Backstroke to Breaststroke Turning Performance in Age-Group Swimmers: Hydrodynamic Characteristics and Pull-Out Strategy

We compared the hydrodynamic characteristics and pull-out strategies of four backstroke-to-breaststroke turning techniques in young swimmers. Eighteen 11 and 12-year-old swimmers participated in a 4 week intervention program including 16 contextual interference sessions. The hydrodynamic variables were assessed through inverse dynamics, and the pull-out strategy kinematics were assessed with tracking markers followed by 12 land cameras and 11 underwater cameras. Swimmers randomly completed sixteen 30 m maximal backstroke-to breaststroke-open, somersault, bucket and crossover turns (four in each technique) with a 3 min rest. The data showed higher drag force, cross-sectional area and drag coefficient values for the first (compared with the second) gliding position. The crossover turn revealed the highest push-off velocity (2.17 ± 0.05 m·s−1), and the somersault turn demonstrated the lowest foot plant index (0.68 ± 0.03; 68%), which could have affected the first gliding, transition and second gliding depths (0.73 ± 0.13, 0.86 ± 0.17 and 0.76 ± 0.17 m). The data revealed the consistency of the time spent (4.86 ± 0.98 s) and breakout distance (6.04 ± 0.94 m) among the four turning techniques, and no differences were observed between them regarding time and average velocity up to 7.5 m. The hydrodynamic characteristics and pull-out strategy of the backstroke-to-breaststroke turns performed by the age group swimmers were independent of the selected technique.

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Standardization of Malaysian Adult Female Nasal Cavity

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine ◽

10.1155/2013/519071 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Chih Fang Lee ◽

Mohd. Zulkifly Abdullah ◽

Kamarul Arifin Ahmad ◽

Ibrahim Lutfi Shuaib

Keyword(s):

Nasal Cavity ◽

Average Velocity ◽

Fluid Dynamic ◽

Cfd Analysis ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cavity Model ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

New Approach ◽

Nasal Cavities ◽

Preliminary Study

This research focuses on creating a standardized nasal cavity model of adult Malaysian females. The methodology implemented in this research is a new approach compared to other methods used by previous researchers. This study involves 26 females who represent the test subjects for this preliminary study. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis was carried out to better understand the characteristics of the standardized model and to compare it to the available standardized Caucasian model. This comparison includes cross-sectional areas for both half-models as well as velocity contours along the nasal cavities. The Malaysian female standardized model is larger in cross-sectional area compared to the standardized Caucasian model thus leading to lower average velocity magnitudes. The standardized model was further evaluated with four more Malaysian female test subjects based on its cross-sectional areas and average velocity magnitudes along the nasal cavities. This evaluation shows that the generated model represents an averaged and standardized model of adult Malaysian females.

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079 Nerve ultrasound cross sectional area does not correlate with electrodiagnostic carpal tunnel severity in the very elderly

Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry ◽

10.1136/jnnp-2018-anzan.78 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 89 (6) ◽

pp. A32.2-A32

Author(s):

Eoin Mulroy ◽

Luciana Pelosi

Keyword(s):

Elderly Patients ◽

Median Nerve ◽

Carpal Tunnel ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Age Group ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Very Elderly ◽

Nerve Ultrasound ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nerve Enlargement

IntroductionUltrasound measurement of median nerve cross-sectional area (CSA) at the wrist has emerged as an accurate and useful complement to electrophysiology in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).AANEM, 2012 A number of studies have also shown a positive correlation between median nerve CSA and electrodiagnostic severity. After noting absence of the expected nerve enlargement on ultrasound in some very elderly patients, we sought to correlate nerve ultrasound and electrodiagnostic findings in a very elderly population and to compare this with a population of younger patients.MethodsWe undertook a retrospective review of electrophysiology and ultrasound data collected during routine clinical practice at our institution over a 13 month period. The correlation between electrodiagnostic severity and median nerve CSA at the wrist in patients aged 40–65 years (59 patients, 70 hands) was compared with a population of very elderly patients aged ≥80 years (33 patients, 40 hands). The sensitivity of nerve ultrasound for the detection of CTS was calculated for both groups.ResultsIn the 40–65 years age group, there was a strong positive correlation between electrodiagnostic severity and median nerve CSA (r=0.79, p<0.01). In patients aged over 80 years, there was no significant correlation between the two techniques (r=0.09, p=0.57). Compared to ‘gold standard’ electrophysiologic tests, nerve ultrasound sensitivity for the detection of CTS was 98% in the 40–65 years age group and 62% in the very elderly group.ConclusionThe absence of expected median nerve enlargement in very elderly patients with electrodiagnostic evidence of CTS may reflect a different pathophysiologic response to distal median nerve entrapment in advanced age. Our data also suggests that nerve CSA measurement alone may not be a reliable tool for the detection of CTS in the very elderly. Further studies of its diagnostic accuracy in very elderly patients are warranted.

