scholarly journals A Data-informed Public Health Policy-Makers Platform

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Brdarić ◽  
Senka Samardžić ◽  
Ivana Mihin Huskić ◽  
Giorgos Dritsakis ◽  
Jadran Sessa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Policy Development Process ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Effective Public Health ◽  
Data Informed ◽  
Health Policymaking

Hearing loss is a disease exhibiting a growing trend due to a number of factors, including but not limited to the mundane exposure to the noise and ever-increasing size of the older population. In the framework of a public health policymaking process, modeling of the hearing loss disease based on data is a key factor in alleviating the issues related to the disease and in issuing effective public health policies. First, the paper describes the steps of the data-driven policymaking process. Afterward, a scenario along with the part of the proposed platform responsible for supporting policymaking are presented. With the aim of demonstrating the capabilities and usability of the platform for the policy-makers, some initial results of preliminary analytics are presented in the framework of a policy-making process. Ultimately, the utility of the approach is validated throughout the results of the survey which was presented to the health system policy-makers involved in the policy development process in Croatia.

scholarly journals Understanding needs and barriers to using geospatial tools for public health policymaking in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dohyeong Kim ◽  
Yingyuan Zhang ◽  
Chang Kil Lee
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Adoption And Implementation ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Geospatial Tools

Despite growing popularity of using geographical information systems and geospatial tools in public health fields, these tools are only rarely implemented in health policy management in China. This study examines the barriers that could prevent policy-makers from applying such tools to actual managerial processes related to public health problems that could be assisted by such approaches, e.g. evidence-based policy-making. A questionnaire-based survey of 127 health-related experts and other stakeholders in China revealed that there is a consensus on the needs and demands for the use of geospatial tools, which shows that there is a more unified opinion on the matter than so far reported. Respondents pointed to lack of communication and collaboration among stakeholders as the most significant barrier to the implementation of geospatial tools. Comparison of survey results to those emanating from a similar study in Bangladesh revealed different priorities concerning the use of geospatial tools between the two countries. In addition, the follow-up in-depth interviews highlighted the political culture specific to China as a critical barrier to adopting new tools in policy development. Other barriers included concerns over the limited awareness of the availability of advanced geospatial tools. Taken together, these findings can facilitate a better understanding among policy-makers and practitioners of the challenges and opportunities for widespread adoption and implementation of a geospatial approach to public health policy-making in China.

The Changing Focus of Public Policy

1979 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scottie Higgins ◽  
Josephine Barresi
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Education For All ◽  
Exceptional Children ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Special Education Policy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Policy Development Process

The arena of public policy affecting exceptional children has grown steadily during the past decade. One phase of this activity culminated with the passage of Public Law 94-142, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975. Since then policy relating to exceptional children has continued to develop but with a shift of focus and with the involvement of a wider variety of policy makers. These changes in the policy development process are described by the authors. Three types of policy are defined through representative examples of changes and state special education policy within the past three years.

scholarly journals Mask adherence and rate of COVID-19 across the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlie B. Fischer ◽  
Nedghie Adrien ◽  
Jeremiah J. Silguero ◽  
Julianne J. Hopper ◽  
Abir I. Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
General Public ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Level Data ◽  
High Adherence ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Public Health Officials

AbstractMask wearing has been advocated by public health officials as a way to reduce the spread of COVID-19. In the United States, policies on mask wearing have varied from state to state over the course of the pandemic. Even as more and more government leaders encourage or even mandate mask wearing, many citizens still resist the notion. Our research examines mask wearing policy and adherence in association with COVID-19 case rates. We used state-level data on mask wearing policy for the general public and on proportion of residents who stated they always wear masks in public. For all 50 states and the District of Columbia (DC), these data were abstracted by month for April ⍰ September 2020 to measure their impact on COVID-19 rates in the subsequent month (May ⍰ October 2020). Monthly COVID-19 case rates (number of cases per capita over two weeks) >200 per 100,000 residents were considered high. Fourteen of the 15 states with no mask wearing policy for the general public through September reported a high COVID-19 rate. Of the 8 states with at least 75% mask adherence, none reported a high COVID-19 rate. States with the lowest levels of mask adherence were most likely to have high COVID-19 rates in the subsequent month, independent of mask policy or demographic factors. Mean COVID-19 rates for states with at least 75% mask adherence in the preceding month was 109.26 per 100,000 compared to 249.99 per 100,000 for those with less adherence. Our analysis suggests high adherence to mask wearing could be a key factor in reducing the spread of COVID-19. This association between high mask adherence and reduced COVID-19 rates should influence policy makers and public health officials to focus on ways to improve mask adherence across the population in order to mitigate the spread of COVID-19.

