scholarly journals The Economic Burden of Cancers Attributable to Infection in the Republic of Korea: A Prevalence-Based Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7592
Author(s):  
Thi Xuan Trinh Nguyen ◽  
Minji Han ◽  
Moran Ki ◽  
Young Ae Kim ◽  
Jin-Kyoung Oh
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Population Attributable Fraction ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Income Loss ◽  
Future Income ◽  
The Republic

Infection is a major cause of cancers. We estimated the economic burden of cancers attributable to infection in 2014 in Korea, where cancer causing infection is prevalent, but the economic burden of it has never been examined. Cancer patients were defined as those having made medical claims as recorded by the National Health Insurance Service, which is a mandatory insurance for all citizen. We multiplied the costs by the population-attributable fraction for each type of cancer. The study included direct and indirect costs, where direct costs comprised direct medical and non-medical costs of inpatients and outpatients, while indirect costs were estimated by identifying future income loss due to premature death, productivity loss during hospitalization/outpatient visits, and job loss. In 2014, there were 100,054 infection-related cancer patients, accounting for 10.7% of all Korean cancer cases for that year. Direct costs of cancers associated with infection stood at nearly USD 676.9 million, while indirect costs were much higher at USD 2.57 billion. The average expenditure of a typical patient was USD 32,435. Economic burden of cancers attributable to infection is substantial in Korea, accounting for 0.23% of the national gross domestic product and 1.36% of national healthcare expenditure in 2014.

scholarly journals The Economic Burden of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Evidence from Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Ghaffari Darab ◽  
Khosro Keshavarz ◽  
Elnaz Sadeghi ◽  
Javad Shahmohamadi ◽  
Zahra Kavosi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Burden ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Income Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Accounting Information Systems ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
The Mean

Abstract This study aimed to estimate both direct medical and indirect costs of treating the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from a societal perspective in the patients at a referral hospital in Fars province as well as the economic burden of COVID-19 in Iran in 2020.Methods:This is a partial economic evaluation and a cross-sectional cost-description study conducted descriptively-analytically and based on the data of the COVID-19 patients referred to a referral university hospital in Fars province between March and July 2020. The data were collected by examining the patients' records and accounting information systems. The subjects included all the inpatients with COVID-19 (477 individuals) who admitted to the medical centre during the four months. Bottom-up costing, incidence-based and income-based human capital approaches were used as the main methodological features of this study.Results: The mean direct medical costs were estimated 28,240,025,968 Rials ($ 1,791,172) in total and 59,203,409 Rials ($ 3,755) per person, a significant part of which (41 %) was that of intensive and general care beds (11,596,217,487 Rials equal to $ 735,510. (The second to which were the costs of medicines and medical consumables (28 %). The mean indirect costs including income loss due to premature death, economic production loss due to hospitalization and job absenteeism during recovery course were estimated 129,870,974 Rials ($ 11634) per person. Furthermore, the economic burden of the disease in the country for inpatient cases with the definitive diagnosis was 22,688,925,933,095 Rial equal to $ 1,439,083,784.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the severe status of the disease would bring about the extremely high cost of illness in this case. It is estimated that the high prevalence rate of COVID-19 has been imposing a heavy economic burden on the country and health system directly that may result in rationing or painful cost-control approaches.

scholarly journals The Economic Burden of Brain Disability in Korea, 2008-2011

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 004695802093639
Author(s):  
Hyun-Jin Kim ◽  
Seung Hee Ho ◽  
Sol Lee ◽  
In-Hwan Oh ◽  
Ju Hee Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Burden ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
All Diseases ◽  
Death Data

