scholarly journals Mental Health Disorders and Summer Temperature-Related Mortality: A Case Crossover Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 9122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Stivanello ◽  
Federico Chierzi ◽  
Paolo Marzaroli ◽  
Sara Zanella ◽  
Rossella Miglio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Crossover Study ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Case Crossover ◽  
Vulnerable Subjects ◽  
Health Disorders

Identifying the most vulnerable subjects is crucial for the effectiveness of health interventions aimed at limiting the adverse consequences of high temperatures. We conducted a case crossover study aimed at assessing whether suffering from mental health disorders modifies the effect of high temperatures on mortality. We included all deaths occurred in the area of Bologna Local Health Trust during the summers 2004–2017. Subjects with mental disorders were identified by using the local Mental Health Registry. A conditional logistic model was applied, and a z-test was used to study the effect modification. Several models were estimated stratifying by subjects’ characteristics. For every 1 °C above 24 °C, mortality among people without mental disorders increased by 1.9% (95% CI 1.0–2.6, p < 0.0001), while among mental health service users, mortality increased by 5.5% (95% CI 2.4–8.6, p < 0.0001) (z-test equal to p = 0.0259). The effect modification varied according to gender, residency and cause of death. The highest probability of dying due to an increase in temperature was registered in patients with depression and cognitive decline. In order to reduce the effects of high temperatures on mortality, health intervention strategies should include mental health patients among the most vulnerable subjects taking account of their demographic and clinical characteristics.

Anticancer, Anxiolytic, Nootropic Effects of Convolvulus Pluricaulis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Rashmi Sharma ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Suicidal Thinking ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Convolvulus Pluricaulis

Mental health disorders effect thinking, behave, mood etc. these can be schizophrenia, eating beh. Addictive beh, Depression, anxiety, feeling sad, down, fear, worry, guilt, anger, violence & suicidal thinking. Convolvulus is traditionally used to treat mental disorders insomnia, fatigue, low Energy

scholarly journals Management of mental health disorders and central nervous system sequelae in HIV-positive children and adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Nassen ◽  
K Donald ◽  
K Walker ◽  
S Paruk ◽  
M Vujovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
The Impact

HIV-positive children and adolescents are at increased risk of both central nervous system (CNS) sequelae and mental disorders owing to a number of factors, including the impact of HIV infection on the brain, social determinants of health (e.g. poverty and orphanhood) and psychosocial stressors related to living with HIV. Every effort should be made to identify perinatally HIV-infected children and initiate them on antiretroviral therapy early in life. HIV clinicians should ideally screen for mental health and neurocognitive problems, as part of the routine monitoring of children attending antiretroviral clinics. This guideline is intended as a reference tool for HIV clinicians to support the early identification, screening and management of mental health disorders and/or CNS impairment in children and adolescents. This guideline covers mental disorders (section 1) and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (section 2) among children and adolescents.  

scholarly journals Mental disorders, suicidal ideation, plans and attempts among Canadian police

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
P M Di Nota ◽  
G S Anderson ◽  
R Ricciardelli ◽  
R N Carleton ◽  
D Groll
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Municipal Police ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Recent investigations have demonstrated a significant prevalence of mental health disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicidal ideation, plans and attempts among Canadian public safety personnel, including police officers. What remains unknown is the relationship between mental disorders and suicide among sworn police officers, and the prevalence of both among civilian police workers. Aims To examine the relationship between suicidal ideation, plans and attempts and positive mental health screens for depression, anxiety, panic disorder, alcohol abuse and PTSD among Canadian sworn and civilian police employees. Methods Participants completed an online survey that included self-report screening tools for depression, anxiety, panic disorder, alcohol abuse and PTSD. Respondents were also asked if they ever contemplated, planned or attempted suicide. Between-group (Royal Canadian Mounted Police [RCMP], provincial/municipal police and civilians) differences on mental health screening tools were calculated using Kruskal–Wallis analyses. The relationship between mental disorders and suicidal ideation, plans and attempts was evaluated with a series of logistic regressions. Results There were 4236 civilian and sworn officer participants in the study. RCMP officers reported more suicidal ideation than other police and scored highest on measures of PTSD, depression, anxiety, stress and panic disorder, which were significantly associated with suicidal ideation and plans but not attempts. Relative to provincial and municipal police, civilians reported more suicide attempts and scored higher on measures of anxiety. Conclusions The results identify a strong relationship between mental health disorders and increased risk for suicidal ideation, plans and attempts among sworn and civilian Canadian police employees.

