scholarly journals Psychological Impact of Pro-Anorexia and Pro-Eating Disorder Websites on Adolescent Females: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2186
Author(s):  
Carmela Mento ◽  
Maria Catena Silvestri ◽  
Maria Rosaria Anna Muscatello ◽  
Amelia Rizzo ◽  
Laura Celebre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Adolescent Females ◽  
Physical Aspect ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Female Teenagers

(1) Background: Teenagers (in particular, females) suffering from eating disorders report being not satisfied with their physical aspect and they often perceive their body image in a wrong way; they report an excessive use of websites, defined as PRO-ANA and PRO-MIA, that promote an ideal of thinness, providing advice and suggestions about how to obtain super slim bodies. (2) Aim: The aim of this review is to explore the psychological impact of pro-ana and pro-mia websites on female teenagers. (3) Methods: We have carried out a systematic review of the literature on PubMed. The search terms that have been used are: “Pro” AND “Ana” OR “Blogging” AND “Mia”. Initially, 161 publications were identified, but in total, in compliance with inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 studies have been analyzed. (4) Results: The recent scientific literature has identified a growing number of Pro Ana and Pro Mia blogs which play an important role in the etiology of anorexia and bulimia, above all in female teenagers. The feelings of discomfort and dissatisfaction with their physical aspect, therefore, reduce their self-esteem. (5) Conclusion: These websites encourage anorexic and bulimic behaviors, in particular in female teenagers. Attention to healthy eating guidelines and policies during adolescence, focused on correcting eating behavioral aspects, is very important to prevent severe forms of psychopathology with more vulnerability in the perception of body image, social desirability, and negative emotional feedback.

scholarly journals The Basis and Applications of the Action Fluency and Action Naming Tasks

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bárbara Costa Beber ◽  
Márcia L.F. Chaves
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Action Naming ◽  
Verb Generation ◽  
Naming Tasks

ABSTRACT The Action Fluency (AF) and Action Naming (AN) are different tasks involving verb generation. Evidence indicates that verb tasks yield different information from that obtained with nouns. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the information available in the scientific literature on the mechanism and clinical application of these tasks. Methods: We carried out a systematic review of the literature and the findings were presented according to clinical studies and neuroimaging studies, and to the task in question. Results: The literature contained a variety of relevant studies with different objectives, methodologies and populations. After the analysis (exclusion criteria) of the studies obtained by the search terms, only 40 studies were included in this review. Conclusion: It was possible to conclude that AF and AN involve different brain processes, and although recruiting frontal areas and circuits, other areas are also critical. These tasks may be useful for differentiating Primary Progressive Aphasias; AF might represent a new measure of executive function; finally, both these tests can be used to provide a better understanding of cognitive processes and certain diseases.

scholarly journals Sleep Deprivation and Oxidative Stress in Animal Models: A Systematic Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Villafuerte ◽  
Adán Miguel-Puga ◽  
Eric Murillo Rodríguez ◽  
Sergio Machado ◽  
Elias Manjarrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Antioxidative Properties ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Antioxidant Function ◽  
Basic Studies ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Because the function and mechanisms of sleep are partially clear, here we applied a meta-analysis to address the issue whether sleep function includes antioxidative properties in mice and rats. Given the expansion of the knowledge in the sleep field, it is indeed ambitious to describe all mammals, or other animals, in which sleep shows an antioxidant function. However, in this paper we reviewed the current understanding from basic studies in two species to drive the hypothesis that sleep is a dynamic-resting state with antioxidative properties. We performed a systematic review of articles cited in Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science until March 2015 using the following search terms:Sleep or sleep deprivation and oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, glutathione, nitric oxide, catalase or superoxide dismutase. We found a total of 266 studies. After inclusion and exclusion criteria, 44 articles were included, which are presented and discussed in this study. The complex relationship between sleep duration and oxidative stress is discussed. Further studies should consider molecular and genetic approaches to determine whether disrupted sleep promotes oxidative stress.

Eating Disorders in Non-Dance Performing Artists: A Systematic Literature Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna E Kapsetaki ◽  
Charlie Easmon
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Performing Artists ◽  
Search Terms

PURPOSE: Previous literature on dancers and athletes has shown a large impact of eating disorders (EDs) on these individuals, but there is limited research on EDs affecting non-dance performing artists (i.e., musicians, actors, etc.). This systematic review aimed to identify and evaluate the literature on EDs in non-dance performing artists. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was performed on 24 databases, using search terms related to EDs and non-dance performing artists. All results from the databases were systematically screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS: The initial search returned 86,383 total articles, which after screening and removal of duplicates and irrelevant papers yielded 129 results. After screening the 129 full-text results for eligibility, 10 studies met criteria for inclusion: 6 papers addressed EDs in musicians, and 4 papers addressed EDs in theatre performers. Most studies used questionnaires and body mass index (BMI) as diagnostic tools for EDs. Most were small-scale studies and participants were mostly students. Because of the studies’ heterogeneity and varying quality, the results obtained were often contradictory and questionable. CONCLUSIONS: Although there has been a lot of literature in dancers, we found relatively few studies associating EDs with other performing artists, and most were inconsistent in their information.