This study estimated the economic burden of people with brain disability in Korea during 2008-2011 using nationally representative data and was conducted to use the results as an evidence for determining the resources allocation of people with brain disability. We used a prevalence-based approach to estimate the economic burden, classified by direct costs (medical costs and nonmedical costs) and indirect costs (productivity loss of morbidity and premature death). Data from the National Health Insurance Service, the National Disability Registry, the National survey on persons with disabilities, the Korea National Statistical Office’s records of causes of death, and the Labor Statistics were used to calculate direct and indirect costs. The treated prevalence of brain disability increased from 0.26% (2008) to 0.35% (2011). Total economic burden of brain-related diseases was US$1.88 billion in 2008 and increased to US$2.90 billion in 2011, with a 54% rate of increase. The economic burden of all diseases, which was 1.2 to 1.4 times higher than that of brain-related diseases, accounted for US$2.61 billion in 2008 and US$3.62 billion in 2011, increasing by 39%. Owing to the growing occurrence of brain disability, the annual prevalence and related costs are increasing. Health management programs are necessary to reduce the economic burden of brain disability in Korea.

scholarly journals Economic burden of main Noncommunicable diseases in the Russian Federation in 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Kontsevaya ◽  
Y Balanova ◽  
M Khudyakov ◽  
A Myrzamatova ◽  
D Mukaneeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
The Russian Federation

Abstract Aim To estimate the economic burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in the Russian Federation (RF) in 2016, including the direct costs and the economic losses caused by reduced productivity. Material and Methods We included 4 diseases: cardiovascular, type 2 diabetes, cancer and chronic pulmonary disease (COPD). We used the official statistics data collected by Ministry of health on the number of patients, health care resources utilization (hospitalizations, emergency visits, outpatients’ visits). The costs of health care were obtained from health insurance fund. Directs nonmedical costs included disabilitypayments, calculated based on the number of disabled persons from each group and by the amount of the disability allowance. Indirect costs (economic losses) included decreased productivity due to premature mortality and disability. The potential years of life lost (PYLL) were calculated using the number of life years lost due todeath and disability due to NCDs before 70 years. Human capital approach was used, and calculation were based on the GDP per person. Results Number of PYLL due to premature death from NCDs was estimated to be 8,0 million years. Economic burden because of NCDs in 2016 in the RF reached 3,3 trillion (45.9 billion €), which is equivalent of 3.9% of GDP for this year. Direct costs were responsible only for 13% of losses, indirect costs for 87% of the total burden. CVD were responsible for 81,4% of burden, cancer – for 7,1%, diabetes - 6,5% and COPD for 5,0%. Conclusions The economic burden because of NCDs in the RF in 2016 was 3.3 trillion (3.9% of GDP). Such the significant economic burden and absence of positive dynamics is a strong argument for increasing investments in the prevention and treatment of NCDs. Key messages Number of PYLL due to premature death from NCDs was estimated to be 8,0 million years. Economic burden because of NCDs in 2016 in the RF reached 3,3 trillion (45.9 billion €), which is equivalent of 3.9% of GDP for this year.

scholarly journals The economic burden of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): evidence from Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Ghaffari Darab ◽  
Khosro Keshavarz ◽  
Elnaz Sadeghi ◽  
Javad Shahmohamadi ◽  
Zahra Kavosi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Burden ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Income Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Accounting Information Systems ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
Mean Cost

Abstract This study aimed to estimate both direct medical and indirect costs of treating the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from a societal perspective in the patients at a referral hospital in Fars province as well as the economic burden of COVID-19 in Iran in 2020. Methods This study is a partial economic evaluation and a cross-sectional cost-description study conducted based on the data of the COVID-19 patients referred to a referral university hospital in Fars province between March and July 2020. The data were collected by examining the patients’ records and accounting information systems. The subjects included all the inpatients with COVID-19 (477 individuals) who admitted to the medical centre during the 4 months. Bottom-up costing (also called micro-costing approach), incidence-based and income-based human capital approaches were used as the main methodological features of this study. Results The direct medical costs were estimated to be 28,240,025,968 Rials ($ 1,791,172) in total with mean cost of 59,203,409 Rials ($ 3755) per person (SD = 4684 $/ 73,855,161 Rials) in which significant part (41%) was that of intensive and general care beds (11,596,217,487 Rials equal to $ 735,510 (M = 24,310,728 Rials or $ 1542, SD = 34,184,949 Rials or $ 2168(. The second to which were the costs of medicines and medical consumables (28%). The mean indirect costs, including income loss due to premature death, economic production loss due to hospitalization and job absenteeism during recovery course were estimated to be 129,870,974 Rials ($ 11,634) per person. Furthermore, the economic burden of the disease in the country for inpatient cases with the definitive diagnosis was 22,688,925,933,095 Rials equal to $ 1,439,083,784. Conclusion The results of this study showed that the severe status of the disease would bring about the extremely high cost of illness in this case. It is estimated that the high prevalence rate of COVID-19 has been imposing a heavy economic burden on the country and health system directly that may result in rationing or painful cost-control approaches.