Strategy Development

2011 ◽  
pp. 40-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suleman Aziz Lodhi
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Research Capacity ◽  
Strategy Development ◽  
Environmental Complexity ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Policy Development Process ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Ict Policy

Trade globalization and advancement in ICT may be considered as the two major forces that will be directing economic growth of a country in the coming years. Policy makers have realized the importance of ICT in achieving national goals in the digital era. The developing and underdeveloped countries generally lack research capacity and standard policy development processes that are critical for developing a successful ICT policy. Cause of policy failure in these countries can most of the time, be traced to flaws in policy development process rather than environmental complexity. The chapter provides an insight on policy development process from strategic management perspective to highlight critical issues, which are sometimes overlooked by policy makers. The purpose is to assist the policy makers in developing successful ICT Policy for their countries.

scholarly journals Classification aware neural topic model for COVID-19 disinformation categorisation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247086
Author(s):  
Xingyi Song ◽  
Johann Petrak ◽  
Ye Jiang ◽  
Iknoor Singh ◽  
Diana Maynard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Topic Model ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Media Type ◽  
Topic Discovery ◽  
Extensive Analysis ◽  
Public Health Messages ◽  
Fact Checking ◽  
Effective Public Health

The explosion of disinformation accompanying the COVID-19 pandemic has overloaded fact-checkers and media worldwide, and brought a new major challenge to government responses worldwide. Not only is disinformation creating confusion about medical science amongst citizens, but it is also amplifying distrust in policy makers and governments. To help tackle this, we developed computational methods to categorise COVID-19 disinformation. The COVID-19 disinformation categories could be used for a) focusing fact-checking efforts on the most damaging kinds of COVID-19 disinformation; b) guiding policy makers who are trying to deliver effective public health messages and counter effectively COVID-19 disinformation. This paper presents: 1) a corpus containing what is currently the largest available set of manually annotated COVID-19 disinformation categories; 2) a classification-aware neural topic model (CANTM) designed for COVID-19 disinformation category classification and topic discovery; 3) an extensive analysis of COVID-19 disinformation categories with respect to time, volume, false type, media type and origin source.

Improving Cross-Sectoral and Cross-Jurisdictional Coordination for Public Health Emergency Legal Preparedness

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (S1) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl H. Bullard ◽  
Rick D. Hogan ◽  
Matthew S. Penn ◽  
Janet Ferris ◽  
John Cleland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Management Education ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Education Law ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Effective Public Health

This paper is one of the four interrelated action agenda papers resulting from the National Summit on Public Health Legal Preparedness (Summit) convened in June 2007 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and multi-disciplinary partners. Each of the action agenda papers deals with one of the four core elements of public health legal preparedness: laws and legal authorities; competency in using those laws; coordination of law-based public health actions; and information. Options presented in this paper are for consideration by policy makers and practitioners — in all jurisdictions and all relevant sectors and disciplines — with responsibilities for all-hazards emergency preparedness.Advancing and protecting the public's health depends upon the coordination of actions by many, diverse partners. For effective public health preparedness, there must be effective coordination of legal tools and law-based strategies across local, state, tribal, and federal jurisdictions, and also across sectors such as public health, health care, emergency management, education, law enforcement, community design, and academia.

scholarly journals Development of composite indicators to monitor burden of disease across Member States

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Haneef ◽  
A Gallay ◽  
H Hilderink ◽  
B Devleesschauwer ◽  
T Ziese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Public ◽  
Policy Development Process ◽  
Need Support ◽  
Building Activities