scholarly journals Cannabis tourist destinations: risk for vulnerable travellers with pre-existing mental disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hagit Bonny-Noach ◽  
Moran Sagiv-Alayoff
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Travel Health ◽  
Tourism Destinations ◽  
Health Disorders

In recent years, more countries have decriminalized and legalized cannabis, and have become cannabis tourism destinations. Little has been published about individuals with pre-existing mental health disorders who use cannabis during travel. Health professionals should pay greater attention to cannabis use among vulnerable travellers before, during, and after their travel.

scholarly journals Mental Health Diagnostic Patterns in Behavioral Weight Loss Program Attendees

2020 ◽  
Vol 185 (7-8) ◽  
pp. e1263-e1270
Author(s):  
Jacqueline F Hayes ◽  
Katherine J Hoggatt ◽  
Jessica Y Breland
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Weight Loss Program ◽  
Additional Patient ◽  
Behavioral Weight Loss ◽  
Younger Patients ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Diagnoses

Abstract Introduction Individuals with obesity have higher rates of mental health disorders, both singly and in combination, than individuals of normal weight. Mental health disorders may negatively impact weight loss treatment outcomes; however, little is known about the mental health burden of individuals using weight loss programs. The current study identifies common mental health diagnostic profiles among participants of MOVE!—the Veterans Health Administration’s behavioral weight loss program. Material and Methods We used national VHA administrative data from fiscal year 2014 to identify veteran primary care patients who participated in at least one MOVE! session the previous year (n = 110,830). Using latent class analysis, we identified patient types (classes) characterized by the presence or absence of mental health diagnoses, both overall and stratified by age and gender. Results There were several patient types (classes), including psychologically healthy, predominantly depressed, depressed with co-occurring mental disorders, and co-occurring mental disorders with no predominant psychological condition. Additional patient types were found in men of different ages. The majority of patients had at least one psychiatric disorder, particularly younger patients. Conclusions Efforts to improve patients’ engagement in the MOVE! program may need to address barriers to care associated with mental health disorders or incorporate care for both obesity and mental health diagnoses in MOVE! A holistic approach may be particularly important for younger patients who have a higher comorbidity burden and longer care horizons. Future work may address if patient types found in the current study extend to non-VHA obesity treatment seekers.

scholarly journals Did the Brain and Oral Microbiota Talk to Each Other? A Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 3876
Author(s):  
Yoann Maitre ◽  
Pierre Micheneau ◽  
Alexis Delpierre ◽  
Rachid Mahalli ◽  
Marie Guerin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Health Disorders

This systematic review aims to investigate the role of the oral microbiome in the pathophysiology of mental health disorders and to appraise the methodological quality of research of the oral–brain axis which is a growing interest area. The PRISMA guideline was adopted, to carry out an electronic search through the MEDLINE database, to identify studies that have explored the role of the oral microbiome in the pathophysiology of mental health disorders published from 2000 up to June 2020. The search resulted in 140 records; after exclusions, a total of 22 papers were included in the present review. In accordance with the role of the oral microbiome in the pathophysiology of mental disorders, four mental disorders were identified: Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, and cognitive disorders; autism spectrum disorder; Down’s syndrome and mental retardation; and Bipolar disorders. Studies argue for correlations between oral microbiota and Alzheimer’s disease, autism spectrum disorders, Down’s syndrome, and bipolar disorders. This field is still under-studied, and studies are needed to clarify the biological links and interconnections between the oral microbiota and the pathophysiology of all mental health disorders. Researchers should focus their efforts to develop research on the oral–brain axis in the future.

scholarly journals Association between mental disorders and somatic conditions: protocol for an umbrella review