scholarly journals The Economic Burden of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Evidence from Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Ghaffari Darab ◽  
Khosro Keshavarz ◽  
Elnaz Sadeghi ◽  
Javad Shahmohamadi ◽  
Zahra Kavosi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Burden ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Income Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Accounting Information Systems ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
The Mean

Abstract This study aimed to estimate both direct medical and indirect costs of treating the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from a societal perspective in the patients at a referral hospital in Fars province as well as the economic burden of COVID-19 in Iran in 2020.Methods:This study is a partial economic evaluation and a cross-sectional cost-description study conducted descriptively-analytically and based on the data of the COVID-19 patients referred to a referral university hospital in Fars province between March and July 2020. The data were collected by examining the patients' records and accounting information systems. The subjects included all the inpatients with COVID-19 (477 individuals) who admitted to the medical centre during the four months. Bottom-up costing, incidence-based and income-based human capital approaches were used as the main methodological features of this study.Results: The mean direct medical costs were estimated 28,240,025,968 Rials ($ 1,791,172) in total and 59,203,409 Rials ($ 3,755) per person, a significant part of which (41 %) was that of intensive and general care beds (11,596,217,487 Rials equal to $ 735,510. (The second to which were the costs of medicines and medical consumables (28 %). The mean indirect costs, including income loss due to premature death, economic production loss due to hospitalization and job absenteeism during recovery course were estimated 129,870,974 Rials ($ 11634) per person. Furthermore, the economic burden of the disease in the country for inpatient cases with the definitive diagnosis was 22,688,925,933,095 Rial equal to $ 1,439,083,784.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the severe status of the disease would bring about the extremely high cost of illness in this case. It is estimated that the high prevalence rate of COVID-19 has been imposing a heavy economic burden on the country and health system directly that may result in rationing or painful cost-control approaches.

Economic Burden and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 823-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minha Hong ◽  
Bomi Park ◽  
Sang Min Lee ◽  
Geon Ho Bahn ◽  
Moon Jung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Adhd Treatment ◽  
The Republic

Objective: We investigated the economic burden and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the Republic of Korea. Method: Using the National Health Insurance Service claims data for the population aged 19 years or younger, a prevalence-based approach was used to calculate the DALYs of ADHD. Direct medical costs, direct nonmedical costs, and indirect costs resulting from ADHD were estimated to calculate the economic burden of ADHD. Results: A total of 69,353 people in Korea were diagnosed with ADHD in 2012. The burden of ADHD as measured by the prevalence-based approach was 32,605 DALYs. The total economic burden of ADHD was US$47.55 million, which accounted for approximately 0.004% of Korean GDP (gross domestic product) in 2012. Conclusion: Our findings shed light on the considerable burden of ADHD, emphasizing the need for policies that can encourage ADHD treatment and enhance compliance.

