scholarly journals Will the Foot Strike Pattern Change at Different Running Speeds with or without Wearing Shoes?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6044
Author(s):  
Ying-Jen Lai ◽  
Willy Chou ◽  
I-Hua Chu ◽  
Yu-Lin Wang ◽  
Yi-Jing Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Physical Therapist ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Limb Injuries ◽  
Foot Strike ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Runners strike their feet with three different patterns during running: forefoot, midfoot, and rearfoot. This study aimed to investigate whether runners maintain consistent patterns while running speed and foot condition change. The foot strike patterns of runners when running on a treadmill at paces ranging from slow to fast were recorded from twenty healthy male regular runners, with and without shoes, in random order. A high-speed camera was used to observe the strike patterns, which were then categorized by an experienced physical therapist. Linear-log and Pearson chi-square analysis with a significance level of α = 0.05 was performed to examine the correlation between foot strike pattern, running speed, and shoe conditions. The results suggest that runners strike with different patterns when running with and without shoes (χ2 = 99.07, p < 0.01); runners preferred to adopt heel strike regardless of running speeds when running with shoes. While running barefoot, only 23.8% of landing strikes were rearfoot, and the strike pattern distribution did not change significantly with the running speed (χ2 = 2.26, p = 0.89). In summary, the foot strike preference of runners is correlated with the foot condition (barefoot or shod) rather than running speed. For runners who intend to change their strike patterns for any reason, we recommend that they consider adjusting their footwear, which may naturally help with the foot strike adjustment. Future studies should attempt to use advanced techniques to observe further foot biomechanics in order to discover if changing strike pattern is directly correlated with lower limb injuries.

scholarly journals Can Understanding Provider Expectations Improve Provider Adoption of Patient Reported Outcomes?

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011418S0025
Author(s):  
Jeff Houck ◽  
Jillian Santer ◽  
Kostantinos Vasalos ◽  
Judith Baumhauer
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Physical Therapist ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Improve Patient Care ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Performance Expectancy ◽  
Orthopedic Rehabilitation ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Effort Expectancy ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Category: Other Introduction/Purpose: New instruments like the Patient Reported Outcome Information System (PROMIS) minimize the burden to patients and providers addressing significant barriers to adoption. Despite these advances provider adoption remains lackluster. Models of technology adoption suggest adoption is more likely to occur when PRO’s directly improve patient care (performance expectancy) and it’s easy to implement (effort expectancy). Problems with effort expectancy are dealt with by training and improving logistics (i.e. eHR presentation, alerts), where performance expectancy is addressed through research (i.e. validation of thresholds). The purposes of this study were to: 1) evaluate the proportion of orthopedic rehabilitation providers who use PRO’s and how they use them; And, 2) to determine if performance expectancy, effort expectancy or provider burnout are related to provider use. Methods: Fifty rehabilitation providers (physical therapist and athletic trainers) anonymously completed the electronic PRO Adoption Survey. Participants were 23.4±5.8 years old and 54% were female. The purpose of the PRO Adoption Survey is to track adoption across health systems. The first section of the PRO Adoption survey includes whether providers use PRO’s and asks them to detail how they use them (Table 1). A factor analysis supported the use of sets of questions to determine performance expectancy and effort expectancy (Table 1). Performance expectancy captures the health benefits the provider expects to experience. Effort expectancy captures the provider’s expectations of how easy it will be to implement PRO tools. The validated Maslach-2 burnout scale (BO) was included as another a factor that may influence adoption. Proportions and chi square tests were used to describe provider use of PRO’s and its relationship with performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and burnout. Results: The profile of PRO use by rehabilitation professionals is that a majority know about PRO’s (86%) however only 34% utilize PRO’s during clinic visits (Table 1). The most common PRO used is PROMIS (83%), followed by generic measures (41%) and disease specific (29%) measures. Type of use indicated the most common use was to make clinical decisions (71%) with relatively few using it for research (12%). Interestingly, 47% of PRO users review data with patients. The average responses for performance expectancy were 3.9 ± 0.1. The average responses for effort expectancy were 3.2 ± 0.2 or “neutral”. The average BO score was 4.6 ± 1.0. Chi square analysis suggested performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and burn out were not significantly associated with provider use. Conclusion: PROMIS scales are currently available in the electronic medical record(eMR) leading to high use (86%) by current PRO users (34%). High performance expectancy scores (~4/5) and low BO suggest providers can be motivated to use PRO’s. However, providers are neutral (~3/5) on how easy PRO’s would be to implement. Also, lower scores for performance expectancy associated with “aggregate” PRO data (only 54% marked “Agree” for this item) suggests training on specific uses of aggregate data are also indicated. These data detail the real issues providers need addressed to effectively capitalize on the benefits of PRO’s to improve clinical care.

