scholarly journals Healthcare and Welfare Policy Efficiency in 34 Developing Countries in Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (13) ◽  
pp. 4617 ◽  
Author(s):  
YongChan Kim ◽  
Min Jae Park ◽  
Erdal Atukeren
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Investment Efficiency ◽  
Investment Environment ◽  
Welfare Policies ◽  
Data Definition ◽  
Dynamic Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Welfare Expenditures ◽  
Development Levels

The healthcare and welfare policies of nations, as well as the amount of investments put into these areas, vary across countries. Investments in healthcare and welfare have been increasing worldwide which brings the question of assessing the efficiency of these investments. There are, however, difficulties in evaluating the effectiveness of such investments due to differences in countries’ economic development levels and due to the differences in data definition issues. There are only a limited number of studies in the literature that employ consistent and comparable indicators across countries. This study evaluates the healthcare investment efficiency and health competitiveness efficiency of 34 developing countries in Asia using a two-stage dynamic data envelopment analysis approach. Furthermore, we employ a broader measure of indicators on national healthcare and welfare policies and outcomes, in addition to the investment data on healthcare and welfare expenditures. Our findings indicate that the establishment of an investment environment with a consolidated approach and management is an important factor that increases the efficiency of investments in healthcare and welfare sectors. A consistent delivery of the national policy strategy is also crucial for reaching the medium-and long-term targets for each country. For example, if a country establishes healthcare and welfare policies that focus on improving its indicators with low efficiencies, the output will be improved and a better return on investment will be ensured in a long-term perspective.

The influence of inflation targeting on the pass-through effect of the exchange rate

2018 ◽  
pp. 70-84
Author(s):  
Ph. S. Kartaev ◽  
Yu. I. Yakimova
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Inflation Targeting ◽  
Policy Regime ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Exchange Rate ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Impact

The paper studies the impact of the transition to the inflation targeting regime on the magnitude of the pass-through effect of the exchange rate to prices. We analyze cross-country panel data on developed and developing countries. It is shown that the transition to this regime of monetary policy contributes to a significant reduction in both the short- and long-term pass-through effects. This decline is stronger in developing countries. We identify the main channels that ensure the influence of the monetary policy regime on the pass-through effect, and examine their performance. In addition, we analyze the data of time series for Russia. It was concluded that even there the transition to inflation targeting led to a decrease in the dependence of the level of inflation on fluctuations in the ruble exchange rate.

The Nexus between Financial Development and Human Development: The Case of Developing Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Bilgehan Tekin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Cointegration Analysis ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Development Levels ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study to examine the relationship between financial development and human development in the health and welfare dimensions of developing countries. This study aims to determine whether the financial developments of the countries have an effect on the basic human development of the individuals and whether human development indicators have an impact on financial development. In this study, the relationship between financial development and human development has been tried to be revealed by using data obtained from developing countries. Financial development levels of the countries were measured with the developed financial development index. The index is calculated by using M3 / GDP, private sector loans / GDP and loans to banks from private sector / GDP ratios. The human development index is calculated by considering various health indicators and GNP per capita. The data includes annual data for the period 1970-2016. Pedroni and Kao cointegration analysis and Dumitrescu & Hurlin panel causality analysis were performed in the study. According to the results of the study, the cointegration relationship was determined between the two variables. There is also a two-way causality between the variables.

Markets, Technological Change and Economic Growth (The Quaid-i-Azam Lecture)

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (4I) ◽  
pp. 327-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard G. Lipsey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
The United States ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Canadian Institute ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Short Time

I am honoured to be invited to give this lecture before so distinguished an audience of development economists. For the last 21/2 years I have been director of a project financed by the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research and composed of a group of scholars from Canada, the United States, and Israel.I Our brief is to study the determinants of long term economic growth. Although our primary focus is on advanced industrial countries such as my own, some of us have come to the conclusion that there is more common ground between developed and developing countries than we might have first thought. I am, however, no expert on development economics so I must let you decide how much of what I say is applicable to economies such as your own. Today, I will discuss some of the grand themes that have arisen in my studies with our group. In the short time available, I can only allude to how these themes are rooted in our more detailed studies. In doing this, I must hasten to add that I speak for myself alone; our group has no corporate view other than the sum of our individual, and very individualistic, views.

scholarly journals Consumer Preferences for Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Based on the Text Mining Method

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4598
Author(s):  
Yuan-Yuan Wang ◽  
Yuan-Ying Chi ◽  
Jin-Hua Xu ◽  
Jia-Lin Li
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
National Policy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Driving Range ◽  
Second Tier ◽  
Development Levels