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Correlation of nerve conduction studies with findings of the ultrasound of the median nerve in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome

Current Medical Imaging Formerly Current Medical Imaging Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573405617666210129113548 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Thomas Torres-Cuenca ◽

Fernando Ortiz-Corredor ◽

Jorge Diaz-Ruiz ◽

Diego Orozco-Salomon ◽

Andrés Naranjo-Quevedo

Keyword(s):

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ◽

Median Nerve ◽

Carpal Tunnel ◽

Nerve Conduction ◽

Nerve Conduction Studies ◽

Diagnostic Sensitivity ◽

Age Group ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tunnel Syndrome

Background: Ultrasonography is a diagnostic resource that serves as a complement in the evaluation of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. The correlation of ultrasonography findings with nerve conduction studies can serve to classify new phenotypes and to evaluate therapeutic responses. Objectives: To determine the diagnostic sensitivity of ultrasound, the correlation between the cross-sectional area against the motor and sensitive latencies, and the capacity to differentiate the mild, moderate and severe degrees of the electrophysiological classification of carpal tunnel syndrome. Methods: A cross-sectional study with prospective data collection was carried out. An ultrasonography system with a 15 MHz transducer was used. Nerve conduction studies of the median nerve were performed with conventional techniques. Data from the most symptomatic hand were used. Determination of the correlations of nerve diameter with motor and sensitive latencies of the median nerve was performed in four age groups: 40 (n=11), 40-54 (n=47), 55-70 (n=42) y >70 (n=27). Results : A total of 127 patients were evaluated (average age = 58.2 years: minimum = 26; maximum = 85; SD = 13.4); female patients 109 (85.8%). According to the electrophysiological classification, mild = 40 (31.5%) were found; moderate = 60 (47.2%); and severe = 27 (21.3%).Significant differences in the area of the median nerve were found between the electrophysiological types (mild, moderate and severe; p = 0.000). The diagnostic sensitivity of ultrasonography differed for each age group. The capacity for ultrasonography to classify the degrees of electrophysiological severity was different for each age group. Conclusions: There is a well-defined and significant correlation between nerve conduction studies and median nerve diameter in patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. However, the exclusive use of the ultrasonographic measurement of the cross sectional area would not be enough to confirm or rule out an entrapment of the median nerve through the carpal tunnel, nor to predict in every case their electrophysiological severity.

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Determination of the Drag Coefficient during the First and Second Gliding Positions of the Breaststroke Underwater Stroke

Journal of Applied Biomechanics ◽

10.1123/jab.26.3.324 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 324-331 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

J. Paulo Vilas-Boas ◽

Lígia Costa ◽

Ricardo J. Fernandes ◽

João Ribeiro ◽

Pedro Figueiredo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drag Coefficient ◽

Drag Force ◽

Inverse Dynamics ◽

National Level ◽

Total Sample ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Time Curve ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hydrodynamic Parameters