scholarly journals The Effect of Extrinsic Motivation on Housewife Actions in IVA Test in the Working Area of Community Health Center at Bandar Kalipah

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 352-356
Author(s):  
Vani Olin Arysha ◽  
Heru Santosa ◽  
Sri Rahayu Sanusi
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
Community Health Center ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Processing Data ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Cervical cancer is a cancer that attacks many women. The high number of cervical cancer sufferers in Indonesia is caused by only 5% who screen for cervical cancer, because this disease does not cause symptoms and low awareness of women to check their health. Every woman of childbearing age should be motivated to do an IVA Test. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of extrinsic motivation on housewives actions in IVA Test. The design of this study is a case control with 36 samples in cases and controls. Processing data using chi square analysis with a 95% significance level by calculating the odds ratio. The results showed that there was an influence of extrinsic motivation (p = 0,000) on the housewives actions in IVA Test. The results of the analysis showed that the OR 10.969 95% CI (3.425-35.129) that did Possible IVA Test 10.9 is more effect than housewives who have extrinsic motivation.

scholarly journals Association of Importance of the Doctoral Degree With Students' Perceptions and Anticipated Activities Reflecting Professionalism

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (8) ◽  
pp. 766-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie A Johanson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Physical Therapist ◽  
Doctoral Degree ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Doctor Of Physical Therapy ◽  
Physical Therapist Students ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
American Physical

Abstract Background and Purpose. The American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) has identified the Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) degree as 1 of 6 elements necessary to transition the physical therapy profession to a fully professionalized discipline. However, there have been no data to determine whether physical therapist students who place importance on the DPT degree perceive physical therapy to be more professionalized or anticipate participation in activities reflecting professionalism more than those who do not place importance on the DPT degree. Subjects. The subjects were 919 professional physical therapist students. Methods. Faculty members at 34 physical therapist education programs distributed questionnaires to 1,172 professional physical therapist students and returned 919 questionnaires, for a response rate of 78.4%. The data were statistically analyzed using chi-square analysis and logistic regression. Results. There were few differences between students who place importance on the DPT degree (DPT-I students) and those who do not place importance on the DPT degree (DPT-NI students) regarding how professionalized they perceive physical therapy to be relative to other health care professions or regarding their anticipated participation in activities reflecting professionalism. The one potential distinction found when controlling for other variables was that DPT-I students were more likely than DPT-NI students to anticipate becoming faculty members. Discussion and Conclusion. When beginning their professional education, there are few differences between DPT-I and DPT-NI students' perceptions of the professionalization of physical therapy or anticipation of activities reflecting professionalism.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Media Pembelajaran E-Modul Berbasis Sigil Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Desain Grafis

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Melgi Andari Putri ◽  
Ary Purmadi
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Graphic Design ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Learning Motivation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Collection Methods

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of sigil-based e-module learning media on student learning motivation in graphic design subjects in class X Multimedia at SMKN 1 Lingsar. The research method used was experimental. This study used a population of 36 students. The data collection methods used in this study were questionnaires, observation and documentation. The data analysis technique used statistical analysis with the chi square formula. The results of the analysis obtained the value = 12.462 while the chi square value in the table with db = 4 with a significance level of 5% = 9.488 so that the value of the chi square analysis is greater than the value of the chi square table (12.462> 9.488). So it can be concluded that there is an effect of sigil-based e-module learning media on student learning motivation in graphic design subjects in class X Multimedia at SMKN 1 Lingsar.