The construction of charging infrastructure has a positive effect on promoting the diffusion of new energy vehicles (NEVs). This study uses natural language processing (NLP) technology to explore consumer preferences for charging infrastructure from consumer comments posted on public social media. The findings show that consumers in first-tier cities pay more attention to charging infrastructure, and the number of comments accounted for 36% of the total. In all comments, consumers are most concerned about charging issues, national policy support, driving range, and installation of private charging piles. Among the charging modes of charging piles, direct current (DC) fast charging is more popular with consumers. The inability to find public charging piles in time to replenish power during travel or high energy consumption caused by air conditioning is the main reason for consumers’ range anxiety. Increasing battery performance, improving charging convenience, and construction of battery swap station are the main ways consumers prefer to increase driving range. Consumers’ preference for charging at home is the main reason for their high attention to the installation of private charging piles. However, the lack of fixed parking spaces and community properties have become the main obstacles to the installation of private charging piles. In addition, consumers in cities with different development levels pay different amounts of attention to each topic of charging infrastructure. Consumers in second-tier and above cities are most concerned about charging issues. Consumers in third-tier and above cities pay significantly more attention to the installation of private charging piles than consumers in fourth-tier and fifth-tier cities. Consumers in each city have almost the same amount of attention to driving range.

scholarly journals Modeling the smartness or smart development levels of developing countries’ cities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prince Antwi-Afari ◽  
De-Graft Owusu-Manu ◽  
S. Thomas Ng ◽  
George Asumadu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Development Levels

Technology and Employment in Developing Countries

1978 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Garmany
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Optimum Combination ◽  
Current Consumption ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Choice Of Technology

This article discusses some of the issues involved in the choice of technology in developing countries, especially those in Africa, and the relationship of this to employment and output. The problem is to find an optimum combination of productive resources that comes nearest to satisfying two objectives: the full and economically efficient utilisation of such resources, and the creation of as much surplus as possible over current consumption, thereby making possible new investment and long-term growth.

scholarly journals The promise and peril of mHealth in developing countries

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arul Chib
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Communication Studies ◽  
Mhealth Intervention ◽  
Medical Infrastructure

The mHealth field understandably arose from a base of practice, developed a nascent, yet ever-expanding, body of inter-disciplinary scholarship, and currently hopes for recognition by, and establishment on, national and trans-national policy bodies and agendas respectively. However, to justify public investment, policymakers require a body of theoretically sound, methodologically rigorous, and generalizable, evidence on how mobile technologies can effectively improve basic healthcare service delivery for hard-to-reach, resource-poor populations in developing countries. This essay draws upon prior work, ranging from a review article, an mHealth intervention for Indonesian healthcare workers within the medical infrastructure, to a text-messaging project in Uganda focused on beneficiaries. The argument is organized around theoretical, methodological, and sustainability issues, and proposes suggestions for how the discipline of mobile communication studies can add value to the field of mHealth research in developing countries.

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ECONOMIC SPACE OF THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 132-140
Author(s):  
E. A. KORCHAK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
National Policy ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Economic Space ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Dominant Direction ◽  
Integrated Structures

The purpose of the study was to analyze the structure of the economic space of the Russian Arctic within the framework of determining the prospects for the economic development of the Arctic regions. The unevenness of the economic space of the Russian Arctic and the focus on the extraction and export of natural resources are determined. It is revealed that vertically integrated structures play a key role in the Russian Arctic. It is determined that the specific feature of this region is the ethnoeconomics, the long-term development of which is the dominant direction of the national policy in the field of agriculture of the Russian Arctic.

scholarly journals The Effect of Corruption and Governance on Tax Revenues

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (4II) ◽  
pp. 405-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahseen Ajaz ◽  
Eatzaz Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Tax Administration ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Revenue Generation ◽  
Quality Of Governance

Developing countries are typically unable to generate sufficient amount of revenue from taxation because these countries face a number of institutional problems in the process of revenue generation. One of the main problems is corruption in tax administration. The two important components of revenue generation are tax administration and tax system reforms [Brondolo, et al. (2008)]. The main objective of these is to increase the efficiency of tax administrations, specifically by reducing corruption and tax evasion. The second main problem of low revenue generation is political instabilities in developing countries. One of the important characteristics of political instability is unstable and governments and, hence, incoherent policy framework, which hinder in the process of long-term reforms in the system. The quality of governance as a whole is also relevant in this context. It is widely agreed that the presence of tax evasion and corruption of public officials is a social phenomenon that can significantly reduce tax revenue and seriously hurt economic growth and development.

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