The purpose of the current study was to assess and to compare the hydrodynamics of the first and second gliding positions of the breaststroke underwater stroke used after starts and turns, considering drag force (D), drag coefficient (CD) and cross-sectional area (S). Twelve national-level swimmers were tested (6 males and 6 females, respectively 18.2 ± 4.0 and 17.3 ± 3.0 years old). Hydrodynamic parameters were assessed through inverse dynamics from the velocity to time curve characteristic of the underwater armstroke of the breaststroke technique. The results allow us to conclude that, for the same gliding velocities (1.37 ± 0.124 m/s), D and the swimmers’ S and CD values obtained for the first gliding position are significantly lower than the corresponding values obtained for the second gliding position of the breaststroke underwater stroke (31.67 ± 6.44 N vs. 46.25 ± 7.22 N; 740.42 ± 101.89 cm2 vs. 784.25 ± 99.62 cm2 and 0.458 ± 0.076 vs. 0.664 ± 0.234, respectively). These differences observed for the total sample were not evident for each one of the gender’s subgroups.

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Pelvic Canal Narrowing Caused by Triple Pelvic Osteotomy in the Dog

Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1633130 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 07 (03) ◽

pp. 110-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

D. L. Holmberg ◽

M. B. Hurtig ◽

H. R. Sukhiani

Keyword(s):

Postoperative Complications ◽

Pelvic Osteotomy ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Canal Width ◽

Operative Complications ◽

Post Operative Complications

SummaryDuring a triple pelvic osteotomy, rotation of the free acetabular segment causes the pubic remnant on the acetabulum to rotate into the pelvic canal. The resulting narrowing may cause complications by impingement on the organs within the pelvic canal. Triple pelvic osteotomies were performed on ten cadaver pelves with pubic remnants equal to 0, 25, and 50% of the hemi-pubic length and angles of acetabular rotation of 20, 30, and 40 degrees. All combinations of pubic remnant lengths and angles of acetabular rotation caused a significant reduction in pelvic canal-width and cross-sectional area, when compared to the inact pelvis. Zero, 25, and 50% pubic remnants result in 15, 35, and 50% reductions in pelvic canal width respectively. Overrotation of the acetabulum should be avoided and the pubic remnant on the acetabular segment should be minimized to reduce postoperative complications due to pelvic canal narrowing.When performing triple pelvic osteotomies, the length of the pubic remnant on the acetabular segment and the angle of acetabular rotation both significantly narrow the pelvic canal. To reduce post-operative complications, due to narrowing of the pelvic canal, overrotation of the acetabulum should be avoided and the length of the pubic remnant should be minimized.

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COMPARISION OF DENTAL SCORING SYSTEM WITH RADIOGRAPHIC SKELETAL SYSTEM IN AGE ESTIMATION

JKCD ◽

10.33279/2307-3934.2019.9103 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 9-11

Author(s):

Sadaf Ambreen

Keyword(s):

Age Estimation ◽

Scoring System ◽

Skeletal Age ◽

Chronological Age ◽

Age Group ◽

Dental Age ◽

Scoring Method ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Results ◽

Male Subjects

Objectives: To compare Demirjian Dental scoring method with Greulich-Pyle (GP) Skeletal method of age estimation in pubertal children. Materials and Methods: Sample of the study included 267 male healthy subjects of 11-16 years of age group.. Demirjian Scoring system was utilized to evaluate the orthopantomograms to assess their Dental age and the Hand-Wrist radiographs were analyzed to calculate the skeletal age by utilizing GP atlas. Chronological age was obtained from the date of birth of the subject .Both methods were compared with one another and with the chronological age. It was a cross-sectional study and only healthy male subjects without any clinical abnormalities were included in the study. Results: A total of 267 male subjects of 11-16 years of age group were assessed by Demirjian and Greulich Pyle Methods. Both were compared with Chronological Age. Data obtained was statistically analyzed and the Student “t” test was applied in the study population. The mean difference between Chronolgical age and dental age was 0.69years and that of chronological age and skeletal age was 0.87 years. It was observed from dental age assessment that it does not differ much from the skeletal age. Conclusion: It was concluded that Demirjian method of Age Estimation is more precise than Greulich Pyle method of Age Estimation. Furthermore both methods can be used selectively in Medicolegal cases to access bone age which can be easily correlated to chronological age.