Cost of Illness and Determinants of Costs Among Patients with Gout

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Spaetgens ◽  
José M.A. Wijnands ◽  
Caroline van Durme ◽  
Sjef van der Linden ◽  
Annelies Boonen
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Costs Of Illness ◽  
Female Sex

Objective.To estimate costs of illness in a cross-sectional cohort of patients with gout attending an outpatient rheumatology clinic, and to evaluate which factors contribute to higher costs.Methods.Altogether, 126 patients with gout were clinically assessed. They completed a series of questionnaires. Health resource use was collected using a self-report questionnaire that was cross-checked with the electronic patient file. Productivity loss was assessed by the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire, addressing absenteeism and presenteeism. Resource use and productivity loss were valued by real costs, and annual costs per patient were calculated. Factors contributing to incurring costs above the median were explored using logistic univariable and multivariable regression analysis.Results.Mean (median) annual direct costs of gout were €5647 (€1148) per patient. Total costs increased to €6914 (€1279) or €10,894 (€1840) per patient per year when adding cost for absenteeism or both absenteeism and presenteeism, respectively. Factors independently associated with high direct and high indirect costs were a positive history of cardiovascular disease, functional limitations, and female sex. In addition, pain, gout concerns, and unmet gout treatment needs were associated with high direct costs.Conclusion.The direct and indirect costs-of-illness of gout are primarily associated with cardiovascular disease, functional limitations, and female sex.

scholarly journals The economic burden of cervical cancer in Eswatini: Societal perspective

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250113
Author(s):  
Cebisile Ngcamphalala ◽  
Ellinor Östensson ◽  
Themba G. Ginindza
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Cost Driver ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Care Utilization

Background Cervical cancer imposes considerable economic burden on societies and individuals. There is lack of evidence regarding this from the developing world and particularly from sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, the study aimed to estimate the societal costs of cervical cancer in Eswatini. Materials and methods The cost of illness study (CoI) was applied using national specific clinical and registry data from hospitals, registries and reports to determine the prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer in Eswatini in 2018. Cost data included direct medical costs (health care utilization in inpatient and outpatient care), direct non-medical costs (patient costs for traveling) and indirect costs based on productivity loss due to morbidity (patient time during diagnosis and treatment) and premature mortality. Results The estimated total annual cost for cervical cancer was $19 million (ranging between $14 million and $24 million estimated with lower and upper bounds). Direct cost represented the majority of the costs at 72% ($13.7 million) out of which total pre-cancerous treatment costs accounted for 0.7% ($94,161). The management of invasive cervical cancer was the main cost driver with costs attributable to treatment for FIGO III and FIGO IV representing $1.7 million and $8.7 million respectively. Indirect costs contributed 27% ($5.3 million) out of which productivity loss due to premature mortality represented the majority at 67% ($3.5 million). Conclusion The economic burden of cervical cancer in Eswatini is substantial. National public health prevention strategies with prophylactic HPV vaccine and screening for cervical lesions should therefore be prioritized to limit the extensive costs associated with cervical cancer.

scholarly journals A prospective cross-sectional study to evaluate the economic burden of patients diagnosed with depression in a tertiary care hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 722
Author(s):  
D. K. Dhodi ◽  
S. R. Sinha ◽  
F. Dawer ◽  
M. S. Chavan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Burden ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Hospitalisation Cost ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Case Record

Background: The objective of the study was to evaluate the cost of care of depression in terms of direct and indirect costs.Methods: 150 patients diagnosed with depression attending psychiatry OPD at Sir J.J. Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, fulfilling the inclusion criteria were explained about the study. Written informed consent were taken. Direct and Indirect costs were recorded in structured case record forms by interviewing the patients. Cost driving factors were identified.Results: Total annual direct cost were INR 6,378.16 which included drug costs, travel expenses, physician’s consultation, cost of investigations, hospitalisation cost while total Indirect costs were INR 16,860 which included days of work both of the patient and the caretaker.Conclusions: The indirect cost was almost thrice the direct costs. Hospitalisation cost and loss of working days due to depression was contributed the most to the direct costs and indirect costs respectively. Economic burden of depression is found out to be 16.30% of per capita gross domestic product in year 2018-19.

scholarly journals A Model Estimating Indirect Costs of Premature Death Associated with Severe Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease (sVOD) Among Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT) Patients in the United States (U.S.)