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
Samuele Cortese ◽  
Marco Solmi ◽  
Gonzalo Arrondo ◽  
Andrea Cipriani ◽  
Paolo Fusar-Poli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Meta Analyses

IntroductionAlthough several systematic reviews (SRs)/meta-analyses (MAs) on the association between specific mental disorders and specific somatic conditions are available, an overarching evidence synthesis across mental disorders and somatic conditions is currently lacking. We will conduct an umbrella review of SRs/MAs to test: 1) the strength of the association between individual mental disorders and individual somatic conditions in children/adolescents and adults; 2) to which extent associations are specific to individual mental and somatic conditions .Methods and analysisWe will search a broad set of electronic databases and contact study authors. We will include SRs with MA or SRs reporting the effect size from individual studies on the association between a number of somatic and mental conditions (as per the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision). We will follow an algorithm to select only one SR or MA when more than one are available on the same association. We will rate the quality of included SRs/MAs using the AMSTAR-2 tool. We will assess to which extent mental disorders are selectively associated with specific somatic conditions or if there are transdiagnostic, across-spectra or diagnostic spectrum-specific associations between mental disorders and somatic conditions based on the Transparent, Reporting, Appraising, Numerating, Showing (TRANSD) recommendations.DiscussionThe present umbrella review will shed light on the association between mental health disorders and somatic conditions, providing useful data for the care of patients with mental health disorders, in particular for early detection and intervention. This work might also add insight to the pathophysiology of mental health conditions, and contribute to the current debate on the value of a transdiagnostic approach in psychiatry.

scholarly journals Mental health stigma in Ukraine: cross-sectional survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor Quirke ◽  
Vitalii Klymchuk ◽  
Orest Suvalo ◽  
Ioannis Bakolis ◽  
Graham Thornicroft
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Knowledge ◽  
Intended Behaviour

Abstract Background and study objectives This study aimed to assess among Ukrainian adults: (1) knowledge of mental disorders; (2) attitudes towards people with mental health disorders, and to the delivery of mental health treatment within the community; and (3) behaviours towards people with mental disorders. Methodology A cross-sectional survey of Ukrainian adults aged 18–60 was conducted. Stigma-related mental health knowledge was measured using the mental health knowledge schedule. Attitude towards people with mental health disorders was assessed using the Community Attitudes towards Mental Illness scale. The Reported and Intended Behaviour scale was used to assess past and future intended behaviour towards people with mental health disorders. Results Associations between gender, age, and educational level and the knowledge and attitudes measures were identified. There was evidence of a positive association between being male and positive intended behaviours towards people with mental health disorders [mean difference (MD) = 0.509, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.021–0.998]. Older age was negatively associated with positive intended behaviours towards people with mental health disorders (MD = −0.017, 95% CI 0.0733 to −0.001). Higher education was positively associated with stigma-related mental health knowledge (MD = 0.438, 95% CI 0.090–0.786), and negatively associated with authoritarian (MD = 0.755, 95% CI 0.295–1.215) attitudes towards people with mental health problems. Conclusion Overall, the findings indicate a degree of awareness of, and compassion towards, people with mental illness among Ukrainian adults, although this differed according to gender, region, and education level. Results indicate a need for the adoption and scaling-up of anti-stigma interventions that have been demonstrated to be effective.

scholarly journals Adult mental health disorders and their age at onset

2013 ◽  
Vol 202 (s54) ◽  
pp. s5-s10 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Primary And Secondary Prevention ◽  
Adult Mental Health ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
The Brain

SummaryThe study of age at onset of mental health disorders is technically and conceptually difficult. It is important to consider these age distributions in order to understand causes and mechanisms of illness and to intervene at an appropriate juncture for primary and secondary prevention. This article reviews some of the approaches to studying age at onset, sets out the evidence to support the assertion that adult mental disorders begin in adolescence, and finds that perhaps half of all adult mental health disorders have begun by the teenage years. The paper then discusses whether this fits what is known about the developmental neurobiology of the brain and introduces the implications for mental health services.

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