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Rapid detection of Rotavirus antigen in stool sample of acute diarrheic children

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.3329/bjmm.v6i1.19354 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 11-13

Author(s):

Sushmita Roy ◽

S.M. Shamsuzzaman ◽

K.Z. Mamun

Keyword(s):

Stool Sample ◽

Rapid Detection ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Rapid Diagnosis ◽

Age Group ◽

College Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Rotavirus Infection ◽

Medical College ◽

Stool Samples

Rotavirus is one of the leading causes of pediatric diarrhea globally. Accurate and rapid diagnosis of Rotavirus diarrhea should reduce unnecessary use of antibiotics and ultimately reduce drug resistance. Study was designed for rapid diagnosis of Rotavirus antigen in stool sample by ICT (Immunochromatographic test) as well as to observe the seasonal variation of rotavirus infection. This cross sectional study was carried out in the department of Microbiology, Dhaka Medical College from January 2011 to December 2011. Eighty stool samples were collected from Dhaka Shishu Hospital and Dhaka Medical College Hospital. All samples were tested for rotavirus antigen by ICT. Among 80 patients, 42 (52.5%) samples were positive for rotavirus antigen. Among these 42 positive samples, 30 (71.43%) were from 0-12 months of age group, 10 (23.81%) from 13 to 24 months of age group and rest 2 (4.76%) from 25 to 36 months of age group. Rotavirus Ag was detected in stool samples from January to April and another peak episode from October to December. Considering the importance of Rotavirus associated diarrhea, rapid detection of Rotavirus infection in human is substantially needed and should be routinely practiced.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v6i1.19354 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2012; 06(01): 11-13

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Suicidal Death Autopsy Analysis at Dhaka Medical College

Bangladesh Medical Journal ◽

10.3329/bmj.v40i1.9957 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 18-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MN Hossain ◽

Z Rahman ◽

S Akhter

Keyword(s):

Forensic Medicine ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Age Group ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Autopsy Report ◽

Common Causes ◽

Suicidal Death

A cross sectional study was carried out at the department of Forensic Medicine in Dhaka Medical College during the period of January 2008 to December 2009. Data were collected from 3rd copy of the post mortem reports which were preserved in the department of Forensic Medicine with the verbal consent of the doctors who performed autopsy report. During this period total 5114 autopsies were conducted. Out of this 970 cases (19%) were suicidal in nature. It was noticed that all suicidal deaths occurred from 10 years to all age group respectively, but top amongst age group of suicidal deaths occurred in between 21 to 30 years of people. Suicidal deaths are more common in female than male. Suicidal deaths due to hanging is highest, next common causes of death due to organophosphorus compund poisoning. Suicidal deaths by hanging is more in female than male but in poisoning cases male are more lvictimised than female. Objectives of our study are to see the occurrence and methods of suicidal death. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v40i1.9957 BMJ 2011; 40(1): 18-21

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Profil Penyakit Malaria Di Rumah Sakit Islam Siti Rahmah Padang Tahun 2018

Health & Medical Journal ◽

10.33854/heme.v2i2.546 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 08-15

Author(s):

Rahma Triyana ◽

Salmi Salmi

Keyword(s):

Observational Study ◽

Frequency Distribution ◽

Cross Section ◽

Laboratory Tests ◽

Age Group ◽

Normal Range ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

West Sumatra ◽

Severity Of The Disease

Malaria is one of the health problems in Indonesia, especially West Sumatra. Determination of the description of Malaria disease in an area is needed to determine the spread and severity of the disease. This study aims to determine the frequency distribution according to age, sex and place of residence, description of the types of Plasmodium causes of Malaria and hematological features in Malaria patients at Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018. This type of research is a descriptive observational study with an approach or design cross section (cross sectional). The frequency distribution of Malaria sufferers in Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018 according to the highest age was in the age group 21-30 years as many as 28 cases (36.8%), the highest sex among men was 46 (60.5%) and the highest number of residences was found in Koto Tangah sub-district there were 31 cases (40.8%). The type of Plasmodium found in Malaria cases in Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018 was P. vivax (73 cases (96.05%)) and P. falciparum (3 cases (3.95%)). The results of laboratory tests on Hb, hematocrit, platelet and leukocyte levels in Malaria positive patients in Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018 were in the normal range.

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