HUBUNGAN USIA IBU HAMIL DENGAN KEJADIAN PLASENTA PREVIA DI RUMAH SAKIT CAMATHA SAHIDYA KOTA BATAM

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Suryanti . ◽  
Ferry Daniel Martinus Sihombing
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Placenta Previa ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Level I ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

One of the causes of bleeding during pregnancy is placenta previa, which is the placenta that covers all or part of the internal uterine ostium. One of the risk factors for placenta previa is Age because it can cause sclerosis of small arteries and myometrial arterioles which causes uneven blood flow to the endometrium so that the placenta grows wider with a larger surface area. So the researchers wanted to look for a relationship between maternal age and placenta previa. This research method is analytic observational with a cross-sectional approach conducted at the Camatha Sahidya Hospital in Batam City in 2019. Data is taken from the patient's medical record from June 1 to June 31, 2019. The sampling technique is total sampling where the number of samples is the same with a population of 135 people in June 2019. The results of the study were analyzed by frequency distribution in a cross-tabulation then tested by Chi-square test. The results of this study showed that out of 135 mothers, 4 mothers (17.4%) out of 23 mothers aged> 35 years were declared into the Placenta Previa group and 19 mothers (82.6%) out of 23 mothers aged> 35 years were stated in the group. No Placenta Previa. And obtained 112 mothers aged 20-35 years from 135 mothers in which there were 2 mothers (1.8%) who were stated in the Placenta Previa group and 110 mothers (98.2%) stated in the No Placenta Previa group. Chi-Square analysis results obtained significance value p = 0.008. This figure is significant because the p-value is smaller than the significance level () = 5% (0.05). Therefore it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between maternal age and the incidence of placenta previa. Based on this study it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between maternal age and the incidence of placenta previa.

Biomechanical Changes During a 50-minute Run in Different Footwear and on Various Slopes

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thibault Lussiana ◽  
Kim Hébert-Losier ◽  
Grégoire P. Millet ◽  
Laurent Mourot
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Exercise Duration ◽  
Leg Stiffness ◽  
Foot Strike ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Velocity ◽  
Biomechanical Changes ◽  
Running Biomechanics

The effects of footwear and inclination on running biomechanics over short intervals are well documented. Although recognized that exercise duration can impact running biomechanics, it remains unclear how biomechanics change over time when running in minimalist shoes and on slopes. Our aims were to describe these biomechanical changes during a 50-minute run and compare them to those observed in standard shoes. Thirteen trained recreational male runners ran 50 minutes at 65% of their maximal aerobic velocity on a treadmill, once in minimalist shoes and once in standard shoes, 1 week apart in a random order. The 50-minute trial was divided into 5-minute segments of running at 0%, +5%, and –5% of treadmill incline sequentially. Data were collected using photocells, high-speed video cameras, and plantar-pressure insoles. At 0% incline, runners exhibited reduced leg stiffness and plantar flexion angles at foot strike and lower plantar pressure at the forefoot and toes in minimalist shoes from minute 34 of the protocol onward. However, only reduced plantar pressure at the toes was observed in standard shoes. Overall, similar biomechanical changes with increased exercise time were observed on the uphill and downhill inclines. The results might be due to the unfamiliarity of subjects to running in minimalist shoes.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with the Selection of Contraceptive Implants for Family Planning Acceptors in Jambi City

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-195
Author(s):  
Enny Susilawati ◽  
Neny Heryani ◽  
Lia Artikasari ◽  
Erni Pransiska
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptive ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Contraceptive Implants ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Selection Of