Abstract Background The burden of disease (BoD) methods are not part of routine public health activities and policy development process across all Member States (MSs). The main reasons for this are varying levels of knowledge, experience, and capability to apply and use BoD methods. Therefore, MSs need support, guidance and training to adopt and integrate BoD approaches in their public health systems. In this context, two workshops have been organised by InfAct. The main objectives of the workshops are to raise awareness, share knowledge and experience, and to provide mutual support to to integrate BoD indicators in the public health policies across Europe. Methods The workshops were about the BoD concept and methodologies, and the use of BoD data in public health policy. These workshops were supported by technical presentations describing methods and the use of BoD data in health policy with various case studies, followed by expert exchange with facilitated discussions and group work. The case studies included national BoD studies from Belgium, Germany, Netherland, and Scotland. Results Two workshops were held at Santé Publique France, and attended by 16 BoD experts and 40 participants from 25 MSs. The workshops were well received by the participants particularly with regards to the diversity of the group and the possibility to share knowledge and experience from various perspectives. Three areas of action were highlighted: 1. the need for methodological trainings to strengthen skills in interpreting and calculating BoD estimates; 2. the encouragement of more collaborations across MSs to share or exchange good practices on BoD; and 3. the importance of the implications of BoD data to guide policies across MSs. Conclusions The workshops highlighted the need for capacity building activities to implement BoD approaches across MSs in routine public health activities and to use BoD data to guide health policy. More collaborations among MSs on BoD activities are needed in the future.

scholarly journals Mask adherence and rate of COVID-19 across the United States

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249891
Author(s):  
Charlie B. Fischer ◽  
Nedghie Adrien ◽  
Jeremiah J. Silguero ◽  
Julianne J. Hopper ◽  
Abir I. Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
General Public ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Level Data ◽  
High Adherence ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Public Health Officials

Mask wearing has been advocated by public health officials as a way to reduce the spread of COVID-19. In the United States, policies on mask wearing have varied from state to state over the course of the pandemic. Even as more and more states encourage or even mandate mask wearing, many citizens still resist the notion. Our research examines mask wearing policy and adherence in association with COVID-19 case rates. We used state-level data on mask wearing policy for the general public and on proportion of residents who stated they always wear masks in public. For all 50 states and the District of Columbia (DC), these data were abstracted by month for April ─ September 2020 to measure their impact on COVID-19 rates in the subsequent month (May ─ October 2020). Monthly COVID-19 case rates (number of cases per capita over two weeks) >200 per 100,000 residents were considered high. Fourteen of the 15 states with no mask wearing policy for the general public through September reported a high COVID-19 rate. Of the 8 states with at least 75% mask adherence, none reported a high COVID-19 rate. States with the lowest levels of mask adherence were most likely to have high COVID-19 rates in the subsequent month, independent of mask policy or demographic factors. Mean COVID-19 rates for states with at least 75% mask adherence in the preceding month was 109.26 per 100,000 compared to 249.99 per 100,000 for those with less adherence. Our analysis suggests high adherence to mask wearing could be a key factor in reducing the spread of COVID-19. This association between high mask adherence and reduced COVID-19 rates should influence policy makers and public health officials to focus on ways to improve mask adherence across the population in order to mitigate the spread of COVID-19.

scholarly journals The integration of sex and gender considerations in health policymaking: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Williams ◽  
Joonsoo Sean Lyeo ◽  
Sophie Geffros ◽  
Alexander Mouriopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Gender Diverse ◽  
Policy Development Process ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Health Policymaking

AbstractWhile the terms ‘sex’ and ‘gender’ represent distinct concepts, their influence may intersect as important determinants of health. Despite their influence in shaping individual health outcomes, there is often inaccuracy and inconsistency in the degree to which sex and gender considerations are integrated in the health policymaking process. This primary aim of this paper is to fill the gap in the current understanding of how sex and gender considerations are integrated in this process. A scoping review methodology was used with the objective of assessing the extent to which sex and gender were considered inclusively and comprehensively in established examples of health policy planning and development. One hundred seventy-five documents from the academic and grey literature were found to meet the inclusion criteria for this scoping review. The authors charted the data from these publications, assessing the ways in which sex and gender were incorporated in their policy development process. Five key findings were ascertained from this review: (1) the terms sex and gender are often used interchangeably; (2) the terms sex and gender are often used with a limited and binary scope; (3) the most inclusive and comprehensive documents included transgender and gender diverse populations; (4) there are significant variations in the degree of inclusivity and comprehensivity of these documents based on geographic distribution; and (5) documents published within the last 5 years were more inclusive than older documents. This paper concludes with an acknowledgment of the limitations of the study design, a summary of the findings, future research directions, and implications for policymakers.

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