conclusions:This study confirms the high prevalence of H pylori strains resistant to CLA and MET, and indicates that unsuccessful treatments significantly increase resistance. Choosing eradication regimens other than standard triple therapy as a first-line therapy should be advisable in areas with high primary antimicrobial resistance prevalence.

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Maternal depression: Associations between behavioral problems in school-aged children, organization patterns, adversities, and family environment resources

Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas) ◽

10.1590/1982-02752018000400007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 399-410 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marina Delduca CILINO ◽

Ana Paula Casagrande SILVA-RODRIGUES ◽

Karina PEREIRA-LIMA ◽

Fernanda Aguiar PIZETA ◽

Sonia Regina LOUREIRO

Keyword(s):

Family Environment ◽

Behavioral Problems ◽

Recurrent Depression ◽

Family Organization ◽

School Aged Children ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

Family Patterns ◽

Strengths And Difficulties ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Abstract The objective of this study was to verify possible associations between family organization patterns, adversities, family environment resources, and behavioral problems “in children of mothers with recurrent depression” (Group 1) compared with “children of mothers without psychiatric disorders” (Group 2). A total of 100 mother-child dyads were divided into two equal groups and were evaluated individually using the following instruments: General questionnaire; Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; Escala de Eventos Adversos; Escala de Adversidade Crônica; Inventário de Recursos do Ambiente Familiar; Raven, and an interview about family patterns. When compared to Group 2, Group 1 showed significantly more behavioral problems, adverse events, and chronic adversities and fewer family resources and family organization patterns. Negative and moderate associations were observed between behavioral problems and positive family organization patterns, evidencing the importance of mental health actions aimed at improving these patterns.

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Self-reported psychological disorders among the mothers of children with an autism spectrum disorder, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and typically developed children.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-66198/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ahmed Malalla Al-Ansari ◽

Mohammed Ismail Janahi ◽

Abdulrahman Jamal AlTourah ◽

Haitham Ali Jahrami ◽

Mansour Bin Rajab

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Geographical Area ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetes Mellitus Group ◽

Children With Asd ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Abstract Background: To assess the prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress among mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), type 1 diabetes, and typical development (TD), in a geographical area where such data are lacking.Method: The study sample comprised a group of mothers of children with ASD (group 1; n=126), a group of mothers of children with diabetes mellitus (group 2; n=43), and a control group of mothers of children with TD (n=116).Results: On the DASS-21, both groups 1 and 2 had higher mean scores for depression (37.86), anxiety (4.58), and stress (29.81) than the control group (P=0.015). On the PSS-14, the mean score was higher in group 2 (28.63) than in group 1 (27.61) and the control group (25.87) (p=0.004). On the DASS 21, group 1 scored higher in the depression domain (p=0.046), whereas group 2 scored higher in the anxiety domain (p=0.034) and stress domain (p=0.009) than the TD group.Conclusion: Mothers of children with ASD should be assessed for the presence of depression following diagnosis. Mothers of children with type 1 diabetes require careful monitoring for the effects of anxiety and stress on their mental health and therefore their ability to cope with diabetes management plans.

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In-vivo evaluation of the effect of cyanoacrylate on prosthetic vascular graft infection – does cyanoacrylate increase the severity of infection?

VASA ◽

10.1024/0301-1526/a000867 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 281-284

Author(s):

Atıf Yolgosteren ◽

Gencehan Kumtepe ◽

Melda Payaslioglu ◽

Cuneyt Ozakin

Keyword(s):

Vascular Graft ◽

Graft Infection ◽

Vascular Graft Infection ◽

Group 4 ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Prosthetic Vascular Graft Infection ◽