In several decades, based on the results of the census, Indonesia has experienced significant population growth. In the last ten years, the population has increased by 32.56 million. The KB I program was initiated to reduce the birth rate by using several methods, one of which is the hormonal contraceptive implant method. However, data from the Jambi health office shows that there are still quite a few family planning acceptors who use implant contraceptives, even though it is known that this type of contraception is very effective, with a long duration of use, and an affordable price. This study aims to analyze what factors are related to the choice of implant type contraceptives for family planning acceptors in the work area of ​​Putri Ayu Health Center, Jambi City. This type of research is analytic Observational with a cross sectional design. The population of this study was 3,029 people. Samples were taken by quota sampling as many as 96 respondents. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out bivariately using the chi square test with a significance level of 0.05. The data collected is based on research variables, namely knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and motivations of family planning acceptors. The results of Chi Square analysis showed that knowledge with p-value 0.002, attitude p-value 0.224, perception p-value 0.173, and motivation with p-value 0.005. Factors related to the selection of contraceptive implants for mothers of family planning acceptors in the working area of ​​Putri Ayu Health Center are knowledge and motivation  

scholarly journals Relations of Knowledge with Perceptions of Eligible Men About Vasectomy in Angsau Primary Health Care, Tanah Laut, South Kalimantan

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Natasha Bharat Sindunata Sindunata ◽  
Laili Wahyuni ◽  
Androniko Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Public Perception ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Poor Knowledge ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
T Score ◽  
The Family ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Background: Indonesia’s Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in 2015 was still high around 305 over 100.000 population. South Kalimantan MMR’s in 2018 increase to 108 over 100.000 population. If not handled properly the increasing of MMR, it  will not achieve the SDG's by 2030. The high MMR is caused by the large number of pregnancies and deliveries in Indonesia. One of the ways to prevent it, is by reducing the number of pregnancies and one of the most effective way is through the Family Planning (FP) program. Vasectomy is a method of operative contraception in men. Public perception of vasectomy is a complicated operation, so vasectomy is not an option. Aim: Knowing the relations between knowledge and perceptions of eligible men on vasectomy Method: This research is an analytical survey with a cross sectional approach. The number of subjects used as many as 80 respondents who meet the feasibility of being included in this study. The chi-square test with a significance level of p<0.05 was used for statistical analysis. Knowledge is considered good if it has a total score of more than 76 percent, and it is considered poor if it is less than equal to 76 percent. Positive perception if the respondent's mean score is less than the T score, and to be negative perception if the respondent's mean score is more than the T score. Results: A total of 108 respondents were included in this study. There are 89 respondents or 82% who have good knowledge and 19 respondents or 18% who have bad knowledge about vasectomy. Negative perceptions were owned by 81 respondents or 75% while positive perceptions were only found in 27 respondents or 25%. Chi-square analysis showed that there was a significant relation between poor knowledge and negative perceptions with p<0.05. Conclusion: Poor knowledge of vasectomy is associated with negative perceptions. This study shows lack of public knowledge about vasectomy, causing a negative stigma about vasectomy.

scholarly journals Reliability of Overground Running Measures from 2D Video Analyses in a Field Environment

Sports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauralee Murray ◽  
C. Beaven ◽  
Kim Hébert-Losier
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Weighted Kappa ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
Foot Strike ◽  
Absolute Reliability ◽  
Strike Angle