scholarly journals Bobble Head Doll Syndrome: what have we described in the scientific literature?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe dos Santos Souza ◽  
Alvaro Moreira Rivelli
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Dorsomedial Nucleus ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
The Third ◽  
Repetitive Movements

Introduction: The bobble head syndrome (BHDS) is described in the literature as a complex and rare syndrome with repetitive movements of the anteroposterior head. Furthermore, it is known that this movement disorder is due to the effect of pressure from the third dilated ventricle, which distorts the red dorsomedial nucleus and the dentatorubrotalamic pathways. Objective: to evaluate the number of studies on the syndrome and, added to the findings, describe the manifestations about the Bobble Head Doll Syndrome, elucidating the main neurological exams, treatments used and reported prognoses, in order to make it a potential diagnosis in children who present a compatible clinic. Methodology: a systematic review based on databases (SCIELO <LILACS and PUBMED), using the PRISMA method with the following descriptor: Bobble Head Doll Syndrome. The selection criteria included: studies made available in full, case reports, reviews and clinical trials. Exclusion criteria: articles not available in full, duplicates and works that only touched on the theme. Results: it was found in the scientific literature, PUBMED: 52 studies and SCIELO: 0. SCIELO: 2. Conclusions: the articles selected based on the established criteria showed a significant scientific scarcity around the Bobble Head Doll Syndrome. The dissemination of new studies and documentation of case reports is essential in understanding both the general syndrome and the specific knowledge of the procedures in which neurologists must take it. In this sense, the epidemiology is approximately between 2 and less than 5 years of age in children.

scholarly journals A systematic review of tools used to assess body image, masculinity and self‐esteem in men with prostate cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1761-1771
Author(s):  
Jessica Bowie ◽  
Oliver Brunckhorst ◽  
Robert Stewart ◽  
Prokar Dasgupta ◽  
Kamran Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Self Esteem

scholarly journals Management of Iron Overload in Resource Poor Nations: A Systematic Review of Phlebotomy and Natural Chelators

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Orish Ebere Orisakwe ◽  
Cecilia Nwadiuto Amadi ◽  
Chiara Frazzoli
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Iron Overload ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
The Body ◽  
Transfer Energy ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Natural Iron ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
Dietary Origin

Iron is an essential element and the most abundant trace metal in the body involved in oxygen transport and oxygen sensing, electron transfer, energy metabolism, and DNA synthesis. Excess labile and unchelated iron can catalyze the formation of tissue-damaging radicals and induce oxidative stress. English abstracts were identified in PubMed and Google Scholar using multiple and various search terms based on defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Full-length articles were selected for systematic review, and secondary and tertiary references were developed. Although bloodletting or phlebotomy remains the gold standard in the management of iron overload, this systematic review is an updated account of the pitfalls of phlebotomy and classical synthetic chelators with scientific justification for the use of natural iron chelators of dietary origin in resource-poor nations.

scholarly journals Sensing Applications and Public Datasets for Digital Phenotyping of Mental Health (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean P. M. Marques ◽  
Ivan R. Moura ◽  
Pepijn Van de Ven ◽  
Davi V. Santos ◽  
Francisco J. S. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Digital Libraries ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Digital Phenotyping ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Public Datasets

BACKGROUND Mental disorders are normally diagnosed exclusively on the basis of symptoms, which are identified from patients' interviews and self-reported experiences. To make mental health diagnoses and monitoring more objective, different solutions have been proposed such as Digital Phenotyping of Mental Health (DPMH), which can expand the ability to identify and monitor health conditions based on the interactions of people with digital technologies. OBJECTIVE This article aims to identify and characterize technically the sensing applications and public datasets for DPMH. METHODS We performed a systematic review of scientific literature and datasets. We searched digital libraries and dataset repositories to find results that met the selection criteria. RESULTS After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 31 articles and 8 datasets were selected for data extraction, in which we summarized their characteristics and identified trends and research opportunities. CONCLUSIONS Results evidenced growth in proposals for DPMH sensing applications in recent years as opposed to a scarcity of public datasets. This systematic review provides in-depth analysis regarding solutions for DPMH.

scholarly journals Interventions to Deliver Vaccination to, and Improve Vaccination Rates in, People who are Homeless

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Laura McCosker ◽  
Robert Ware ◽  
Martin J. Downes
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Index Terms ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background: In comparison to the general population, people who are homeless have poorer health and health-related outcomes, including for vaccine-preventable diseases. Vaccination is safe, effective and cost-effective, and many vaccination guidelines specifically recommend vaccination in people who are homeless. This systematic review will identify interventions which are effective in delivering vaccination to, and/or at improving vaccination rates in, people who are homeless. Methods/Design: This systematic review is presented according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Searches will be undertaken on eight electronic databases, using combinations of search terms and subject headings or index terms. Citation chaining will also be undertaken. Literature will be screened for relevance against inclusion/exclusion criteria firstly by title/abstract and secondly by full text. The selected studies will be assessed for quality using an evidence-based tool appropriate to their methods. Data relevant to the topic will be extracted and examined using meta-analysis and narrative synthesis. Discussion: This systematic review will address an important gap in the literature about vaccination in people who are homeless. The review’s findings are particularly relevant considering the current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, which is likely to be managed through vaccination.

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