Group 1

Summary. Background: Prosthetic vascular graft infection (PVGI) is a complication with high mortality. Cyanoacrylate (CA) is an adhesive which has been used in a number of surgical procedures. In this in-vivo study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between PVGI and CA. Materials and methods: Thirty-two rats were equally divided into four groups. Pouch was formed on back of rats until deep fascia. In group 1, vascular graft with polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) was placed into pouch. In group 2, MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected into pouch. In group 3, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece was placed into pouch and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. In group 4, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece impregnated with N-butyl cyanoacrylate-based adhesive was placed and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. All rats were scarified in 96th hour, culture samples were taken where intervention was performed and were evaluated microbiologically. Bacteria reproducing in each group were numerically evaluated based on colony-forming unit (CFU/ml) and compared by taking their average. Results: MRSA reproduction of 0 CFU/ml in group 1, of 1410 CFU/ml in group 2, of 180 200 CFU/ml in group 3 and of 625 300 CFU/ml in group 4 was present. A statistically significant difference was present between group 1 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 2 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 3 and group 4 (p < 0.05). In terms of reproduction, no statistically significant difference was found in group 1, group 2, group 3 in themselves. Conclusions: We observed that the rate of infection increased in the cyanoacyrylate group where cyanoacrylate was used. We think that surgeon should be more careful in using CA in vascular surgery.

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The influence of continuous local wound infusion on postoperative pain in patients undergoing transfemoral amputation

VASA ◽

10.1024/0301-1526/a000457 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 44 (5) ◽

pp. 381-386 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christian Uhl ◽

Thomas Betz ◽

Andrea Rupp ◽

Markus Steinbauer ◽

Ingolf Töpel

Keyword(s):

Pain Management ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Local Anaesthetic ◽

Phantom Pain ◽

Transfemoral Amputation ◽

Postoperative Wound ◽

Stump Pain ◽

Management Protocol ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Abstract. Summary: Background: This pilot study was set up to examine the effects of a continuous postoperative wound infusion system with a local anaesthetic on perioperative pain and the consumption of analgesics. Patients and methods: We included 42 patients in this prospective observational pilot study. Patients were divided into two groups. One group was treated in accordance with the WHO standard pain management protocol and in addition to that received a continuous local wound infusion treatment (Group 1). Group 2 was treated with analgesics in accordance with the WHO standard pain management protocol, exclusively. Results: The study demonstrated a significantly reduced postoperative VAS score for stump pain in Group 1 for the first 5 days. Furthermore, the intake of opiates was significantly reduced in Group 1 (day 1, Group 1: 42.1 vs. Group 2: 73.5, p = 0.010; day 2, Group 1: 27.7 vs. Group 2: 52.5, p = 0.012; day 3, Group 1: 23.9 vs. Group 2: 53.5, p = 0.002; day 4, Group 1: 15.7 vs. Group 2: 48.3, p = 0.003; day 5, Group 1 13.3 vs. Group 2: 49.9, p = 0.001). There were no significant differences between the two groups, neither in phantom pain intensity at discharge nor postoperative complications and death. Conclusions: Continuous postoperative wound infusion with a local anaesthetic in combination with a standard pain management protocol can reduce both stump pain and opiate intake in patients who have undergone transfemoral amputation. Phantom pain was not significantly affected.

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Abnormal Haemostasis and Blood Viscosity in Malignant Hypertension

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1661190 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 52 (03) ◽

pp. 253-255 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

C Isles ◽

G D O Lowe ◽

B M Rankin ◽

C D Forbes ◽

N Lucie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Blood Viscosity ◽

Renal Damage ◽

Antithrombin Iii ◽

Plasma Viscosity ◽

Malignant Hypertension ◽

Fibrin Deposition ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

SummaryWe have previously shown abnormalities of haemostasis suggestive of intravascular coagulation in patients with malignant hypertension, a condition associated with retinopathy and renal fibrin deposition. To determine whether such abnormalities are specific to malignant hypertension, we have measured several haemostatic and haemorheological variables in 18 patients with malignant hypertension (Group 1), 18 matched healthy controls (Group 2), and 18 patients with non-malignant hypertension (Group 3) matched for renal pathology, blood pressure and serum creatinine with Group 1. Both Groups 1 and 3 had increased mean levels of fibrinogen, factor VIIIc, beta-thrombo- globulin, plasma viscosity and blood viscosity (corrected for haematocrit); and decreased mean levels of haematocrit, antithrombin III and platelet count. Mean levels of fast antiplasmin and alpha2-macroglobulin were elevated in Group 1 but not in Group 3. We conclude that most blood abnormalities are not specific to malignant hypertension; are also present in patients with non-malignant hypertension who have similar levels of blood pressure and renal damage; and might result from renal damage as well as promoting further renal damage by enhancing fibrin deposition. However increased levels of fibrinolytic inhibitors in malignant hypertension merit further investigation in relation to removal of renal fibrin.

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