Two-dimensional running analyses are common in research and practice, and have been shown to be reliable when conducted on a treadmill. However, running is typically performed outdoors. Our aim was to determine the intra- and inter-rater reliability of two-dimensional analyses of overground running in an outdoor environment. Two raters independently evaluated 155 high-speed videos (240 Hz) of overground running from recreationally competitive runners on two occasions, seven days apart (test-retest study design). The reliability of foot-strike pattern (rear-foot, mid-foot, and fore-foot), foot-strike angle (°), and running speed (m/s) was assessed using weighted kappa (κ), percentage agreement, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), typical error (TE), and coefficient of variation (CV) statistics. Foot-strike pattern (agreement = 99.4%, κ = 0.96) and running speed (ICC = 0.98, TE = 0.09 m/s, CV = 2.1%) demonstrated excellent relative and absolute reliability. Foot-strike angle exhibited high relative reliability (ICC = 0.88), but suboptimal absolute reliability (TE = 2.5°, CV = 17.6%). Two-dimensional analyses of overground running outdoors were reliable for quantifying foot-strike pattern, foot-strike angle, and running speed, although foot-strike angle errors of 2.5° were typical. Foot-strike angle changes of less than 2.5° should be interpreted with caution in clinical settings, as they might simply reflect measurement errors.

scholarly journals Does Identifying Provider Expectations Improve Adoption of Patient Reported Outcomes?

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011418S0025
Author(s):  
Jeff Houck ◽  
Jillian Santer ◽  
Judith Baumhauer
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Physical Therapist ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Improve Patient Care ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Performance Expectancy ◽  
Orthopedic Rehabilitation ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Effort Expectancy ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Category: Other Introduction/Purpose: New instruments like the Patient Reported Outcome Information System (PROMIS) minimize the burden to patients and providers addressing significant barriers to adoption. Despite these advances provider adoption remains lackluster. Models of technology adoption suggest adoption is more likely to occur when PRO’s directly improve patient care (performance expectancy) and it’s easy to implement (effort expectancy). Problems with effort expectancy are dealt with by training and improving logistics (i.e. eHR presentation, alerts), where performance expectancy is addressed through research (i.e. validation of thresholds). The purposes of this study were to: 1) evaluate the proportion of orthopedic rehabilitation providers who use PRO’s and how they use them; And, 2) to determine if performance expectancy, effort expectancy or provider burnout are related to provider use. Methods: Fifty rehabilitation providers (physical therapist and athletic trainers) anonymously completed the electronic PRO Adoption Survey. Participants were 23.4±5.8 years old and 54% were female. The purpose of the PRO Adoption Survey is to track adoption across health systems. The first section of the PRO Adoption survey includes whether providers use PRO’s and asks them to detail how they use them (Table 1). A factor analysis supported the use of sets of questions to determine performance expectancy and effort expectancy (Table 1). Performance expectancy captures the health benefits the provider expects to experience. Effort expectancy captures the provider’s expectations of how easy it will be to implement PRO tools. The validated Maslach-2 burnout scale (BO) was included as another a factor that may influence adoption. Proportions and chi square tests were used to describe provider use of PRO’s and its relationship with performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and burnout. Results: The profile of PRO use by rehabilitation professionals is that a majority know about PRO’s (86%) however only 34% utilize PRO’s during clinic visits (Table 1). The most common PRO used is PROMIS (83%), followed by generic measures (41%) and disease specific (29%) measures. Type of use indicated the most common use was to make clinical decisions (71%) with relatively few using it for research (12%). Interestingly, 47% of PRO users review data with patients. The average responses for performance expectancy were 3.9 ± 0.1. The average responses for effort expectancy were 3.2 ± 0.2 or “neutral”. The average Maslach BO score was 4.6 ± 1.0. Chi square analysis suggested performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and burn out were not significantly associated with provider use. Conclusion: PROMIS scales are currently available in the electronic medical record leading to high use (83%) by PRO users(34%). High performance expectancy scores (~4/5) and low BO suggest providers can be motivated to use PRO’s. The survey also suggests that providers are neutral(~3/5) on how easy PRO’s would be to implement. Lower scores for performance expectancy associated with “aggregate” PRO data (only 54% marked “Agree” for this item) suggests training on specific uses of aggregate data are also indicated. These data detail the real issues providers need addressed to effectively capitalize on the benefits of PRO’s to improve clinical care.

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