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 3273-3273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany P. Quock ◽  
Zheng-Yi Zhou ◽  
Byran Dai ◽  
Wenxi Tang ◽  
Kathleen F. Villa
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Indirect Cost ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Analysis Group ◽  
Lost Productivity ◽  
Equity Ownership ◽  
Excess Deaths

Abstract Introduction Hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD), also known as sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) is a potentially fatal complication of HSCT and is characterized by hepatomegaly, right upper quadrant pain, jaundice, and ascites (Gratwohl A et al JAMA 2010). Severe VOD (sVOD) is clinically characterized by multi-organ dysfunction and is estimated to have a mortality rate of over 80% (Coppell JA et al BBMT 2010). VOD and particularly sVOD pose a significant economic burden in direct medical costs by adding an estimated $53,000 to HSCT (2004 U.S. dollars; Saito et al BBMT 2008), or $78,000 in 2015 dollars. However, little research has been conducted in ascertaining the indirect costs associated with premature death due to VOD. In our study, we developed an economic model to evaluate the indirect cost associated with premature death due to sVOD among HSCT patients in the U.S. Methods An Excel-based model was developed to estimate the indirect cost associated with premature death due to sVOD among HSCT patients. Model inputs included prevalence of sVOD as well as mortality, age, salary, employment rate, and life expectancy. Inputs were obtained from the published literature, Center for International Blood & Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), U.S. Census Bureau, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The model considered lost productivity as the result of premature death by calculating the number of years between the age of sVOD-related death and the assumed age of retirement (65 years old); it was assumed that the lifetime salary reflected underlying productivity of HSCT survivors who did not develop sVOD. Annual salary and life expectancy among HSCT survivors were adjusted from the general population to reflect decreased productivity in the first 2 years immediately following HSCT. Annual average salary inputs by age categories were assumed to be the same as the general population. Age of the working population was assumed to be between 18 and 65 years old. Excess mortality from sVOD was calculated as number of deaths among sVOD patients minus the number of deaths among HSCT patients who did not develop sVOD. Indirect cost was expressed as the cumulative salary for all productive years contributed by a patient and included a 3% discount for each additional year. Total lost productivity years and indirect costs by age category were obtained by multiplying each respective per patient value by the number of excess deaths in each age category. A sensitivity analysis was performed to examine the impact of changes in key model parameters on model results. Results The model estimated 361 excess deaths per year due to sVOD in the HSCT population. The excess deaths due to sVOD were associated with indirect costs of over $68 million due to reduced life expectancy and consequent productivity loss. AlloSCT patients were younger on average, resulting in greater indirect costs ($39 million) compared to AutoSCT ($29 million). AlloSCT patients lost 3,637 productive years on average compared to 2,353 lost productive years for AutoSCT patients despite fewer patients receiving AlloSCT than AutoSCT. A sensitivity analysis showed that the total indirect costs due to overall VOD (non-severe and severe) were as high as $73.3 million. Conclusion sVOD imposes a substantial economic burden on patients in terms of excess deaths, lost productivity, and indirect costs. The model underestimates indirect costs largely due to not accounting for productivity loss among children and their caregivers or those older than 65. It also does not calculate productivity loss among HSCT survivors. Future research is warranted to elicit the additional indirect costs associated with non-severe VOD. Figure 3. Deterministic Sensitivity Analysis: Total Indirect Costs due to Excess Deaths due to sVOD Compared with HSCT Survivors without VOD. Figure 3. Deterministic Sensitivity Analysis: Total Indirect Costs due to Excess Deaths due to sVOD Compared with HSCT Survivors without VOD. Disclosures Quock: Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Employment, Equity Ownership. Zhou:Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Other: Analysis Group received funding for this analysis from Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Analysis Group: Employment. Dai:Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Other: Analysis Group received funding for this analysis from Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Analysis Group: Employment. Tang:Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Other: Analysis Group received funding for this analysis from Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Analysis Group: Employment. Villa:Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Employment, Equity Ownership.

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